法律文本

中华人民共和国人民防空法（2009修订）

Civil Air Defense Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2009)

第一章 总 则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为了有效地组织人民防空，保护人民的生命和财产安全，保障社会主义现代化建设的顺利进行，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of organizing effective civil air defense, preserving safety of people's lives and property and ensuring the smooth progress of the socialist modernization drive.

第二条   人民防空是国防的组成部分。国家根据国防需要，动员和组织群众采取防护措施，防范和减轻空袭危害。人民防空实行长期准备、重点建设、平战结合的方针，贯彻与经济建设协调发展、与城市建设相结合的原则。

Article 2 Civil air defense is a component part of national defense. In light of the need of national defense, the State mobilizes and organizes the masses to take protective measures for preventing or minimizing damage caused by air raid. For civil air defense, the guidelines of making long-term preparation, giving priority to the building of key works and suiting both peacetime and wartime needs shall be applied and the principles of coordinating its buildup with the development of the economy and combining it with urban construction shall be carried out.

第三条   县级以上人民政府应当将人民防空建设纳入国民经济和社会发展计划。

Article 3 People's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate civil air defense construction into their plans for national economic and social development.

第四条   人民防空经费由国家和社会共同负担。中央负担的人民防空经费，列入中央预算；县级以上地方各级人民政府负担的人民防空经费，列入地方各级预算。有关单位应当按照国家规定负担人民防空费用。

Article 4 The expenses for civil air defense shall be jointly borne by the State and the society. The proportion borne by the Central Government shall be incorporated in the central budget, while the proportions borne by the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be incorporated in their budgets respectively. Relevant units shall bear their proportions of the expenses for civil air defense in accordance with relevant State regulations.

第五条   国家对人民防空设施建设按照有关规定给予优惠。国家鼓励、支持企业事业组织、社会团体和个人，通过多种途径，投资进行人民防空工程建设；人民防空工程平时由投资者使用管理，收益归投资者所有。

Article 5 In accordance with relevant regulations, the State adopts preferential policies with regard to construction of civil air defense works. The State encourages and supports enterprises, institutions, public organizations and individuals to invest in various ways in construction of civil air defense works. In time of peace, such works shall be used and managed by the investors and the income therefrom shall be owned by them.

第六条   国务院、中央军事委员会领导全国的人民防空工作。大军区根据国务院、中央军事委员会的授权领导本区域的人民防空工作。县级以上地方各级人民政府和同级军事机关领导本行政区域的人民防空工作。

Article 6 The State Council and the Central Military Commission shall exercise leadership in the work of civil air defense throughout the country. As authorized by the State Council and the Central Military Commission, the major military commands shall exercise leadership in the work of civil air defense in the areas under their command. Local people's governments at or above the county level and the military organs at the corresponding level shall exercise leadership in the work of civil air defense in their administrative areas respectively.

第七条   国家人民防空主管部门管理全国的人民防空工作。大军区人民防空主管部门管理本区域的人民防空工作。县级以上地方各级人民政府人民防空主管部门管理本行政区域的人民防空工作。中央国家机关人民防空主管部门管理中央国家机关的人民防空工作。人民防空主管部门的设置、职责和任务，由国务院、中央军事委员会规定。县级以上人民政府的计划、规划、建设等有关部门在各自的职责范围内负责有关的人民防空工作。

Article 7 The competent national department for civil air defense shall administer the work of civil air defense throughout the country. The competent departments for civil air defense of the major military commands shall administer the work of civil air defense in their respective areas. The competent departments for civil air defense of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall administer the work of civil air defense in their administrative areas respectively. The competent departments for civil air defense of the State organs at the central level shall administer the work of civil air defense of their own organs. Provisions for the establishment and the functions and duties of the competent departments for civil air defense shall be formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. The relevant departments for planning and construction of the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the work of civil air defense within the limits of their respective functions and duties.

第八条   一切组织和个人都有得到人民防空保护的权利，都必须依法履行人民防空的义务。

Article 8 All organizations and individuals shall have the right of being protected by civil air defense and must perform their duties in civil air defense according to law.

第九条   国家保护人民防空设施不受侵害。禁止任何组织或者个人破坏、侵占人民防空设施。

Article 9 The State protects civil air defense facilities from damage. All organizations and individuals are prohibited to destroy or seize civil air defense facilities.

第十条   县级以上人民政府和军事机关对在人民防空工作中做出显著成绩的组织或者个人，给予奖励。

Article 10 People's governments and military organs at or above the county level shall give awards to organizations and individuals that have achieved outstanding successes in work of civil air defense.

第二章 防护重点

Chapter 2 Priority of Protection

第十一条   城市是人民防空的重点。国家对城市实行分类防护。城市的防护类别、防护标准，由国务院、中央军事委员会规定。

Article 11 Cities enjoy priority in civil air defense. The State exercises classified protection in cities. Provisions for differentiating the cities for different grades of protection shall be formulated and the standards for such protection established by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

第十二条   城市人民政府应当制定防空袭方案及实施计划，必要时可以组织演习。

Article 12 People's governments of cities shall devise air defense programmes and draw up plans for their enforcement and may organize exercise when necessary.

第十三条   城市人民政府应当制定人民防空工程建设规划，并纳入城市总体规划。

Article 13 People's governments of cities shall work out plans for construction of civil air defense works and incorporate them into their overall urban plans.

第十四条   城市的地下交通干线以及其他地下工程的建设，应当兼顾人民防空需要。

Article 14 In constructing trunk lines of underground traffic and other underground projects in a city, consideration shall be given to the needs of civil air defense.

第十五条   为战时储备粮食、医药、油料和其他必需物资的工程，应当建在地下或者其他隐蔽地点。

Article 15 All projects for storing grains, medicines, oils and other necessary goods and materials for wartime use shall be built underground or in other concealed places.

第十六条   对重要的经济目标，有关部门必须采取有效防护措施，并制定应急抢险抢修方案。前款所称重要的经济目标，包括重要的工矿企业、科研基地、交通枢纽、通信枢纽、桥梁、水库、仓库、电站等。

Article 16 Relevant departments must take effective measures of protection towards important economic targets and work out plans dealing with emergencies and doing rush repairs. Important economic targets "mentioned in the preceding paragraph include important industrial and mining enterprises, scientific research bases, hubs of communications, signal centers, bridges, reservoirs, warehouses and power stations.

第十七条   人民防空主管部门应当依照规定对城市和经济目标的人民防空建设进行监督检查。被检查单位应当如实提供情况和必要的资料。

Article 17 The competent departments for civil air defense shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, conduct supervision over and inspection of the civil air defense construction projects of cities and economic targets. The units under inspection shall truthfully provide the information and necessary materials.

第三章 人民防空工程

Chapter III Civil Air Defense Works

第十八条   人民防空工程包括为保障战时人员与物资掩蔽、人民防空指挥、医疗救护等而单独修建的地下防护建筑，以及结合地面建筑修建的战时可用于防空的地下室。

Article 18 Civil air defense works include underground protective structures that are constructed particularly for sheltering people and goods and materials, civil air defense command and medical aid in time of war, and basements that are constructed in combination with the surface buildings and that can be used for air defense in time of war.

第十九条   国家对人民防空工程建设，按照不同的防护要求，实行分类指导。国家根据国防建设的需要，结合城市建设和经济发展水平，制定人民防空工程建设规划。

Article 19 The State provides guidance to construction of different categories of civil air defense works in accordance with the different requirements of protection. The State formulates plans for construction of civil air defense works in accordance with the need of national defense and in light of the level of urban construction and economic development.

第二十条   建设人民防空工程，应当在保证战时使用效能的前提下，有利于平时的经济建设、群众的生产生活和工程的开发利用。

Article 20 Under the prerequisite of ensuring their functions in time of war, civil air defense works shall be constructed in such a way as to benefit economic development, production and life of the people and the development and use of such works in time of peace.

第二十一条   人民防空指挥工程、公用的人员掩蔽工程和疏散干道工程由人民防空主管部门负责组织修建；医疗救护、物资储备等专用工程由其他有关部门负责组织修建。有关单位负责修建本单位的人员与物资掩蔽工程。

Article 21 The competent departments for civil air defense shall be responsible for organizing construction of such works as civil air defense commands, shelters for public use and main passages for evacuation. Other relevant departments shall be responsible for organizing construction of special works for medical aid and for storage of goods and materials. The relevant units shall be responsible for constructing works for sheltering their own employees, goods and materials.

第二十二条   城市新建民用建筑，按照国家有关规定修建战时可用于防空的地下室。

Article 22 Basements that may be used for air defense in time of war shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, be constructed in new buildings of cities for civil use.

第二十三条   人民防空工程建设的设计、施工、质量必须符合国家规定的防护标准和质量标准。人民防空工程专用设备的定型、生产必须符合国家规定的标准。

Article 23 The design, construction and quality of civil air defense works must conform to the protection and quality standards established by the State. The final design and manufacture of special equipment for civil air defense works must conform to the standards established by the State.

第二十四条   县级以上人民政府有关部门对人民防空工程所需的建设用地应当依法予以保障；对人民防空工程连接城市的道路、供电、供热、供水、排水、通信等系统的设施建设，应当提供必要的条件。

Article 24 The relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with law, guarantee the land needed for construction of civil air defense works, and provide the necessary conditions for constructing civil air defense works that connect such infrastructures as roads, power supply, heat supply, water supply and drainage and communications systems in urban areas.

第二十五条   人民防空主管部门对人民防空工程的维护管理进行监督检查。公用的人民防空工程的维护管理由人民防空主管部门负责。有关单位应当按照国家规定对已经修建或者使用的人民防空工程进行维护管理，使其保持良好使用状态。

Article 25 The competent departments for civil air defense shall oversee and inspect the maintenance and management of civil air defense works. The competent departments for civil air defense shall be responsible for the maintenance and management of civil air defense for public use. The relevant units shall in accordance with State regulations, maintain and manage civil air defense works already built or put to use, and keep them in good repair.

第二十六条   国家鼓励平时利用人民防空工程为经济建设和人民生活服务。平时利用人民防空工程，不得影响其防空效能。

Article 26 The State encourages peacetime use of civil air defense works for economic development and the daily lives of the people. However, such use may not impair their functions as air defense works.

第二十七条   任何组织或者个人不得进行影响人民防空工程使用或者降低人民防空工程防护能力的作业，不得向人民防空工程内排入废水、废气和倾倒废弃物，不得在人民防空工程内生产、储存爆炸、剧毒、易燃、放射性和腐蚀性物品。

Article 27 No organizations or individuals may conduct any operation that may impair the use of civil air defense works or weaken their protective capacities, discharge waste water or gas or dump waste material into any civil air defense works, or produce or store any explosives, hypertoxics, inflammables, radioactive substances or corrosives therein.

第二十八条   任何组织或者个人不得擅自拆除本法第二十一条规定的人民防空工程；确需拆除的，必须报经人民防空主管部门批准，并由拆除单位负责补建或者补偿。

Article 28 No organizations or individuals may without approval dismantle any civil air defense works as specified in Article 21 of this Law. Where it is truly necessary to dismantle such works, the matter must be reported to the competent department for civil air defense for approval, and the unit that dismantles the works shall be responsible for reconstruction or compensation.

第四章 通信和警报

Chapter 4 Communications and Warnings

第二十九条   国家保障人民防空通信、警报的畅通，以迅速准确地传递、发放防空警报信号，有效地组织、指挥人民防空。

Article 29 The State ensures unimpeded civil air defense communications and warning in order that air defense warning signals are promptly and accurately transmitted and sent out and civil air defense is effectively organized and directed.

第三十条   国家人民防空主管部门负责制定全国的人民防空通信、警报建设规划，组织全国的人民防空通信、警报网的建设和管理。县级以上地方各级人民政府人民防空主管部门负责制定本行政区域的人民防空通信、警报建设规划，组织本行政区域人民防空通信、警报网的建设和管理。

Article 30 The competent national department for civil air defense shall be responsible for working out national plans of construction projects for civil air defense communications and warning and organizing the establishment and management of the national network of civil air defense communications and warning. The competent departments for civil air defense of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for working out plans of construction projects for civil air defense communications and warning in their administrative areas and organizing the establishment and management of their local networks of civil air defense communications and warning.

第三十一条   邮电部门、军队通信部门和人民防空主管部门应当按照国家规定的任务和人民防空通信、警报建设规划，对人民防空通信实施保障。

Article 31 Post and telecommunications departments, military communications departments and competent departments for civil air defense shall guarantee civil air defense communications by way of fulfilling their respective tasks prescribed by the State and carrying out the plans of construction projects for civil air defense communications and warning.

第三十二条   人民防空主管部门建设通信、警报网所需的电路、频率，邮电部门、军队通信部门、无线电管理机构应当予以保障；安装人民防空通信、警报设施，有关单位或者个人应当提供方便条件，不得阻挠。国家用于人民防空通信的专用频率和防空警报音响信号，任何组织或者个人不得占用、混同。

Article 32 Post and telecommunications departments, military communications departments and radio administration authorities shall guarantee provision of the circuits and frequency required by the competent departments for civil air defense in establishing communications and warning networks, the relevant units and individuals shall provide convenience for installation of facilities of civil air defense communications and warning, and may not obstruct it. No organizations or individuals may use the same frequency or the same acoustic signals as those specially used by the State for civil air defense communications or air defense warning.

第三十三条   通信、广播、电视系统，战时必须优先传递、发放防空警报信号。

Article 33 In time of war, the communications, broadcasting and television systems must give first priority to the transmission and sending out of air defense warning signals.

第三十四条   军队有关部门应当向人民防空主管部门通报空中情报，协助训练有关专业人员。

Article 34 The relevant military departments shall communicate air intelligence to the competent departments for civil air defense and assist the latter in training special personnel in this field.

第三十五条   人民防空通信、警报设施必须保持良好使用状态。设置在有关单位的人民防空警报设施，由其所在单位维护管理，不得擅自拆除。县级以上地方各级人民政府根据需要可以组织试鸣防空警报；并在试鸣的五日以前发布公告。

Article 35 All facilities for civil air defense communications and warning must be kept in good repair. Civil air defense warning facilities shall be maintained and controlled by the units in which they are installed and may not be dismantled without approval. When necessary, the local people's governments at or above the county level may organize trial air defense warning and shall make it known to the public five days before the trial.

第三十六条   人民防空通信、警报设施平时应当为抢险救灾服务。

Article 36 In time of peace, all facilities for civil air defense communications and warning shall be used in cases of emergency and disaster.

第五章 疏散

Chapter 5 Evacuation

第三十七条   人民防空疏散由县级以上人民政府统一组织。人民防空疏散必须根据国家发布的命令实施，任何组织不得擅自行动。

Article 37 Civil air defense evacuation shall be directed in a unified manner by the people's governments at or above the county level. Civil air defense evacuation must be carried out in accordance with the order issued by the State. No organization may go into action without such order.

第三十八条   城市人民防空疏散计划，由县级以上人民政府根据需要组织有关部门制定。预定的疏散地区，在本行政区域内的，由本级人民政府确定；跨越本行政区域的，由上一级人民政府确定。

Article 38 People's governments at or above the county level shall organize relevant departments to formulate plans for urban civil air defense evacuation according to need. Evacuation zones shall be predetermined by the people's government of the administrative area where such zones are located, if the zones extend to cover two or more administrative areas, they shall be predetermined by the people's government at the next higher level.

第三十九条   县级以上人民政府应当组织有关部门和单位，做好城市疏散人口安置和物资储运、供应的准备工作。

Article 39 People's governments at or above the county level shall organize relevant departments and units to make ample preparations for arrangement of the urban population to be evacuated and for storage, transport and supply of goods and materials.

第四十条   农村人口在有必要疏散时，由当地人民政府按照就近的原则组织实施。

Article 40 Where it is necessary to evacuate rural population, the local people's government shall have them evacuated to nearby places, which should be adhered to as a principle.

第六章 群众防空组织

Chapter 6 Mass Organizations for Air Defense

第四十一条   县级以上地方各级人民政府应当根据人民防空的需要，组织有关部门建立群众防空组织。群众防空组织战时担负抢险抢修、医疗救护、防火灭火、防疫灭菌、消毒和消除沾染、保障通信联络、抢救人员和抢运物资、维护社会治安等任务，平时应当协助防汛、防震等部门担负抢险救灾任务。

Article 41 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in light of the need of civil air defense, have relevant departments establish mass organizations for air defense. The tasks to be performed by mass organizations for air defense in time of war include dealing with emergencies, doing rush repairs, providing medical aid, preventing and extinguishing fire, engaging in epidemic prevention, disinfection and sterilization, eliminating contamination, ensuring signal communications, rescuing people, doing emergency transportation of goods and materials and maintaining public order, and in time of peace they shall assist the departments for fighting against floods and earthquakes in dealing with emergencies and doing disaster relief.

第四十二条   群众防空组织由下列部门负责组建：

Article 42 The following departments shall be responsible for organizing mass organizations for air defense:

（一）城建、公用、电力等部门组建抢险抢修队；

1. The departments for urban construction, public utilities and power supply shall organize teams to deal with emergencies and do rush repairs;

（二）卫生、医药部门组建医疗救护队；

(II) Public health and medical departments shall organize medical aid teams;

（三）公安部门组建消防队、治安队；

(III) Public security departments shall organize fire brigades and public security teams;

（四）卫生、化工、环保等部门组建防化防疫队；

(IV) The departments for public health, chemical industry and environmental protection shall organize anti-chemical and anti-epidemic teams;

（五）邮电部门组建通信队；

(V) The post and telecommunications departments shall organize communications teams;

（六）交通运输部门组建运输队。红十字会组织依法进行救护工作。

(VI) Transport departments shall organize transportation teams. The Red Cross Society shall carry out the rescue work by law.

第四十三条   群众防空组织所需装备、器材和经费由人民防空主管部门和组建单位提供。

Article 43 The equipment, apparatus and funds needed by mass organizations for air defense shall be provided by competent departments for civil air defense and the units that organize them.

第四十四条   群众防空组织应当根据人民防空主管部门制定的训练大纲和训练计划进行专业训练。

Article 44 Mass organizations for air defense shall carry out specialized training in accordance with the training program and plans formulated by the competent departments for civil air defense.

第七章 人民防空教育

Chapter 7 Education in Civil Air Defense

第四十五条   国家开展人民防空教育，使公民增强国防观念，掌握人民防空的基本知识和技能。

Article 45 The State develops civil air defense education to help citizens enhance their awareness of the importance of national defense and acquire the basic knowledge and skills of civil air defense.

第四十六条   国家人民防空主管部门负责组织制定人民防空教育计划，规定教育内容。在校学生的人民防空教育，由各级教育主管部门和人民防空主管部门组织实施。国家机关、社会团体、企业事业组织人员的人民防空教育，由所在单位组织实施；其他人员的人民防空教育，由城乡基层人民政府组织实施。

Article 46 The competent national department for civil air defense shall be responsible for organizing and formulating civil air defense education plans and specifying the contents for such education. The competent education departments and the competent departments for civil air defense at various levels shall arrange civil air defense education among students at school. Civil air defense education for the personnel of State organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions shall be arranged by the units to which they belong; and such education for other persons shall be arranged by urban and rural people's governments at the grassroots level.

第四十七条   新闻、出版、广播、电影、电视、文化等有关部门应当协助开展人民防空教育。

Article 47 The relevant departments for the press, publishing, radio, film, television and culture shall assist in developing civil air defense education.

第八章 法律责任

Chapter 8 Legal Liabilities

第四十八条   城市新建民用建筑，违反国家有关规定不修建战时可用于防空的地下室的，由县级以上人民政府人民防空主管部门对当事人给予警告，并责令限期修建，可以并处十万元以下的罚款。

Article 48 A party that, in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, fails to construct, in its newly-constructed building for civil use in an urban area, a basement to be used for air defense in time of war shall be given a disciplinary warning by the competent department for civil air defense of the people's government at or above the county level and be ordered to build it within a time limit, and may also be fined not more than 100,000 yuan.

第四十九条   有下列行为之一的，由县级以上人民政府人民防空主管部门对当事人给予警告，并责令限期改正违法行为，可以对个人并处五千元以下的罚款、对单位并处一万元至五万元的罚款；造成损失的，应当依法赔偿损失：

Article 49 A party that commits any of the following acts shall be given a disciplinary warning by the competent department for civil air defense of the people's government at or above the county level and be ordered to set it right within a time limit, and in the case of an individual a fine of not more than 5,000 may also be imposed on him and in the case of a unit a fine ranging from 10,000 to 50,000 yuan may also be imposed on it; the party shall be liable for the losses according to law, if any:

（一）侵占人民防空工程的；

1. occupying civil air defense works;

（二）不按照国家规定的防护标准和质量标准修建人民防空工程的；

2. failing to construct civil air defense works in conformity with the protection standards and quality standards established by the State;

（三）违反国家有关规定，改变人民防空工程主体结构、拆除人民防空工程设备设施或者采用其他方法危害人民防空工程的安全和使用效能的；

3. altering, in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, the major structure of civil air defense works, dismantling equipment or facilities for such works or endangering the safety or impairing the functions of the works by any other means;

（四）拆除人民防空工程后拒不补建的；

(IV) refusing to reconstruct the civil air defense works that were dismantled;

（五）占用人民防空通信专用频率、使用与防空警报相同的音响信号或者擅自拆除人民防空通信、警报设备设施的；

(V) using the special frequency for civil air defense communications or the same acoustic signals as those used for air defense warning or dismantling, without authorization, equipment or facilities for civil air defense communications and warning; and

（六）阻挠安装人民防空通信、警报设施，拒不改正的；

(VI) obstructing the installation of facilities of civil air defense communications and warning and refusing to rectify; or

（七）向人民防空工程内排入废水、废气或者倾倒废弃物的。

(VII) discharging waste water or gas or dumping waste material into civil air defense works.

第五十条   违反本法规定，故意损坏人民防空设施或者在人民防空工程内生产、储存爆炸、剧毒、易燃、放射性等危险品，尚不构成犯罪的，依照治安管理处罚法的有关规定处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 50 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, intentionally damages civil air defense facilities or produces or stores in civil air defense works such hazards as explosives, hypertoxics, inflammables or radioactive substances, shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law on Administrative Penalties for Public Security if the violation does not constitute a crime; otherwise, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

第五十一条   人民防空主管部门的工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊或者有其他违法、失职行为构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。

Article 51 Any member of the competent departments for civil air defense who neglects his duty, abuses his power, conducts malpractices for personal gain, or commits any other violations or negligence, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law if the case constitutes a crime; otherwise, he shall be subjected to administrative sanction according to law.

第九章 附 则

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

第五十二条   省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会可以根据本法制定实施办法。

Article 52 The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in accordance with this Law, formulate measures for its implementation.

第五十三条   本法自1997年1月1日起施行。

Article 53 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 1997.