法律文本

中華人民共和國氣象法（2016修正）

Meteorology Law of the People's Republic of China (Revision 2016)

（1999年10月31日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十二次會議通過 根據2009年8月27日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十次會議《關於修改部分法律的決定》第一次修正 根據2014年8月31日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國保險法〉等五部法律的決定》第二次修正 根據2016年11月7日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十四次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國對外貿易法〉等十二部法律的決定》第三次修正）

(Adopted at the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on October 31, 1999; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws passed at the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 27, 2009; amended for the second time according to the Decision on Revising the Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China and Four Other Laws passed at the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on August 31, 2014; and amended for the third time according to the Decision on Revising Twelve Laws including the Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China passed at the 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on November 7, 2016)

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了發展氣象事業，規範氣象工作，準確、及時地發布氣象預報，防禦氣象災害，合理開發利用和保護氣候資源，為經濟建設、國防建設、社會發展和人民生活提供氣象服務，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of developing meteorological service, standardizing meteorological activities, ensuring the accurate and timely issue of meteorological forecast, preventing meteorological disasters, properly exploiting and effectively protecting climatic resources, and providing meteorological services for economic development, national defense, social development and people's well-being.

第二條   在中華人民共和國領域和中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域從事氣象探測、預報、服務和氣象災害防禦、氣候資源利用、氣象科學技術研究等活動，應當遵守本法。

Article 2 This Law shall be observed by units and individuals that engage in meteorological observation, forecasting, services, prevention of meteorological disasters, exploitation of climatic resources and research in meteorological science and technology, which are carried out in the territory of the People's Republic of China and the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China.

第三條   氣象事業是經濟建設、國防建設、社會發展和人民生活的基礎性公益事業，氣象工作應當把公益性氣象服務放在首位。

Article 3 Meteorological service is a basic public welfare service for economic development, national defense, social development and people's wellbeing. Public welfare meteorological services shall be the first priority in meteorological work.

縣級以上人民政府應當加強對氣象工作的領導和協調，將氣象事業納入中央和地方同級國民經濟和社會發展計劃及財政預算，以保障其充分發揮為社會公眾、政府決策和經濟發展服務的功能。

People's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen their leadership over and coordination of meteorological activities, and incorporate meteorological service into the national economic and social development plans and fiscal budgets of the central and local governments in order to ensure their full function in the service of the general public, in government decision-making and in economic development.

縣級以上地方人民政府根據當地社會經濟發展的需要所建設的地方氣象事業項目，其投資主要由本級財政承擔。

Local meteorological projects initiated by local people's governments at or above the county level to meet the needs of local social and economic development shall mainly be financed by the said governments themselves.

氣象臺站在確保公益性氣象無償服務的前提下，可以依法開展氣象有償服務。

On condition that unpaid public welfare meteorological services are guaranteed, meteorological offices and stations may provide paid meteorological services in accordance with law.

第四條   縣、市氣象主管機構所屬的氣象臺站應當主要為農業生產服務，及時主動提供保障當地農業生產所需的公益性氣象信息服務。

Article 4 Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments of counties or cities shall chiefly serve agricultural production, providing, on their own initiative and in a timely manner, public welfare meteorological information services needed by local agricultural production.

第五條   國務院氣象主管機構負責全國的氣象工作。地方各級氣象主管機構在上級氣象主管機構和本級人民政府的領導下，負責本行政區域內的氣象工作。

Article 5 The competent meteorological department under the State Council is responsible for meteorological work nationwide. Local competent meteorological departments at different levels are responsible for meteorological work in their own administrative regions under the leadership of the competent meteorological departments at a higher level and the people's governments at the corresponding level.

國務院其他有關部門和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府其他有關部門所屬的氣象臺站，應當接受同級氣象主管機構對其氣象工作的指導、監督和行業管理。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the other relevant departments under the State Council or under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be subject to guidance, supervision and professional management by the competent meteorological departments at the same level.

第六條   從事氣象業務活動，應當遵守國家制定的氣象技術標準、規範和規程。

Article 6 Units and individuals that engage in meteorological activities shall comply with the meteorological technical standards, rules and regulations formulated by the State.

第七條   國家鼓勵和支持氣象科學技術研究、氣象科學知識普及，培養氣象人才，推廣先進的氣象科學技術，保護氣象科技成果，加強國際氣象合作與交流，發展氣象信息產業，提高氣象工作水平。

Article 7 The State encourages and supports research in and popularization of meteorological science and technology, trains meteorological professionals, spreads the use of advanced meteorological science and technology, protects the achievements scored in meteorological science and technology, increases international cooperation and exchange in the field of meteorology and develops the meteorological information industry, all in order to improve meteorological work.

各級人民政府應當關心和支持少數民族地區、邊遠貧困地區、艱苦地區和海島的氣象臺站的建設和運行。

People's governments at various levels shall pay attention to and support the construction and operation of the meteorological offices and stations in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, in outlying and poverty-stricken areas, in areas where life is hard, and on islands.

對在氣象工作中做出突出貢獻的單位和個人，給予獎勵。

Units and individuals that make outstanding contributions in meteorological work shall be rewarded.

第八條   外國的組織和個人在中華人民共和國領域和中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域從事氣象活動，必須經國務院氣象主管機構會同有關部門批準。

Article 8 Meteorological activities that organizations and individuals of other countries wish to conduct in the territory of the People's Republic of China and the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall be subject to approval by the competent meteorological department under the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments.

第二章 氣象設施的建設與管理

Chapter 2 Construction and Management of Meteorological Facilities

第九條   國務院氣象主管機構應當組織有關部門編制氣象探測設施、氣象信息專用傳輸設施、大型氣象專用技術裝備等重要氣象設施的建設規劃，報國務院批準後實施。氣象設施建設規劃的調整、修改，必須報國務院批準。

Article 9 The competent meteorological department under the State Council shall make arrangements for relevant departments to work out plans for the construction of key meteorological facilities including meteorological observation instrumentation, transmission devices dedicated to meteorological information and specialized large meteorological equipment. These plans shall be submitted to the State Council for approval before they are implemented. Any readjustment or modification of the plans shall be submitted to the State Council for approval.

編制氣象設施建設規劃，應當遵循合理布局、有效利用、兼顧當前與長遠需要的原則，避免重複建設。

Plans for the construction of meteorological facilities shall be drawn up in conformity with the principles of a reasonable layout, efficient utilization, and full consideration of both immediate and future needs, so as to avoid duplicated construction.

第十條   重要氣象設施建設項目應當符合重要氣象設施建設規劃要求，並在項目建議書和可行性研究報告批準前，征求國務院氣象主管機構或者省、自治區、直轄市氣象主管機構的意見。

Article 10 The construction of key meteorological facility projects shall comply with the requirements for the construction plan of important meteorological facilities and before the proposals and feasibility reports for the construction of key meteorological facility projects are submitted for approval, the opinions of the competent meteorological department under the State Council or the competent meteorological departments of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be solicited.

第十一條   國家依法保護氣象設施，任何組織或者個人不得侵占、損毀或者擅自移動氣象設施。

Article 11 The State protects meteorological facilities in accordance with law. No organizations or individuals may seize, damage or destroy meteorological facilities, or relocate them without authorization.

氣象設施因不可抗力遭受破壞時，當地人民政府應當采取緊急措施，組織力量修複，確保氣象設施正常運行。

In cases where meteorological facilities are damaged or destroyed due to force majeure, the local people's governments shall take emergency measures to have them repaired or replaced, in order to ensure their normal operation.

第十二條   未經依法批準，任何組織或者個人不得遷移氣象臺站；確因實施城市規劃或者國家重點工程建設，需要遷移國家基準氣候站、基本氣象站的，應當報經國務院氣象主管機構批準；需要遷移其他氣象臺站的，應當報經省、自治區、直轄市氣象主管機構批準。遷建費用由建設單位承擔。

Article 12 No organizations or individuals may relocate meteorological offices or stations without legal approval. Where it is definitely necessary to relocate any national reference climatological stations or basic synoptic stations for the implementation of city planning or the construction of key national projects, the matter shall be subject to approval by the competent meteorological department under the State Council. Where it is necessary to relocate other meteorological offices or stations, the matter shall be subject to approval by the competent meteorological department of a province, autonomous region or centrally-administered municipality. The owner shall bear the removal costs.

第十三條   氣象專用技術裝備應當符合國務院氣象主管機構規定的技術要求，並經國務院氣象主管機構審查合格；未經審查或者審查不合格的，不得在氣象業務中使用。

Article 13 Specialized meteorological equipment shall meet the technical requirements specified by the competent meteorological department under the State Council and shall be subject to examination by the said department and its acceptance as qualified. No equipment that is not examined or accepted as qualified may be applied to meteorological operations.

第十四條   氣象計量器具應當依照《中華人民共和國計量法》的有關規定，經氣象計量檢定機構檢定。未經檢定、檢定不合格或者超過檢定有效期的氣象計量器具，不得使用。

Article 14 Instruments for meteorological measurement shall be subject to verification by the institutions for verification of such instruments in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China. No meteorological measurement instruments that are not verified, that are disqualified, or whose terms of validity have expired may be used.

國務院氣象主管機構和省、自治區、直轄市氣象主管機構可以根據需要建立氣象計量標準器具，其各項最高計量標準器具依照《中華人民共和國計量法》的規定，經考核合格後，方可使用。

The competent meteorological department under the State Council and the competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, where necessary, introduce standard instruments for meteorological measuring. The highest standard for each kind of measuring instruments shall be put into use only after it is tested and found to be qualified in accordance with the provisions of the Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China.

第三章 氣象探測

Chapter 3 Meteorological Observation

第十五條   各級氣象主管機構所屬的氣象臺站，應當按照國務院氣象主管機構的規定，進行氣象探測並向有關氣象主管機構匯交氣象探測資料。未經上級氣象主管機構批準，不得中止氣象探測。

Article 15 Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to competent meteorological departments at various levels shall, in accordance with the regulations set by the competent meteorological department under the State Council, take meteorological observation and report the collected data to the competent meteorological departments concerned. No meteorological observation may be discontinued without approval by the competent meteorological department at a higher level.

國務院氣象主管機構及有關地方氣象主管機構應當按照國家規定適時發布基本氣象探測資料。

The competent meteorological department under the State Council and the local competent meteorological departments concerned shall, in accordance with relevant State regulations, release the observed basic meteorological data at appropriate intervals.

第十六條   國務院其他有關部門和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府其他有關部門所屬的氣象臺站及其他從事氣象探測的組織和個人，應當按照國家有關規定向國務院氣象主管機構或者省、自治區、直轄市氣象主管機構匯交所獲得的氣象探測資料。

Article 16 Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to other relevant departments under the State Council or under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as other organizations or individuals that engage in meteorological observation shall, in accordance with relevant State regulations, report the observed meteorological data to the competent meteorological department under the State Council or to the competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government.

各級氣象主管機構應當按照氣象資料共享、共用的原則，根據國家有關規定，與其他從事氣象工作的機構交換有關氣象信息資料。

The competent meteorological departments at various levels shall, under the principles of sharing and joint use of meteorological data and in accordance with relevant State regulations, exchange relevant meteorological information with other units that engage in meteorological work.

第十七條   在中華人民共和國內水、領海和中華人民共和國管轄的其他海域的海上鑽井平臺和具有中華人民共和國國籍的在國際航線上飛行的航空器、遠洋航行的船舶，應當按照國家有關規定進行氣象探測並報告氣象探測信息。

Article 17 All drilling platforms located in inland or territorial waters of the People's Republic of China or in the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China, and aircraft and ocean-going vessels of Chinese nationality navigating international lines shall, in accordance with relevant State regulations, take meteorological observation and report the observed data.

第十八條   基本氣象探測資料以外的氣象探測資料需要保密的，其密級的確定、變更和解密以及使用，依照《中華人民共和國保守國家秘密法》的規定執行。

Article 18 Where meteorological observation data other than the basic ones need to be kept secret, they shall be classified into different categories. The categories shall be altered and the data shall be declassified and used in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Guarding State Secrets.

第十九條   國家依法保護氣象探測環境，任何組織和個人都有保護氣象探測環境的義務。

Article 19 The State protects the environs for meteorological observation in accordance with law. All organizations and individuals shall have the obligation to protect such environs.

第二十條   禁止下列危害氣象探測環境的行為：

Article 20 The following acts jeopardizing the environs for meteorological observation are prohibited:

（一）在氣象探測環境保護範圍內設置障礙物、進行爆破和采石；

1. placing obstacles or conducting explosion or quarry operations within a meteorological sounding environment protection scope;

（二）在氣象探測環境保護範圍內設置影響氣象探測設施工作效能的高頻電磁輻射裝置；

2. installing, within the protected environs for meteorological observation, high-frequency electromagnetic radiation devices which impair the performance of the meteorological measuring instruments; and

（三）在氣象探測環境保護範圍內從事其他影響氣象探測的行為。

(III) other acts that impair meteorological observation within the protected environs for such observation.

氣象探測環境保護範圍的劃定標準由國務院氣象主管機構規定。各級人民政府應當按照法定標準劃定氣象探測環境的保護範圍，並納入城市規劃或者村莊和集鎮規劃。

The criteria for delimiting protected environs for meteorological observation shall be prescribed by the competent meteorological department under the State Council. People's governments at all levels shall, in accordance with the statutory criteria, delimit protected environs for meteorological observation and incorporate them into city planning or into village or town planning.

第二十一條   新建、擴建、改建建設工程，應當避免危害氣象探測環境；確實無法避免的，建設單位應當事先征得省、自治區、直轄市氣象主管機構的同意，並采取相應的措施後，方可建設。

Article 21 When building, expanding or renovating construction projects, the constructors shall avoid jeopardizing the environs for meteorological observation. Where it is really impossible to avoid jeopardizing the observation environs, the constructors shall first ask for permission of the competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government. No construction may be started until appropriate measures are taken.

第四章 氣象預報與災害性天氣警報

Chapter 4 Weather Forecast and Disastrous Weather Warning

第二十二條   國家對公眾氣象預報和災害性天氣警報實行統一發布制度。

Article 22 The State applies a unified system for the issue of public meteorological forecast and severe weather warning.

各級氣象主管機構所屬的氣象臺站應當按照職責向社會發布公眾氣象預報和災害性天氣警報，並根據天氣變化情況及時補充或者訂正。其他任何組織或者個人不得向社會發布公眾氣象預報和災害性天氣警報。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments at different levels shall, in compliance with their functions and duties, issue to the community public meteorological forecast and severe weather warning, with timely supplements or corrections added as the weather changes. No other organizations or individuals may issue to the community such forecast or warning.

國務院其他有關部門和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府其他有關部門所屬的氣象臺站，可以發布供本系統使用的專項氣象預報。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to other relevant departments under the State Council or under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government may issue specialized meteorological forecast to be used within the framework of their departments.

各級氣象主管機構及其所屬的氣象臺站應當提高公眾氣象預報和災害性天氣警報的準確性、及時性和服務水平。

The competent meteorological departments at different levels and the meteorological offices and stations subordinate to them shall issue public meteorological forecast and severe weather warning with improved accuracy, timeliness and service.

第二十三條   各級氣象主管機構所屬的氣象臺站應當根據需要，發布農業氣象預報、城市環境氣象預報、火險氣象等級預報等專業氣象預報，並配合軍事氣象部門進行國防建設所需的氣象服務工作。

Article 23 Where necessary, meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments at various levels shall issue specialized meteorological forecasts for agriculture, urban environment, classified fire-risks, etc. and shall provide meteorological services in cooperation with the military meteorological department to meet the need of national defense.

第二十四條   各級廣播、電視臺站和省級人民政府指定的報紙，應當安排專門的時間或者版面，每天播發或者刊登公眾氣象預報或者災害性天氣警報。

Article 24 Radio and television stations at various levels and newspapers designated by people's governments at the provincial level shall arrange particular timeslots or space every day for public meteorological forecast and/or severe weather warning.

各級氣象主管機構所屬的氣象臺站應當保證其制作的氣象預報節目的質量。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments at various levels shall guarantee the quality of the meteorological forecast programs they have prepared.

廣播、電視播出單位改變氣象預報節目播發時間安排的，應當事先征得有關氣象臺站的同意；對國計民生可能產生重大影響的災害性天氣警報和補充、訂正的氣象預報，應當及時增播或者插播。

Before making any changes in the timeslots for broadcasting meteorological forecast, the radio and television stations shall first seek consent of the meteorological offices or stations concerned. Any severe weather warning or supplementary or corrected forecast that has a vital bearing on the national economy and people's wellbeing shall promptly be added or inserted into other ongoing programs.

第二十五條   廣播、電視、報紙、電信等媒體向社會傳播氣象預報和災害性天氣警報，必須使用氣象主管機構所屬的氣象臺站提供的適時氣象信息，並標明發布時間和氣象臺站的名稱。通過傳播氣象信息獲得的收益，應當提取一部分支持氣象事業的發展。

Article 25 When the media, including radio, television, newspaper and telecommunication, issue to the community public meteorological forecast or severe weather warning, they shall use the latest meteorological information provided by a meteorological office or station subordinate to a competent meteorological department, while indicating the time of issue and the name of the office or station. Part of the revenues from the distribution of meteorological information shall be drawn to support the development of meteorological service.

第二十六條   信息產業部門應當與氣象主管機構密切配合，確保氣象通信暢通，準確、及時地傳遞氣象情報、氣象預報和災害性天氣警報。

Article 26 Information industry departments shall work closely with the competent meteorological departments to ensure unblocked meteorological telecommunication for the accurate and timely dissemination of meteorological information, forecast and severe weather warning.

氣象無線電專用頻道和信道受國家保護，任何組織或者個人不得擠占和幹擾。

Wireless frequencies and channels specified for meteorological use are protected by the State. No organizations or individuals may occupy or interfere with them.

第五章 氣象災害防禦

Chapter 5 Prevention of Meteorological Disasters

第二十七條   縣級以上人民政府應當加強氣象災害監測、預警系統建設，組織有關部門編制氣象災害防禦規劃，並采取有效措施，提高防禦氣象災害的能力。有關組織和個人應當服從人民政府的指揮和安排，做好氣象災害防禦工作。

Article 27 People's governments at or above the county level shall improve their monitoring and warning systems for meteorological disasters, make arrangements for relevant departments to work out plans for prevention of meteorological disasters, and take effective measures to increase the capability of preventing such disasters. Relevant organizations and individuals shall comply with the directions given and arrangements made by the people's governments, and shall make a success of prevention meteorological disasters.

第二十八條   各級氣象主管機構應當組織對重大災害性天氣的跨地區、跨部門的聯合監測、預報工作，及時提出氣象災害防禦措施，並對重大氣象災害作出評估，為本級人民政府組織防禦氣象災害提供決策依據。

Article 28 Competent meteorological departments at all levels shall make arrangements for joint monitoring and forecast of major weather events among regions or departments, propose timely measures for preventing meteorological disasters and make assessment of severe weather disasters, which shall serve as the decision-making basis for the people's governments at the corresponding levels to arrange prevention of meteorological disasters.

各級氣象主管機構所屬的氣象臺站應當加強對可能影響當地的災害性天氣的監測和預報，並及時報告有關氣象主管機構。其他有關部門所屬的氣象臺站和與災害性天氣監測、預報有關的單位應當及時向氣象主管機構提供監測、預報氣象災害所需要的氣象探測信息和有關的水情、風暴潮等監測信息。

Meteorological offices and stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments at various levels shall improve their monitoring and forecast of severe weathers which may adversely affect the local community, and promptly report to the competent meteorological departments concerned. The meteorological offices and stations subordinate to other departments and the units related to the monitoring and forecast of severe weathers shall, without delay, provide the competent meteorological departments with the observed meteorological information and the monitored information on hydrological conditions, storm surge, etc. that are needed for the monitoring and forecasting of severe weather.

第二十九條   縣級以上地方人民政府應當根據防禦氣象災害的需要，制定氣象災害防禦方案，並根據氣象主管機構提供的氣象信息，組織實施氣象災害防禦方案，避免或者減輕氣象災害。

Article 29 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in light of the need for preventing meteorological disasters, work out plans for the purpose and, on the basis of the meteorological information provided by the competent meteorological departments, make arrangements for carrying out such plans, in order to avert or mitigate meteorological disasters.

第三十條   縣級以上人民政府應當加強對人工影響天氣工作的領導，並根據實際情況，有組織、有計劃地開展人工影響天氣工作。

Article 30 People's governments at or above the county level shall enhance their leadership over weather modification and, in light of actual conditions, carry out work in this field in an organized and planned way.

國務院氣象主管機構應當加強對全國人工影響天氣工作的管理和指導。地方各級氣象主管機構應當制定人工影響天氣作業方案，並在本級人民政府的領導和協調下，管理、指導和組織實施人工影響天氣作業。有關部門應當按照職責分工，配合氣象主管機構做好人工影響天氣的有關工作。

The competent meteorological department under the State Council shall improve its administration of and guidance for weather modification throughout the country. Local competent meteorological departments at all levels shall make plans for weather modification operations and, under the leadership and coordination of the people's governments at the corresponding levels, administer, guide and arrange for such operations. Relevant departments shall, in compliance with their functions and duties and division of responsibilities, cooperate with the competent meteorological departments in weather modification.

實施人工影響天氣作業的組織必須具備省、自治區、直轄市氣象主管機構規定的條件，並使用符合國務院氣象主管機構要求的技術標準的作業設備，遵守作業規範。

Organizations engaging in weather modification operations shall meet the conditions prescribed by the competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, use the operational equipment which meets the specifications set by the competent meteorological department under the State Council, and conform to the operational rules.

第三十一條   各級氣象主管機構應當加強對雷電災害防禦工作的組織管理，並會同有關部門指導對可能遭受雷擊的建築物、構築物和其他設施安裝的雷電災害防護裝置的檢測工作。

Article 31 Competent meteorological departments at various levels shall strengthen the organization and management of preventive efforts against disasters caused by thunderstorm and lightning, and, together with other relevant authorities, inspect the lightning protection devices installed on the buildings, structures and other facilities likely to be struck by lightning.

安裝的雷電災害防護裝置應當符合國務院氣象主管機構規定的使用要求。

The installed lightning protection devices shall meet the operational specifications set by the competent meteorological department under the State Council.

第六章 氣候資源開發利用和保護

Chapter 6 Exploitation and Protection of Climatic Resources

第三十二條   國務院氣象主管機構負責全國氣候資源的綜合調查、區劃工作，組織進行氣候監測、分析、評價，並對可能引起氣候惡化的大氣成分進行監測，定期發布全國氣候狀況公報。

Article 32 The competent meteorological department under the State Council is in charge of the overall survey and zoning of climatic resources nationwide, coordinates efforts in climate monitoring, analysis and assessment and in the monitoring of the atmosphere composition that may cause climate deterioration, and issues, at regular intervals, bulletins on climatic status.

第三十三條   縣級以上地方人民政府應當根據本地區氣候資源的特點，對氣候資源開發利用的方向和保護的重點作出規劃。

Article 33 Local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in light of the characteristics of the local climatic resources, draw up plans for the fields of endeavor in which to exploit the climatic resources and for the key climatic resources to be protected.

地方各級氣象主管機構應當根據本級人民政府的規劃，向本級人民政府和同級有關部門提出利用、保護氣候資源和推廣應用氣候資源區劃等成果的建議。

Local competent meteorological departments shall, on the basis of the plans drawn up by the people's governments at the corresponding levels, make proposals to the said people's governments and relevant departments at the corresponding levels regarding the exploitation and protection of climatic resources and the extensive application of positive results yielded from the zoning of climatic resources.

第三十四條   各級氣象主管機構應當組織對城市規劃、國家重點建設工程、重大區域性經濟開發項目和大型太陽能、風能等氣候資源開發利用項目進行氣候可行性論證。

Article 34 Competent meteorological departments at different levels shall arrange for climatic feasibility studies relating to city planning, key national construction projects, major regional economic development projects and large projects for the exploitation of climatic resources such as solar and wind energy.

具有大氣環境影響評價資質的單位進行工程建設項目大氣環境影響評價時，應當使用符合國家氣象技術標準的氣象資料。

When assessing the impacts of construction projects on atmospheric environment, the units that are qualified for making such assessment shall use the meteorological data that conforms to national meteorological technical standards.

第七章 法律責任

Chapter 7 Legal Liabilities

第三十五條   違反本法規定，有下列行為之一的，由有關氣象主管機構按照權限責令停止違法行為，限期恢複原狀或者采取其他補救措施，可以並處五萬元以下的罰款；造成損失的，依法承擔賠償責任；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 35 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits one of the following acts shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department within the limits of its authority to discontinue the violation and put the facilities and environs back to their former state or take other remedial measures within a time limit, and it/he may be fined not more than CNY50,000. If losses are caused, the violator shall bear the compensation responsibility in accordance with law. If the violation constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law:

（一）侵占、損毀或者未經批準擅自移動氣象設施的；

1. seizing, damaging, destroying, or relocating without approval meteorological facilities; or

（二）在氣象探測環境保護範圍內從事危害氣象探測環境活動的。

(II) engaging in activities within the limits of the protected environs for meteorological observation, to the detriment of the environs.

在氣象探測環境保護範圍內，違法批準占用土地的，或者非法占用土地新建建築物或者其他設施的，依照《中華人民共和國城鄉規劃法》或者《中華人民共和國土地管理法》的有關規定處罰。

Any unit or individual that illegally approves the occupation of land within the limits of the protected environs for meteorological observation or that erects buildings or installations on illegally occupied land within the said limits shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Urban and Rural Planning or the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China.

第三十六條   違反本法規定，使用不符合技術要求的氣象專用技術裝備，造成危害的，由有關氣象主管機構按照權限責令改正，給予警告，可以並處五萬元以下的罰款。

Article 36 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, causes harm by employing specialized equipment which does not meet the technical specifications shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department within the limits of its authority to make rectification and be given a disciplinary warning and may also be fined not more than 50,000 yuan.

第三十七條   違反本法規定，安裝不符合使用要求的雷電災害防護裝置的，由有關氣象主管機構責令改正，給予警告。使用不符合使用要求的雷電災害防護裝置給他人造成損失的，依法承擔賠償責任。

Article 37 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, installs lightning protection devices which do not meet the operational specifications shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department to make rectification and be given a disciplinary warning. If by using such devices it/he causes losses to others, it/he shall bear compensation responsibility in accordance with law.

第三十八條   違反本法規定，有下列行為之一的，由有關氣象主管機構按照權限責令改正，給予警告，可以並處五萬元以下的罰款：

Article 38 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits one of the following acts shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department within the limits of its authority to make rectification and be given a disciplinary warning and may also be fined not more than CNY50,000:

（一）非法向社會發布公眾氣象預報、災害性天氣警報的；

1. a unit or individual that unlawfully issues to the community public meteorological forecast or severe weather warning;

（二）廣播、電視、報紙、電信等媒體向社會傳播公眾氣象預報、災害性天氣警報，不使用氣象主管機構所屬的氣象臺站提供的適時氣象信息的；

2. when distributing to the community public meteorological forecast or severe weather warning, the media including radio, television, newspaper and telecommunication fail to use the latest meteorological information provided by the meteorological offices or stations subordinate to the competent meteorological departments; or

（三）從事大氣環境影響評價的單位進行工程建設項目大氣環境影響評價時，使用的氣象資料不符合國家氣象技術標準的。

(III) while assessing the impact of construction projects on the atmosphere, the unit that is in charge of making such assessment fails to use the meteorological data in line with national meteorological technical standards.

第三十九條   違反本法規定，不具備省、自治區、直轄市氣象主管機構規定的條件實施人工影響天氣作業的，或者實施人工影響天氣作業使用不符合國務院氣象主管機構要求的技術標準的作業設備的，由有關氣象主管機構按照權限責令改正，給予警告，可以並處十萬元以下的罰款；給他人造成損失的，依法承擔賠償責任；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 39 In violation of the provisions of this Law, when carrying out weather modification operations, the organization that does not meet the conditions prescribed by the competent meteorological department of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government conducts weather modification operations or, when doing so, uses the equipment which does not meet the technical specifications set by the competent meteorological department under the State Council shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department within the limits of its authority to make rectification and be given a disciplinary warning and may also be fined not more than 100,000 yuan. If it causes losses to others, it shall bear compensation responsibility in accordance with law. If the violation constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.

第四十條   各級氣象主管機構及其所屬氣象臺站的工作人員由於玩忽職守，導致重大漏報、錯報公眾氣象預報、災害性天氣警報，以及丟失或者毀壞原始氣象探測資料、偽造氣象資料等事故的，依法給予行政處分；致使國家利益和人民生命財產遭受重大損失，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 40 Staff members working in the competent meteorological departments at different levels or meteorological offices or stations subordinate to the departments who neglect their duties and consequently fail to make important public meteorological forecast or send out severe weather warning, or make wrong forecast or send out warning, or who lose or damage the raw meteorological observation data or fabricate meteorological data shall be given administrative sanctions in accordance with law. If they cause heavy losses to State interests or people's lives or property, which is serious enough to constitute a crime, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

第八章 附則

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第四十一條   本法中下列用語的含義是：

Article 41 For the purpose of this Law, the definitions of the following terms are:

（一）氣象設施，是指氣象探測設施、氣象信息專用傳輸設施、大型氣象專用技術裝備等。

1. meteorological facilities include meteorological observation instrumentation, transmission devices dedicated to meteorological information and specialized large meteorological equipment.

（二）氣象探測，是指利用科技手段對大氣和近地層的大氣物理過程、現象及其化學性質等進行的系統觀察和測量。

(II) meteorological observation means systematic observation and measurement of the atmospheric physical processes, phenomena and chemical properties in the atmosphere and surface layer by scientific and technological means.

（三）氣象探測環境，是指為避開各種幹擾保證氣象探測設施準確獲得氣象探測信息所必需的最小距離構成的環境空間。

(III) Environs for meteorological observation mean the minimum surrounding space away from any interference, a space that is essential for ensured acquisition of accurate meteorological observation information by means of observation facilities.

（四）氣象災害，是指臺風、暴雨（雪）、寒潮、大風（沙塵暴）、低溫、高溫、幹旱、雷電、冰雹、霜凍和大霧等所造成的災害。

(IV) Meteorological disasters include disasters caused by typhoon, rainstorm (snowstorm), cold wave, strong wind (sandstorm and duststorm), low temperature, high temperature, drought, thunder and lightning, hail, frost and fog.

（五）人工影響天氣，是指為避免或者減輕氣象災害，合理利用氣候資源，在適當條件下通過科技手段對局部大氣的物理、化學過程進行人工影響，實現增雨雪、防雹、消雨、消霧、防霜等目的的活動。

(V) weather modification refers to efforts aimed at rain or snow enhancement, hail suppression, rain suppression, fog dispersal, frost prevention by exerting, under appropriate conditions, artificial influence on local atmospheric physical and chemical processes through scientific and technological means, in order to avert or mitigate meteorological disasters and rationally exploit climatic resources.

第四十二條   氣象臺站和其他開展氣象有償服務的單位，從事氣象有償服務的範圍、項目、收費等具體管理辦法，由國務院依據本法規定。

Article 42 Specific administrative measures governing the scope, items and charges for paid meteorological services provided by meteorological offices or stations and other units shall be formulated by the State Council in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

第四十三條   中國人民解放軍氣象工作的管理辦法，由中央軍事委員會制定。

Article 43 Administrative measures governing the meteorological work in the Chinese People's Liberation Army shall be formulated by the Central Military Commission.

第四十四條   中華人民共和國締結或者參加的有關氣象活動的國際條約與本法有不同規定的，適用該國際條約的規定；但是，中華人民共和國聲明保留的條款除外。

Article 44 Where differences in provisions are found between an international treaty on meteorological activities concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China and this Law, the provisions contained in the international treaty shall prevail, with the exception of the clauses on which the People's Republic of China has expressed reservations.

第四十五條   本法自2000年1月1日起施行。1994年8月18８日國務院發布的《中華人民共和國氣象條例》同時廢止。

Article 45 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 2000. The Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Meteorological Services promulgated by the State Council on August 188, 1994 shall be annulled as of the same date.