法律文本

中华人民共和国气象法（2016修正）

Meteorology Law of the People's Republic of China (Revision 2016)

（1999年10月31日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过 根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改部分法律的决定》第一次修正 根据2014年8月31日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国保险法〉等五部法律的决定》第二次修正 根据2016年11月7日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国对外贸易法〉等十二部法律的决定》第三次修正）

(Adopted at the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on October 31, 1999; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws passed at the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 27, 2009; amended for the second time according to the Decision on Revising the Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China and Four Other Laws passed at the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on August 31, 2014; and amended for the third time according to the Decision on Revising Twelve Laws including the Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China passed at the 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on November 7, 2016)

第一章 总则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为了发展气象事业，规范气象工作，准确、及时地发布气象预报，防御气象灾害，合理开发利用和保护气候资源，为经济建设、国防建设、社会发展和人民生活提供气象服务，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of developing meteorological service, standardizing meteorological activities, ensuring the accurate and timely issue of meteorological forecast, preventing meteorological disasters, properly exploiting and effectively protecting climatic resources, and providing meteorological services for economic development, national defense, social development and people's well-being.

第二条   在中华人民共和国领域和中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域从事气象探测、预报、服务和气象灾害防御、气候资源利用、气象科学技术研究等活动，应当遵守本法。

Article 2 This Law shall be observed by units and individuals that engage in meteorological observation, forecasting, services, prevention of meteorological disasters, exploitation of climatic resources and research in meteorological science and technology, which are carried out in the territory of the People's Republic of China and the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.

第三条   气象事业是经济建设、国防建设、社会发展和人民生活的基础性公益事业，气象工作应当把公益性气象服务放在首位。

Article 3 Meteorological service is a basic public welfare service for economic development, national defense, social development and people's wellbeing. Public welfare meteorological services shall be the first priority in meteorological work.

县级以上人民政府应当加强对气象工作的领导和协调，将气象事业纳入中央和地方同级国民经济和社会发展计划及财政预算，以保障其充分发挥为社会公众、政府决策和经济发展服务的功能。

People's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen their leadership over and coordination of meteorological activities, and incorporate meteorological service into the national economic and social development plans and fiscal budgets of the central and local governments in order to ensure their full function in the service of the general public, in government decision-making and in economic development.

县级以上地方人民政府根据当地社会经济发展的需要所建设的地方气象事业项目，其投资主要由本级财政承担。

Local meteorological projects initiated by local people's governments at or above the county level to meet the needs of local social and economic development shall mainly be financed by the said governments themselves.

气象台站在确保公益性气象无偿服务的前提下，可以依法开展气象有偿服务。

On condition that unpaid public welfare meteorological services are guaranteed, meteorological offices and stations may provide paid meteorological services in accordance with law.

第四条   县、市气象主管机构所属的气象台站应当主要为农业生产服务，及时主动提供保障当地农业生产所需的公益性气象信息服务。

Article 4 Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments of counties or cities shall chiefly serve agricultural production, providing, on their own initiative and in a timely manner, public welfare meteorological information services needed by local agricultural production.

第五条   国务院气象主管机构负责全国的气象工作。地方各级气象主管机构在上级气象主管机构和本级人民政府的领导下，负责本行政区域内的气象工作。

Article 5 The competent meteorological department under the State Council is responsible for meteorological work nationwide. Local competent meteorological departments at different levels are responsible for meteorological work in their own administrative regions under the leadership of the competent meteorological departments at a higher level and the people's governments at the corresponding level.

国务院其他有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府其他有关部门所属的气象台站，应当接受同级气象主管机构对其气象工作的指导、监督和行业管理。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the other relevant departments under the State Council or under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be subject to guidance, supervision and professional management by the competent meteorological departments at the same level.

第六条   从事气象业务活动，应当遵守国家制定的气象技术标准、规范和规程。

Article 6 Units and individuals that engage in meteorological activities shall comply with the meteorological technical standards, rules and regulations formulated by the State.

第七条   国家鼓励和支持气象科学技术研究、气象科学知识普及，培养气象人才，推广先进的气象科学技术，保护气象科技成果，加强国际气象合作与交流，发展气象信息产业，提高气象工作水平。

Article 7 The State encourages and supports research in and popularization of meteorological science and technology, trains meteorological professionals, spreads the use of advanced meteorological science and technology, protects the achievements scored in meteorological science and technology, increases international cooperation and exchange in the field of meteorology and develops the meteorological information industry, all in order to improve meteorological work.

各级人民政府应当关心和支持少数民族地区、边远贫困地区、艰苦地区和海岛的气象台站的建设和运行。

People's governments at various levels shall pay attention to and support the construction and operation of the meteorological offices and stations in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, in outlying and poverty-stricken areas, in areas where life is hard, and on islands.

对在气象工作中做出突出贡献的单位和个人，给予奖励。

Units and individuals that make outstanding contributions in meteorological work shall be rewarded.

第八条   外国的组织和个人在中华人民共和国领域和中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域从事气象活动，必须经国务院气象主管机构会同有关部门批准。

Article 8 Meteorological activities that organizations and individuals of other countries wish to conduct in the territory of the People's Republic of China and the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall be subject to approval by the competent meteorological department under the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments.

第二章 气象设施的建设与管理

Chapter 2 Construction and Management of Meteorological Facilities

第九条   国务院气象主管机构应当组织有关部门编制气象探测设施、气象信息专用传输设施、大型气象专用技术装备等重要气象设施的建设规划，报国务院批准后实施。气象设施建设规划的调整、修改，必须报国务院批准。

Article 9 The competent meteorological department under the State Council shall make arrangements for relevant departments to work out plans for the construction of key meteorological facilities including meteorological observation instrumentation, transmission devices dedicated to meteorological information and specialized large meteorological equipment. These plans shall be submitted to the State Council for approval before they are implemented. Any readjustment or modification of the plans shall be submitted to the State Council for approval.

编制气象设施建设规划，应当遵循合理布局、有效利用、兼顾当前与长远需要的原则，避免重复建设。

Plans for the construction of meteorological facilities shall be drawn up in conformity with the principles of a reasonable layout, efficient utilization, and full consideration of both immediate and future needs, so as to avoid duplicated construction.

第十条   重要气象设施建设项目应当符合重要气象设施建设规划要求，并在项目建议书和可行性研究报告批准前，征求国务院气象主管机构或者省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构的意见。

Article 10 The construction of key meteorological facility projects shall comply with the requirements for the construction plan of important meteorological facilities and before the proposals and feasibility reports for the construction of key meteorological facility projects are submitted for approval, the opinions of the competent meteorological department under the State Council or the competent meteorological departments of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be solicited.

第十一条   国家依法保护气象设施，任何组织或者个人不得侵占、损毁或者擅自移动气象设施。

Article 11 The State protects meteorological facilities in accordance with law. No organizations or individuals may seize, damage or destroy meteorological facilities, or relocate them without authorization.

气象设施因不可抗力遭受破坏时，当地人民政府应当采取紧急措施，组织力量修复，确保气象设施正常运行。

In cases where meteorological facilities are damaged or destroyed due to force majeure, the local people's governments shall take emergency measures to have them repaired or replaced, in order to ensure their normal operation.

第十二条   未经依法批准，任何组织或者个人不得迁移气象台站；确因实施城市规划或者国家重点工程建设，需要迁移国家基准气候站、基本气象站的，应当报经国务院气象主管机构批准；需要迁移其他气象台站的，应当报经省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构批准。迁建费用由建设单位承担。

Article 12 No organizations or individuals may relocate meteorological offices or stations without legal approval. Where it is definitely necessary to relocate any national reference climatological stations or basic synoptic stations for the implementation of city planning or the construction of key national projects, the matter shall be subject to approval by the competent meteorological department under the State Council. Where it is necessary to relocate other meteorological offices or stations, the matter shall be subject to approval by the competent meteorological department of a province, autonomous region or centrally-administered municipality. The owner shall bear the removal costs.

第十三条   气象专用技术装备应当符合国务院气象主管机构规定的技术要求，并经国务院气象主管机构审查合格；未经审查或者审查不合格的，不得在气象业务中使用。

Article 13 Specialized meteorological equipment shall meet the technical requirements specified by the competent meteorological department under the State Council and shall be subject to examination by the said department and its acceptance as qualified. No equipment that is not examined or accepted as qualified may be applied to meteorological operations.

第十四条   气象计量器具应当依照《中华人民共和国计量法》的有关规定，经气象计量检定机构检定。未经检定、检定不合格或者超过检定有效期的气象计量器具，不得使用。

Article 14 Instruments for meteorological measurement shall be subject to verification by the institutions for verification of such instruments in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China. No meteorological measurement instruments that are not verified, that are disqualified, or whose terms of validity have expired may be used.

国务院气象主管机构和省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构可以根据需要建立气象计量标准器具，其各项最高计量标准器具依照《中华人民共和国计量法》的规定，经考核合格后，方可使用。

The competent meteorological department under the State Council and the competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, where necessary, introduce standard instruments for meteorological measuring. The highest standard for each kind of measuring instruments shall be put into use only after it is tested and found to be qualified in accordance with the provisions of the Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China.

第三章 气象探测

Chapter 3 Meteorological Observation

第十五条   各级气象主管机构所属的气象台站，应当按照国务院气象主管机构的规定，进行气象探测并向有关气象主管机构汇交气象探测资料。未经上级气象主管机构批准，不得中止气象探测。

Article 15 Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to competent meteorological departments at various levels shall, in accordance with the regulations set by the competent meteorological department under the State Council, take meteorological observation and report the collected data to the competent meteorological departments concerned. No meteorological observation may be discontinued without approval by the competent meteorological department at a higher level.

国务院气象主管机构及有关地方气象主管机构应当按照国家规定适时发布基本气象探测资料。

The competent meteorological department under the State Council and the local competent meteorological departments concerned shall, in accordance with relevant State regulations, release the observed basic meteorological data at appropriate intervals.

第十六条   国务院其他有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府其他有关部门所属的气象台站及其他从事气象探测的组织和个人，应当按照国家有关规定向国务院气象主管机构或者省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构汇交所获得的气象探测资料。

Article 16 Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to other relevant departments under the State Council or under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as other organizations or individuals that engage in meteorological observation shall, in accordance with relevant State regulations, report the observed meteorological data to the competent meteorological department under the State Council or to the competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government.

各级气象主管机构应当按照气象资料共享、共用的原则，根据国家有关规定，与其他从事气象工作的机构交换有关气象信息资料。

The competent meteorological departments at various levels shall, under the principles of sharing and joint use of meteorological data and in accordance with relevant State regulations, exchange relevant meteorological information with other units that engage in meteorological work.

第十七条   在中华人民共和国内水、领海和中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域的海上钻井平台和具有中华人民共和国国籍的在国际航线上飞行的航空器、远洋航行的船舶，应当按照国家有关规定进行气象探测并报告气象探测信息。

Article 17 All drilling platforms located in inland or territorial waters of the People's Republic of China or in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, and aircraft and ocean-going vessels of Chinese nationality navigating international lines shall, in accordance with relevant State regulations, take meteorological observation and report the observed data.

第十八条   基本气象探测资料以外的气象探测资料需要保密的，其密级的确定、变更和解密以及使用，依照《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》的规定执行。

Article 18 Where meteorological observation data other than the basic ones need to be kept secret, they shall be classified into different categories. The categories shall be altered and the data shall be declassified and used in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Guarding State Secrets.

第十九条   国家依法保护气象探测环境，任何组织和个人都有保护气象探测环境的义务。

Article 19 The State protects the environs for meteorological observation in accordance with law. All organizations and individuals shall have the obligation to protect such environs.

第二十条   禁止下列危害气象探测环境的行为：

Article 20 The following acts jeopardizing the environs for meteorological observation are prohibited:

（一）在气象探测环境保护范围内设置障碍物、进行爆破和采石；

1. placing obstacles or conducting explosion or quarry operations within a meteorological sounding environment protection scope;

（二）在气象探测环境保护范围内设置影响气象探测设施工作效能的高频电磁辐射装置；

2. installing, within the protected environs for meteorological observation, high-frequency electromagnetic radiation devices which impair the performance of the meteorological measuring instruments; and

（三）在气象探测环境保护范围内从事其他影响气象探测的行为。

(III) other acts that impair meteorological observation within the protected environs for such observation.

气象探测环境保护范围的划定标准由国务院气象主管机构规定。各级人民政府应当按照法定标准划定气象探测环境的保护范围，并纳入城市规划或者村庄和集镇规划。

The criteria for delimiting protected environs for meteorological observation shall be prescribed by the competent meteorological department under the State Council. People's governments at all levels shall, in accordance with the statutory criteria, delimit protected environs for meteorological observation and incorporate them into city planning or into village or town planning.

第二十一条   新建、扩建、改建建设工程，应当避免危害气象探测环境；确实无法避免的，建设单位应当事先征得省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构的同意，并采取相应的措施后，方可建设。

Article 21 When building, expanding or renovating construction projects, the constructors shall avoid jeopardizing the environs for meteorological observation. Where it is really impossible to avoid jeopardizing the observation environs, the constructors shall first ask for permission of the competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government. No construction may be started until appropriate measures are taken.

第四章 气象预报与灾害性天气警报

Chapter 4 Weather Forecast and Disastrous Weather Warning

第二十二条   国家对公众气象预报和灾害性天气警报实行统一发布制度。

Article 22 The State applies a unified system for the issue of public meteorological forecast and severe weather warning.

各级气象主管机构所属的气象台站应当按照职责向社会发布公众气象预报和灾害性天气警报，并根据天气变化情况及时补充或者订正。其他任何组织或者个人不得向社会发布公众气象预报和灾害性天气警报。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments at different levels shall, in compliance with their functions and duties, issue to the community public meteorological forecast and severe weather warning, with timely supplements or corrections added as the weather changes. No other organizations or individuals may issue to the community such forecast or warning.

国务院其他有关部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府其他有关部门所属的气象台站，可以发布供本系统使用的专项气象预报。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to other relevant departments under the State Council or under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government may issue specialized meteorological forecast to be used within the framework of their departments.

各级气象主管机构及其所属的气象台站应当提高公众气象预报和灾害性天气警报的准确性、及时性和服务水平。

The competent meteorological departments at different levels and the meteorological offices and stations subordinate to them shall issue public meteorological forecast and severe weather warning with improved accuracy, timeliness and service.

第二十三条   各级气象主管机构所属的气象台站应当根据需要，发布农业气象预报、城市环境气象预报、火险气象等级预报等专业气象预报，并配合军事气象部门进行国防建设所需的气象服务工作。

Article 23 Where necessary, meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments at various levels shall issue specialized meteorological forecasts for agriculture, urban environment, classified fire-risks, etc. and shall provide meteorological services in cooperation with the military meteorological department to meet the need of national defense.

第二十四条   各级广播、电视台站和省级人民政府指定的报纸，应当安排专门的时间或者版面，每天播发或者刊登公众气象预报或者灾害性天气警报。

Article 24 Radio and television stations at various levels and newspapers designated by people's governments at the provincial level shall arrange particular timeslots or space every day for public meteorological forecast and/or severe weather warning.

各级气象主管机构所属的气象台站应当保证其制作的气象预报节目的质量。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments at various levels shall guarantee the quality of the meteorological forecast programs they have prepared.

广播、电视播出单位改变气象预报节目播发时间安排的，应当事先征得有关气象台站的同意；对国计民生可能产生重大影响的灾害性天气警报和补充、订正的气象预报，应当及时增播或者插播。

Before making any changes in the timeslots for broadcasting meteorological forecast, the radio and television stations shall first seek consent of the meteorological offices or stations concerned. Any severe weather warning or supplementary or corrected forecast that has a vital bearing on the national economy and people's wellbeing shall promptly be added or inserted into other ongoing programs.

第二十五条   广播、电视、报纸、电信等媒体向社会传播气象预报和灾害性天气警报，必须使用气象主管机构所属的气象台站提供的适时气象信息，并标明发布时间和气象台站的名称。通过传播气象信息获得的收益，应当提取一部分支持气象事业的发展。

Article 25 When the media, including radio, television, newspaper and telecommunication, issue to the community public meteorological forecast or severe weather warning, they shall use the latest meteorological information provided by a meteorological office or station subordinate to a competent meteorological department, while indicating the time of issue and the name of the office or station. Part of the revenues from the distribution of meteorological information shall be drawn to support the development of meteorological service.

第二十六条   信息产业部门应当与气象主管机构密切配合，确保气象通信畅通，准确、及时地传递气象情报、气象预报和灾害性天气警报。

Article 26 Information industry departments shall work closely with the competent meteorological departments to ensure unblocked meteorological telecommunication for the accurate and timely dissemination of meteorological information, forecast and severe weather warning.

气象无线电专用频道和信道受国家保护，任何组织或者个人不得挤占和干扰。

Wireless frequencies and channels specified for meteorological use are protected by the State. No organizations or individuals may occupy or interfere with them.

第五章 气象灾害防御

Chapter 5 Prevention of Meteorological Disasters

第二十七条   县级以上人民政府应当加强气象灾害监测、预警系统建设，组织有关部门编制气象灾害防御规划，并采取有效措施，提高防御气象灾害的能力。有关组织和个人应当服从人民政府的指挥和安排，做好气象灾害防御工作。

Article 27 People's governments at or above the county level shall improve their monitoring and warning systems for meteorological disasters, make arrangements for relevant departments to work out plans for prevention of meteorological disasters, and take effective measures to increase the capability of preventing such disasters. Relevant organizations and individuals shall comply with the directions given and arrangements made by the people's governments, and shall make a success of prevention meteorological disasters.

第二十八条   各级气象主管机构应当组织对重大灾害性天气的跨地区、跨部门的联合监测、预报工作，及时提出气象灾害防御措施，并对重大气象灾害作出评估，为本级人民政府组织防御气象灾害提供决策依据。

Article 28 Competent meteorological departments at all levels shall make arrangements for joint monitoring and forecast of major weather events among regions or departments, propose timely measures for preventing meteorological disasters and make assessment of severe weather disasters, which shall serve as the decision-making basis for the people's governments at the corresponding levels to arrange prevention of meteorological disasters.

各级气象主管机构所属的气象台站应当加强对可能影响当地的灾害性天气的监测和预报，并及时报告有关气象主管机构。其他有关部门所属的气象台站和与灾害性天气监测、预报有关的单位应当及时向气象主管机构提供监测、预报气象灾害所需要的气象探测信息和有关的水情、风暴潮等监测信息。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments at various levels shall improve their monitoring and forecast of severe weathers which may adversely affect the local community, and promptly report to the competent meteorological departments concerned. The meteorological offices and stations subordinate to other departments and the units related to the monitoring and forecast of severe weathers shall, without delay, provide the competent meteorological departments with the observed meteorological information and the monitored information on hydrological conditions, storm surge, etc. that are needed for the monitoring and forecasting of severe weather.

第二十九条   县级以上地方人民政府应当根据防御气象灾害的需要，制定气象灾害防御方案，并根据气象主管机构提供的气象信息，组织实施气象灾害防御方案，避免或者减轻气象灾害。

Article 29 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in light of the need for preventing meteorological disasters, work out plans for the purpose and, on the basis of the meteorological information provided by the competent meteorological departments, make arrangements for carrying out such plans, in order to avert or mitigate meteorological disasters.

第三十条   县级以上人民政府应当加强对人工影响天气工作的领导，并根据实际情况，有组织、有计划地开展人工影响天气工作。

Article 30 People's governments at or above the county level shall enhance their leadership over weather modification and, in light of actual conditions, carry out work in this field in an organized and planned way.

国务院气象主管机构应当加强对全国人工影响天气工作的管理和指导。地方各级气象主管机构应当制定人工影响天气作业方案，并在本级人民政府的领导和协调下，管理、指导和组织实施人工影响天气作业。有关部门应当按照职责分工，配合气象主管机构做好人工影响天气的有关工作。

The competent meteorological department under the State Council shall improve its administration of and guidance for weather modification throughout the country. Local competent meteorological departments at all levels shall make plans for weather modification operations and, under the leadership and coordination of the people's governments at the corresponding levels, administer, guide and arrange for such operations. Relevant departments shall, in compliance with their functions and duties and division of responsibilities, cooperate with the competent meteorological departments in weather modification.

实施人工影响天气作业的组织必须具备省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构规定的条件，并使用符合国务院气象主管机构要求的技术标准的作业设备，遵守作业规范。

Organizations engaging in weather modification operations shall meet the conditions prescribed by the competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, use the operational equipment which meets the specifications set by the competent meteorological department under the State Council, and conform to the operational rules.

第三十一条   各级气象主管机构应当加强对雷电灾害防御工作的组织管理，并会同有关部门指导对可能遭受雷击的建筑物、构筑物和其他设施安装的雷电灾害防护装置的检测工作。

Article 31 Competent meteorological departments at various levels shall strengthen the organization and management of preventive efforts against disasters caused by thunderstorm and lightning, and, together with other relevant authorities, inspect the lightning protection devices installed on the buildings, structures and other facilities likely to be struck by lightning.

安装的雷电灾害防护装置应当符合国务院气象主管机构规定的使用要求。

The installed lightning protection devices shall meet the operational specifications set by the competent meteorological department under the State Council.

第六章 气候资源开发利用和保护

Chapter 6 Exploitation and Protection of Climatic Resources

第三十二条   国务院气象主管机构负责全国气候资源的综合调查、区划工作，组织进行气候监测、分析、评价，并对可能引起气候恶化的大气成分进行监测，定期发布全国气候状况公报。

Article 32 The competent meteorological department under the State Council is in charge of the overall survey and zoning of climatic resources nationwide, coordinates efforts in climate monitoring, analysis and assessment and in the monitoring of the atmosphere composition that may cause climate deterioration, and issues, at regular intervals, bulletins on climatic status.

第三十三条   县级以上地方人民政府应当根据本地区气候资源的特点，对气候资源开发利用的方向和保护的重点作出规划。

Article 33 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in light of the characteristics of the local climatic resources, draw up plans for the fields of endeavor in which to exploit the climatic resources and for the key climatic resources to be protected.

地方各级气象主管机构应当根据本级人民政府的规划，向本级人民政府和同级有关部门提出利用、保护气候资源和推广应用气候资源区划等成果的建议。

Local competent meteorological departments shall, on the basis of the plans drawn up by the people's governments at the corresponding levels, make proposals to the said people's governments and relevant departments at the corresponding levels regarding the exploitation and protection of climatic resources and the extensive application of positive results yielded from the zoning of climatic resources.

第三十四条   各级气象主管机构应当组织对城市规划、国家重点建设工程、重大区域性经济开发项目和大型太阳能、风能等气候资源开发利用项目进行气候可行性论证。

Article 34 Competent meteorological departments at different levels shall arrange for climatic feasibility studies relating to city planning, key national construction projects, major regional economic development projects and large projects for the exploitation of climatic resources such as solar and wind energy.

具有大气环境影响评价资质的单位进行工程建设项目大气环境影响评价时，应当使用符合国家气象技术标准的气象资料。

When assessing the impacts of construction projects on atmospheric environment, the units that are qualified for making such assessment shall use the meteorological data that conforms to national meteorological technical standards.

第七章 法律责任

Chapter 7 Legal Liabilities

第三十五条   违反本法规定，有下列行为之一的，由有关气象主管机构按照权限责令停止违法行为，限期恢复原状或者采取其他补救措施，可以并处五万元以下的罚款；造成损失的，依法承担赔偿责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：

Article 35 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits one of the following acts shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department within the limits of its authority to discontinue the violation and put the facilities and environs back to their former state or take other remedial measures within a time limit, and it/he may be fined not more than CNY50,000. If losses are caused, the violator shall bear the compensation responsibility in accordance with law. If the violation constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law:

（一）侵占、损毁或者未经批准擅自移动气象设施的；

1. seizing, damaging, destroying, or relocating without approval meteorological facilities; or

（二）在气象探测环境保护范围内从事危害气象探测环境活动的。

(II) engaging in activities within the limits of the protected environs for meteorological observation, to the detriment of the environs.

在气象探测环境保护范围内，违法批准占用土地的，或者非法占用土地新建建筑物或者其他设施的，依照《中华人民共和国城乡规划法》或者《中华人民共和国土地管理法》的有关规定处罚。

Any unit or individual that illegally approves the occupation of land within the limits of the protected environs for meteorological observation or that erects buildings or installations on illegally occupied land within the said limits shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Urban and Rural Planning or the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China.

第三十六条   违反本法规定，使用不符合技术要求的气象专用技术装备，造成危害的，由有关气象主管机构按照权限责令改正，给予警告，可以并处五万元以下的罚款。

Article 36 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, causes harm by employing specialized equipment which does not meet the technical specifications shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department within the limits of its authority to make rectification and be given a disciplinary warning and may also be fined not more than 50,000 yuan.

第三十七条   违反本法规定，安装不符合使用要求的雷电灾害防护装置的，由有关气象主管机构责令改正，给予警告。使用不符合使用要求的雷电灾害防护装置给他人造成损失的，依法承担赔偿责任。

Article 37 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, installs lightning protection devices which do not meet the operational specifications shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department to make rectification and be given a disciplinary warning. If by using such devices it/he causes losses to others, it/he shall bear compensation responsibility in accordance with law.

第三十八条   违反本法规定，有下列行为之一的，由有关气象主管机构按照权限责令改正，给予警告，可以并处五万元以下的罚款：

Article 38 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits one of the following acts shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department within the limits of its authority to make rectification and be given a disciplinary warning and may also be fined not more than CNY50,000:

（一）非法向社会发布公众气象预报、灾害性天气警报的；

1. a unit or individual that unlawfully issues to the community public meteorological forecast or severe weather warning;

（二）广播、电视、报纸、电信等媒体向社会传播公众气象预报、灾害性天气警报，不使用气象主管机构所属的气象台站提供的适时气象信息的；

2. when distributing to the community public meteorological forecast or severe weather warning, the media including radio, television, newspaper and telecommunication fail to use the latest meteorological information provided by the meteorological offices or stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments; or

（三）从事大气环境影响评价的单位进行工程建设项目大气环境影响评价时，使用的气象资料不符合国家气象技术标准的。

(III) while assessing the impact of construction projects on the atmosphere, the unit that is in charge of making such assessment fails to use the meteorological data in line with national meteorological technical standards.

第三十九条   违反本法规定，不具备省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构规定的条件实施人工影响天气作业的，或者实施人工影响天气作业使用不符合国务院气象主管机构要求的技术标准的作业设备的，由有关气象主管机构按照权限责令改正，给予警告，可以并处十万元以下的罚款；给他人造成损失的，依法承担赔偿责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 39 In violation of the provisions of this Law, when carrying out weather modification operations, the organization that does not meet the conditions prescribed by the competent meteorological department of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government conducts weather modification operations or, when doing so, uses the equipment which does not meet the technical specifications set by the competent meteorological department under the State Council shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department within the limits of its authority to make rectification and be given a disciplinary warning and may also be fined not more than 100,000 yuan. If it causes losses to others, it shall bear compensation responsibility in accordance with law. If the violation constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.

第四十条   各级气象主管机构及其所属气象台站的工作人员由于玩忽职守，导致重大漏报、错报公众气象预报、灾害性天气警报，以及丢失或者毁坏原始气象探测资料、伪造气象资料等事故的，依法给予行政处分；致使国家利益和人民生命财产遭受重大损失，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 40 Staff members working in the competent meteorological departments at different levels or meteorological offices or stations subordinate to the departments who neglect their duties and consequently fail to make important public meteorological forecast or send out severe weather warning, or make wrong forecast or send out warning, or who lose or damage the raw meteorological observation data or fabricate meteorological data shall be given administrative sanctions in accordance with law. If they cause heavy losses to State interests or people's lives or property, which is serious enough to constitute a crime, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

第八章 附则

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第四十一条   本法中下列用语的含义是：

Article 41 For the purpose of this Law, the definitions of the following terms are:

（一）气象设施，是指气象探测设施、气象信息专用传输设施、大型气象专用技术装备等。

1. meteorological facilities include meteorological observation instrumentation, transmission devices dedicated to meteorological information and specialized large meteorological equipment.

（二）气象探测，是指利用科技手段对大气和近地层的大气物理过程、现象及其化学性质等进行的系统观察和测量。

(II) meteorological observation means systematic observation and measurement of the atmospheric physical processes, phenomena and chemical properties in the atmosphere and surface layer by scientific and technological means.

（三）气象探测环境，是指为避开各种干扰保证气象探测设施准确获得气象探测信息所必需的最小距离构成的环境空间。

(III) Environs for meteorological observation mean the minimum surrounding space away from any interference, a space that is essential for ensured acquisition of accurate meteorological observation information by means of observation facilities.

（四）气象灾害，是指台风、暴雨（雪）、寒潮、大风（沙尘暴）、低温、高温、干旱、雷电、冰雹、霜冻和大雾等所造成的灾害。

(IV) Meteorological disasters include disasters caused by typhoon, rainstorm (snowstorm), cold wave, strong wind (sandstorm and duststorm), low temperature, high temperature, drought, thunder and lightning, hail, frost and fog.

（五）人工影响天气，是指为避免或者减轻气象灾害，合理利用气候资源，在适当条件下通过科技手段对局部大气的物理、化学过程进行人工影响，实现增雨雪、防雹、消雨、消雾、防霜等目的的活动。

(V) weather modification refers to efforts aimed at rain or snow enhancement, hail suppression, rain suppression, fog dispersal, frost prevention by exerting, under appropriate conditions, artificial influence on local atmospheric physical and chemical processes through scientific and technological means, in order to avert or mitigate meteorological disasters and rationally exploit climatic resources.

第四十二条   气象台站和其他开展气象有偿服务的单位，从事气象有偿服务的范围、项目、收费等具体管理办法，由国务院依据本法规定。

Article 42 Specific administrative measures governing the scope, items and charges for paid meteorological services provided by meteorological offices or stations and other units shall be formulated by the State Council in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

第四十三条   中国人民解放军气象工作的管理办法，由中央军事委员会制定。

Article 43 Administrative measures governing the meteorological work in the Chinese People's Liberation Army shall be formulated by the Central Military Commission.

第四十四条   中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的有关气象活动的国际条约与本法有不同规定的，适用该国际条约的规定；但是，中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。

Article 44 Where differences in provisions are found between an international treaty on meteorological activities concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China and this Law, the provisions contained in the international treaty shall prevail, with the exception of the clauses on which the People's Republic of China has expressed reservations.

第四十五条   本法自2000年1月1日起施行。1994年8月18８日国务院发布的《中华人民共和国气象条例》同时废止。

Article 45 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 2000. The Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Meteorological Services promulgated by the State Council on August 188, 1994 shall be annulled as of the same date.