法律文本

中華人民共和國國家賠償法（2012修正）

STATE COMPENSATION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (2012 Revision)

主席令第六十八號

Presidential Decree No. 68

（1994年5月12日第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第七次會議通過 1994年5月12日中華人民共和國主席令第23號公布 根據2010年4月29日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十四次會議通過 2010年4月29日中華人民共和國主席令第29號公布 自2010年12月1日起施行的《全國人民代表大會常務委員會關於修改〈中華人民共和國國家賠償法〉的決定》第一次修正 根據2012年10月26日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十九次會議通過 2012年10月26日中華人民共和國主席令第68號公布 自2013年1月1日起施行的《全國人民代表大會常務委員會關於修改〈中華人民共和國國家賠償法〉的決定》第二次修正）

(Adopted at the 7th session of the Standing Committee of the 8th National People's Congress on May 12, 1994 and issued under the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 23 on May 12, 1994; amended for the first time in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Revising the Law of the People's Republic of China on State Compensation adopted at the 14th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on April 29, 2010, issued under the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 29 on April 29, 2010, and effective on December 1, 2010; and amended for the second time in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Revising the Law of the People's Republic of China on State Compensation adopted at the 29th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on October 26, 2012, issued under the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 68 on October 26, 2012, and effective on January 1, 2013)

目錄

Contents

  第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 行政賠償

Chapter 2 Administrative Compensation

    第一節 賠償範圍

Section 1 Scope of Indemnity

    第二節 賠償請求人和賠償義務機關

Section 2 Claimants to Compensation and Organs Liable for Compensation

    第三節 賠償程序

Section 3 Indemnification Procedures

  第三章 刑事賠償

Chapter 3 Criminal Compensation

    第一節 賠償範圍

Section 1 Scope of Indemnity

    第二節 賠償請求人和賠償義務機關

Section 2 Claimants to Compensation and Organs Liable for Compensation

    第三節 賠償程序

Section 3 Indemnification Procedures

  第四章 賠償方式和計算標準

Chapter 4 Indemnification Methods and Calculation Standards

  第五章 其他規定

Chapter 5 Miscellaneous

  第六章 附則

Chapter 6 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為保障公民、法人和其他組織享有依法取得國家賠償的權利，促進國家機關依法行使職權，根據憲法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution with a view to safeguarding the right of citizens, legal persons and other organizations to State compensation according to law, and promoting the exercise by State organs of their functions and powers according to law.

第二條   國家機關和國家機關工作人員行使職權，有本法規定的侵犯公民、法人和其他組織合法權益的情形，造成損害的，受害人有依照本法取得國家賠償的權利。

Article 2 Where State organs or State functionaries, in exercising their functions and powers, infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of the citizens, legal persons and other organizations, thereby causing damage to them, the victims shall have the right to State compensation in accordance with this Law.

本法規定的賠償義務機關，應當依照本法及時履行賠償義務。

The organs under compensatory obligations as prescribed in this Law shall perform the obligations for compensation in accordance with this Law.

第二章 行政賠償

Chapter 2 Administrative Compensation

第一節 賠償範圍

Section 1 Scope of Indemnity

第三條   行政機關及其工作人員在行使行政職權時有下列侵犯人身權情形之一的，受害人有取得賠償的權利：

Article 3 The victim shall have the right to compensation if an administrative organ or its functionaries, in exercising their administrative functions and powers, commit any of the following acts infringing upon the right of the person of a citizen:

（一）違法拘留或者違法采取限制公民人身自由的行政強制措施的；

1. Detaining a citizen in violation of the law or unlawfully taking compulsory administrative measures in restraint of his personal freedom;

（二）非法拘禁或者以其他方法非法剝奪公民人身自由的；

2. unlawfully taking a citizen into custody or depriving him of his right of the person by other unlawful means;

（三）以毆打、虐待等行為或者唆使、放縱他人以毆打、虐待等行為造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的；

3. using or instigating or indulging violence such as beating one up and abuse, thereby causing bodily injury or death to a citizen;

（四）違法使用武器、警械造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的；

(IV) to use illegally arms, police weapons and cause bodily injury or death of a citizen; or

（五）造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的其他違法行為。

(V) other unlawful acts causing bodily injury or death to a citizen.

第四條   行政機關及其工作人員在行使行政職權時有下列侵犯財產權情形之一的，受害人有取得賠償的權利：

Article 4 The victim shall have the right to compensation if an administrative organ or its functionaries, in exercising their functions and powers, commit any of the following acts infringing upon property right:

（一）違法實施罰款、吊銷許可證和執照、責令停產停業、沒收財物等行政處罰的；

1. Illegally inflicting administrative sanctions such as imposition of fines, revocation of certificates and licenses, ordering suspension of production and business, or confiscation of property;

（二）違法對財產采取查封、扣押、凍結等行政強制措施的；

2. illegally implementing compulsory administrative measures such as sealing up, distraining or freezing property;

（三）違法征收、征用財產的；

3. to expropriate, requisition properties illegally;

（四）造成財產損害的其他違法行為。

(IV) Other illegal acts causing damage to property.

第五條   屬於下列情形之一的，國家不承擔賠償責任：

Article 5 The State shall not be liable for compensation in any of the following circumstances:

（一）行政機關工作人員與行使職權無關的個人行為；

1. Individual acts of a functionary of an administrative organ, which have nothing to do with the exercise of his functions and powers;

（二）因公民、法人和其他組織自己的行為致使損害發生的；

(II) Damage caused by acts of their own accord; or

（三）法律規定的其他情形。

(III) Other circumstances stipulated by the law arise.

第二節 賠償請求人和賠償義務機關

Section 2 Claimants to Compensation and Organs Liable for Compensation

第六條   受害的公民、法人和其他組織有權要求賠償。

Article 6 Victimized citizens, legal persons or other organizations shall have the right to demand compensation.

受害的公民死亡，其繼承人和其他有扶養關系的親屬有權要求賠償。

Where the aggrieved citizen is deceased, his/her heirs or other relatives with maintenance relationship with him/her shall have the right to claim compensation.

受害的法人或者其他組織終止的，其權利承受人有權要求賠償。

Where the aggrieved legal person or other organisation has terminated, the person who succeeds its rights shall have the right to claim compensation.

第七條   行政機關及其工作人員行使行政職權侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，該行政機關為賠償義務機關。

Article 7 Where an administrative organ and its functionaries, in exercising their administrative powers, infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen, a legal person or other organizations, thereby causing damage to them, the administrative organ shall be the organ liable for compensation.

兩個以上行政機關共同行使行政職權時侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，共同行使行政職權的行政機關為共同賠償義務機關。

Where two or more administrative organs in jointly exercising their administrative functions and powers infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen or a legal person or other organizations, thereby causing damage to them, the administrative organs jointly exercising their administrative functions and powers shall be the organs jointly liable for compensation.

法律、法規授權的組織在行使授予的行政權力時侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，被授權的組織為賠償義務機關。

Where an organization authorized by law or regulations invades the legitimate rights and interests of a citizen, legal person or other organization resulting in injury while exercising its authorized administrative power, that authorized organization shall be the indemnity obligatory agency.

受行政機關委托的組織或者個人在行使受委托的行政權力時侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，委托的行政機關為賠償義務機關。

Where an organization or individual, in exercising the administrative powers entrusted to it or him by an administrative organ, infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen or a legal person or other organizations, thereby causing damage to them, the administrative organ that does the entrustment shall be the organ liable for compensation.

賠償義務機關被撤銷的，繼續行使其職權的行政機關為賠償義務機關；沒有繼續行使其職權的行政機關的，撤銷該賠償義務機關的行政機關為賠償義務機關。

Where an organ liable for compensation has been abolished, the administrative organ that continues to exercise the former's functions and powers shall be the organ liable for compensation; if there is no administrative organ that continues to exercise the former's functions and powers, the administrative organ that abolished the former organ shall be the organ liable for compensation.

第八條   經複議機關複議的，最初造成侵權行為的行政機關為賠償義務機關，但複議機關的複議決定加重損害的，複議機關對加重的部分履行賠償義務。

Article 8 If reconsideration of a case has been made, the administrative organ that first did the tortious act shall be the organ liable for compensation; however, if the outcome of the reconsideration aggravates the damage, the organ undertaking the reconsideration of the case shall carry out its compensatory obligations as regards the increased portion of damages.

第三節 賠償程序

Section 3 Indemnification Procedures

第九條   賠償義務機關有本法第三條、第四條規定情形之一的，應當給予賠償。

Article 9 The organ under compensatory obligations shall pay compensation under any of the circumstances as provided for in Articles 3 and 4 of this Law.

賠償請求人要求賠償，應當先向賠償義務機關提出，也可以在申請行政複議或者提起行政訴訟時一並提出。

A claimant for compensation shall, first, file a claim for compensation with an organ under compensatory obligations and may, in the meantime, file a claim when applying for an administrative reconsideration and instituting an administrative procedure.

第十條   賠償請求人可以向共同賠償義務機關中的任何一個賠償義務機關要求賠償，該賠償義務機關應當先予賠償。

Article 10 A claimant to compensation may demand compensation from any of the organs under joint compensatory obligations, and the said organ under compensatory obligations shall pay compensation first.

第十一條   賠償請求人根據受到的不同損害，可以同時提出數項賠償要求。

Article 11 A claimant to compensation may, in light of the difference in nature of the damage suffered, make separate claims simultaneously for compensation of the damages.

第十二條   要求賠償應當遞交申請書，申請書應當載明下列事項：

Article 12 For the purpose of claiming damages, an application in writing shall be made, giving the following particulars:

（一）受害人的姓名、性別、年齡、工作單位和住所，法人或者其他組織的名稱、住所和法定代表人或者主要負責人的姓名、職務；

1. Name, sex, age, working unit and address of the victim; if the victim is a legal person or other organization, its name and address as well as the name and post of its legal representative or of the person chiefly responsible for the entity;

（二）具體的要求、事實根據和理由；

(II) specific claim, factual basis and reasons; and

（三）申請的年、月、日。

(III) Date, month and year of the application.

賠償請求人書寫申請書確有困難的，可以委托他人代書；也可以口頭申請，由賠償義務機關記入筆錄。

Where it is difficult for the indemnity claimant to write the application, he may entrust others to write on his behalf; he may also make oral application, which shall be recorded in writing by the indemnity obligatory agency.

賠償請求人不是受害人本人的，應當說明與受害人的關系，並提供相應證明。

If the claimant is not the victim, he shall state his relationship with the victim and provide relevant evidence.

賠償請求人當面遞交申請書的，賠償義務機關應當當場出具加蓋本行政機關專用印章並注明收讫日期的書面憑證。申請材料不齊全的，賠償義務機關應當當場或者在五日內一次性告知賠償請求人需要補正的全部內容。

If the claimant submits its/his application in person, the organ liable for compensation shall issue a written voucher with its special seal and the date of receipt on the spot. If the application materials are not complete, the organ under compensatory obligations shall, on the spot or within five days, inform the claimant for compensation of all contents that need to be supplemented.

第十三條   賠償義務機關應當自收到申請之日起兩個月內，作出是否賠償的決定。賠償義務機關作出賠償決定，應當充分聽取賠償請求人的意見，並可以與賠償請求人就賠償方式、賠償項目和賠償數額依照本法第四章的規定進行協商。

Article 13 The organ liable for compensation shall, within two months from the date of receiving the application, make a decision on whether to make compensation. Where the organ under compensatory obligations decides to pay compensation, it shall listen to the opinions of the claimant for compensation, and may negotiate with the claimant over compensation method, compensation item and compensation amount in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this Law.

賠償義務機關決定賠償的，應當制作賠償決定書，並自作出決定之日起十日內送達賠償請求人。

Where the organ under compensatory obligations decides to pay compensation, it shall prepare the written decision on compensation and serve the same on the claimant for compensation within 10 days after such decision is made.

賠償義務機關決定不予賠償的，應當自作出決定之日起十日內書面通知賠償請求人，並說明不予賠償的理由。

Where the organ under compensatory obligations decides not to pay compensation, it shall, within 10 days after making such decision, notify in writing the claimant for compensation thereof and explain the reason therefor.

第十四條   賠償義務機關在規定期限內未作出是否賠償的決定，賠償請求人可以自期限屆滿之日起三個月內，向人民法院提起訴訟。

Article 14 Where the organ liable for compensation fails to make a decision on whether to make compensation within the time limit, a claimant may bring a suit in a people's court within three months from the date of expiration of the period.

賠償請求人對賠償的方式、項目、數額有異議的，或者賠償義務機關作出不予賠償決定的，賠償請求人可以自賠償義務機關作出賠償或者不予賠償決定之日起三個月內，向人民法院提起訴訟。

If the claimant is not satisfied with the forms, items and amounts of compensation, or the organ liable for compensation has made a decision on non-compensation, the claimant may bring a suit in a people's court within three months from the date when the organ liable for compensation makes the compensation or the decision on non-compensation.

第十五條   人民法院審理行政賠償案件，賠償請求人和賠償義務機關對自己提出的主張，應當提供證據。

Article 15 In the trial of a case of administrative compensation by a people's court, the claimant and the organ liable for compensation shall provide evidences for their claims.

賠償義務機關采取行政拘留或者限制人身自由的強制措施期間，被限制人身自由的人死亡或者喪失行為能力的，賠償義務機關的行為與被限制人身自由的人的死亡或者喪失行為能力是否存在因果關系，賠償義務機關應當提供證據。

During the period when the organ liable for compensation administratively detains a citizen or takes compulsory administrative measures in restraint of his personal freedom, if the citizen dies or loses his capacity, the organ liable for compensation shall produce evidences proving whether there is any causal relationship between its act and the death or loss of capacity of the citizen.

第十六條   賠償義務機關賠償損失後，應當責令有故意或者重大過失的工作人員或者受委托的組織或者個人承擔部分或者全部賠償費用。

Article 16 After paying compensation, the organ under compensatory obligations shall order its personnel or the entrusted organisation or person who has committed intentional misconduct or gross negligence to bear part or all of the compensation expenses.

對有故意或者重大過失的責任人員，有關機關應當依法給予處分；構成犯罪的，應當依法追究刑事責任。

The competent authorities shall, in accordance with law, impose administrative sanctions on those responsible persons who have committed intentional mistake or grave negligence; where a crime is constituted, the criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

第三章 刑事賠償

Chapter 3 Criminal Compensation

第一節 賠償範圍

Section 1 Scope of Indemnity

第十七條   行使偵查、檢察、審判職權的機關以及看守所、監獄管理機關及其工作人員在行使職權時有下列侵犯人身權情形之一的，受害人有取得賠償的權利：

Article 17 The victim shall have the right to compensation if an organ in charge of investigatory, procuratorial, judicial work or a watch house or prison administration, or its functionaries, infringe upon his right of the person in the exercise of its functions and powers in any of the following circumstances:

（一）違反刑事訴訟法的規定對公民采取拘留措施的，或者依照刑事訴訟法規定的條件和程序對公民采取拘留措施，但是拘留時間超過刑事訴訟法規定的時限，其後決定撤銷案件、不起訴或者判決宣告無罪終止追究刑事責任的；

1. Detaining a citizen in violation of the Criminal Procedure Law, or detaining a citizen in light of the conditions and procedures of the Criminal Procedure Law, but the time of detention exceeds the time limit as stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Law and later a decision on cancellation of the case or non-suit is made or the citizen is adjudged innocent and the prosecution of his criminal responsibility shall be terminated;

（二）對公民采取逮捕措施後，決定撤銷案件、不起訴或者判決宣告無罪終止追究刑事責任的；

(II) After taking detention measures against a citizen, deciding to cancel the case or not bringing a suit or the citizen is adjudged innocent and the prosecution of his criminal responsibility shall be terminated;

（三）依照審判監督程序再審改判無罪，原判刑罰已經執行的；

(III) Innocence is found in a retrial held in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision, but the original sentence has already been executed;

（四）刑訊逼供或者以毆打、虐待等行為或者唆使、放縱他人以毆打、虐待等行為造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的；

(IV) Extorting a confession by torture or causing bodily injury or death to a citizen by using or instigating or divulging the use of violence such as beating one up or abuse; or

（五）違法使用武器、警械造成公民身體傷害或者死亡的。

(V) to use illegally arms, police weapons and cause bodily injury or death of a citizen.

第十八條   行使偵查、檢察、審判職權的機關以及看守所、監獄管理機關及其工作人員在行使職權時有下列侵犯財產權情形之一的，受害人有取得賠償的權利：

Article 18 The victim shall have the right to compensation if an organ in charge of investigatory, procuratorial, judicial work or a watch house or prison administration, or its functionaries, infringe upon property rights in any of the following circumstances:

（一）違法對財產采取查封、扣押、凍結、追繳等措施的；

1. Unlawfully taking measures such as sealing up, distraining, freezing or recovering a property;

（二）依照審判監督程序再審改判無罪，原判罰金、沒收財產已經執行的。

(II) Innocence is found in a retrial held in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision, but the fine or confiscation of property in the original sentence has already been executed.

第十九條   屬於下列情形之一的，國家不承擔賠償責任：

Article 19 The State shall not be liable for compensation in any of the following circumstances:

（一）因公民自己故意作虛偽供述，或者偽造其他有罪證據被羁押或者被判處刑罰的；

1. The taking into custody or sentencing being due to a citizen's own intentionally made false statements or fabricated evidence of guilt;

（二）依照刑法第十七條、第十八條規定不負刑事責任的人被羁押的；

2. The person taken into custody being one not liable for criminal responsibility in accordance with Articles 17 and 18 of the Criminal Law;

（三）依照刑事訴訟法第十五條、第一百七十三條第二款、第二百七十三條第二款、第二百七十九條規定不追究刑事責任的人被羁押的；

(III) The person taken into custody being one who shall not be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with Article 15, Paragraph 2 of Article 173, Paragraph 2 of Article 273 and Article 279 of the Criminal Procedure Law;

（四）行使偵查、檢察、審判職權的機關以及看守所、監獄管理機關的工作人員與行使職權無關的個人行為；

(IV) Individual acts of functionaries of organs in charge of investigatory, procuratorial, judicial work or watch houses or prison administrations, which have nothing to do with the exercise of their functions and powers;

（五）因公民自傷、自殘等故意行為致使損害發生的；

(V) Damage being caused by intentional acts of a citizen such as self-wounding and self-mutilation; or

（六）法律規定的其他情形。

(VI) Other circumstances stipulated by the law arise.

第二節 賠償請求人和賠償義務機關

Section 2 Claimants to Compensation and Organs Liable for Compensation

第二十條   賠償請求人的確定依照本法第六條的規定。

Article 20 The claimant for compensation shall be determined in accordance with Article 6 of this Law.

第二十一條   行使偵查、檢察、審判職權的機關以及看守所、監獄管理機關及其工作人員在行使職權時侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的合法權益造成損害的，該機關為賠償義務機關。

Article 21 Where an organ in charge of investigatory, procuratorial, judicial work or a watch house or prison administration, or its functionaries, infringe upon the rights and interests of a citizen, a legal person, or other organizations, in the exercise of its functions and powers, thereby causing damage to the victims, that organ shall be the organ liable for compensation.

對公民采取拘留措施，依照本法的規定應當給予國家賠償的，作出拘留決定的機關為賠償義務機關。

Where a citizen is detained and shall be given state compensation in accordance with the provisions hereof, the organ which made the decision on such detention shall be the organ liable for compensation.

對公民采取逮捕措施後決定撤銷案件、不起訴或者判決宣告無罪的，作出逮捕決定的機關為賠償義務機關。

If a citizen is arrested and then the decision on cancellation of the case or non-suit is made or the citizen is adjudged innocent, the organ which made the decision on such arrest shall be the organ liable for compensation.

再審改判無罪的，作出原生效判決的人民法院為賠償義務機關。二審改判無罪，以及二審發回重審後作無罪處理的，作出一審有罪判決的人民法院為賠償義務機關。

If a citizen is adjudged not guilty in a retrial, the people's court passing the originally effective sentence shall be the organ liable for compensation. Where a citizen is adjudged not guilty by a court of the second instance, or is found not guilty after retrial of the original court, the court passing the original sentence shall be the organ liable for compensation.

第三節 賠償程序

Section 3 Indemnification Procedures

第二十二條   賠償義務機關有本法第十七條、第十八條規定情形之一的，應當給予賠償。

Article 22 The organ under compensatory obligations shall pay compensation under any of the circumstances as provided for in Articles 17 and 18 of this Law.

賠償請求人要求賠償，應當先向賠償義務機關提出。

A claimant to compensation shall first apply to an organ under compensatory obligations.

賠償請求人提出賠償請求，適用本法第十一條、第十二條的規定。

The provisions of Articles 11 and 12 of this Law shall apply to the compensation claim made by the claimant for compensation.

第二十三條   賠償義務機關應當自收到申請之日起兩個月內，作出是否賠償的決定。賠償義務機關作出賠償決定，應當充分聽取賠償請求人的意見，並可以與賠償請求人就賠償方式、賠償項目和賠償數額依照本法第四章的規定進行協商。

Article 23 The organ liable for compensation shall, within two months from the date of receiving the application, make a decision on whether to make compensation. Where the organ under compensatory obligations decides to pay compensation, it shall listen to the opinions of the claimant for compensation, and may negotiate with the claimant over compensation method, compensation item and compensation amount in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this Law.

賠償義務機關決定賠償的，應當制作賠償決定書，並自作出決定之日起十日內送達賠償請求人。

Where the organ under compensatory obligations decides to pay compensation, it shall prepare the written decision on compensation and serve the same on the claimant for compensation within 10 days after such decision is made.

賠償義務機關決定不予賠償的，應當自作出決定之日起十日內書面通知賠償請求人，並說明不予賠償的理由。

Where the organ under compensatory obligations decides not to pay compensation, it shall, within 10 days after making such decision, notify in writing the claimant for compensation thereof and explain the reason therefor.

第二十四條   賠償義務機關在規定期限內未作出是否賠償的決定，賠償請求人可以自期限屆滿之日起三十日內向賠償義務機關的上一級機關申請複議。

Article 24 Where the organ liable for compensation fails to make a decision on whether to make compensation within the time limit, a claimant may apply for reconsideration to an organ at the next higher level within thirty days from the date of expiration of the period.

賠償請求人對賠償的方式、項目、數額有異議的，或者賠償義務機關作出不予賠償決定的，賠償請求人可以自賠償義務機關作出賠償或者不予賠償決定之日起三十日內，向賠償義務機關的上一級機關申請複議。

If the claimant is not satisfied with the forms, items and amounts of compensation, or the organ liable for compensation has made a decision on non-compensation, the claimant may apply for reconsideration to an organ at the next higher level within thirty days from the date when the organ liable for compensation makes the compensation or the decision on non-compensation.

賠償義務機關是人民法院的，賠償請求人可以依照本條規定向其上一級人民法院賠償委員會申請作出賠償決定。

Where the organ liable for compensation is a people's court, the claimant to compensation may, in accordance with the provisions of this article, apply to the compensation commission of a people's court at the next higher level for a decision on compensation.

第二十五條   複議機關應當自收到申請之日起兩個月內作出決定。

Article 25 The reconsideration authority shall make a decision within two months of receiving the application.

賠償請求人不服複議決定的，可以在收到複議決定之日起三十日內向複議機關所在地的同級人民法院賠償委員會申請作出賠償決定；複議機關逾期不作決定的，賠償請求人可以自期限屆滿之日起三十日內向複議機關所在地的同級人民法院賠償委員會申請作出賠償決定。

A claimant to compensation who refuses to accept the outcome of the reconsideration, may, within thirty days from the date of receiving the decision, apply for a decision on compensation to the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level in the locality where the organ that attended to the reconsideration is situated; if the latter organ has made no decision within the period prescribed, the claimant to compensation may, within thirty days from the expiration of the period, apply for a decision to the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level in the locality where the organ undertaking the reconsideration is situated.

第二十六條   人民法院賠償委員會處理賠償請求，賠償請求人和賠償義務機關對自己提出的主張，應當提供證據。

Article 26 In handling of a compensation demand by the compensation commission of a people’s court, the claimant and the organ liable for compensation shall provide evidences for their claims.

被羁押人在羁押期間死亡或者喪失行為能力的，賠償義務機關的行為與被羁押人的死亡或者喪失行為能力是否存在因果關系，賠償義務機關應當提供證據。

Where a citizen dies or loses his capacity during his detention, the organ liable for compensation shall produce evidences proving whether there is any causal relationship between its act and the death or loss of capacity of the citizen.

第二十七條   人民法院賠償委員會處理賠償請求，采取書面審查的辦法。必要時，可以向有關單位和人員調查情況、收集證據。賠償請求人與賠償義務機關對損害事實及因果關系有爭議的，賠償委員會可以聽取賠償請求人和賠償義務機關的陳述和申辯，並可以進行質證。

Article 27 The compensation commission of a people's court shall review written materials when handling a compensation request. When necessary, it may conduct investigations on and collect evidences from the relevant entities and persons. Where there is any dispute between the claimant for compensation and the organ under compensatory obligations over the facts of damage and the causal relationship, the compensation commission may listen to the statement and defense of the claimant for compensation and the organ under compensatory obligations and may also carry out the cross-examination on evidences.

第二十八條   人民法院賠償委員會應當自收到賠償申請之日起三個月內作出決定；屬於疑難、複雜、重大案件的，經本院院長批準，可以延長三個月。

Article 28 The compensation commission of a people's court shall decide the matter within three months from the date of receiving the compensation application. If the case is difficult, complex or material, the period for making a decision may extended three months upon approval of the president of the court.

第二十九條   中級以上的人民法院設立賠償委員會，由人民法院三名以上審判員組成，組成人員的人數應當為單數。

Article 29 People's courts at or above the intermediate level shall establish a compensation commission composed of three or more judges, and the member number shall be odd.

賠償委員會作賠償決定，實行少數服從多數的原則。

In making indemnity decisions, the indemnity committee shall adopt the principle of the minority subordinating to the majority.

賠償委員會作出的賠償決定，是發生法律效力的決定，必須執行。

The compensation decision made by a compensation commission shall be a decision with legal force and must be executed.

第三十條   賠償請求人或者賠償義務機關對賠償委員會作出的決定，認為確有錯誤的，可以向上一級人民法院賠償委員會提出申訴。

Article 30 A claimant or an organ liable for compensation that holds the decision of a compensation commission is really wrong may apply to the compensation commission of a people's court at a higher level for appeal.

賠償委員會作出的賠償決定生效後，如發現賠償決定違反本法規定的，經本院院長決定或者上級人民法院指令，賠償委員會應當在兩個月內重新審查並依法作出決定，上一級人民法院賠償委員會也可以直接審查並作出決定。

After the compensation decision of a compensation commission comes into effect, if the decision is found in violation of the provisions herein, the compensation commission shall conduct a reexamination and make a new decision within two months upon decision of the president of the court or the order of the people's court at a higher level, and the people's court at a higher level may directly conduct an examination and make a decision.

最高人民檢察院對各級人民法院賠償委員會作出的決定，上級人民檢察院對下級人民法院賠償委員會作出的決定，發現違反本法規定的，應當向同級人民法院賠償委員會提出意見，同級人民法院賠償委員會應當在兩個月內重新審查並依法作出決定。

If the Supreme People's Procuratorate and people's procuratorates at a higher level respectively find any decision of the compensation commissions of people's courts at all levels and of the compensation commissions of people's courts at a lower level violates the provisions herein, they may give opinions to the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level and the latter shall conduct a reexamination and make a new decision within two months.

第三十一條   賠償義務機關賠償後，應當向有下列情形之一的工作人員追償部分或者全部賠償費用：

Article 31 An organ liable for compensation shall, after compensating the damage, recover part, or the whole of the compensation expenses from its functionaries who are involved in any of the following circumstances:

（一）有本法第十七條第四項、第五項規定情形的；

1. Circumstances stated in Paragraph 4 and 5 of Article 17 herein; or

（二）在處理案件中有貪汙受賄，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行為的。

2. while handling the case, committing embezzlement, accepting bribes, doing malpractice for personal benefits, or perverting the law in adjudication of the case.

對有前款規定情形的責任人員，有關機關應當依法給予處分；構成犯罪的，應當依法追究刑事責任。

The competent authorities shall, in accordance with law, impose administrative sanctions on those responsible persons who fall in any of the circumstances as mentioned above; if a crime is constituted, the criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with law.

第四章 賠償方式和計算標準

Chapter 4 Indemnification Methods and Calculation Standards

第三十二條   國家賠償以支付賠償金為主要方式。

Article 32 State compensation shall take the form of payment of damages in the main.

能夠返還財產或者恢複原狀的，予以返還財產或者恢複原狀。

Where the property can be returned or its original condition can be restored, the property shall be returned or its original condition restored.

第三十三條   侵犯公民人身自由的，每日賠償金按照國家上年度職工日平均工資計算。

Article 33 If freedom of the person of a citizen is infringed, compensatory payment for each day shall be assessed in accordance with the State average daily pay of staff and workers in the previous year.

第三十四條   侵犯公民生命健康權的，賠償金按照下列規定計算：

Article 34 If a citizen's right to life and health is infringed upon, compensatory payment shall be assessed in accordance with the following provisions:

（一）造成身體傷害的，應當支付醫療費、護理費，以及賠償因誤工減少的收入。減少的收入每日的賠償金按照國家上年度職工日平均工資計算，最高額為國家上年度職工年平均工資的五倍；

(I) In the case of bodily injury, medical expenses, nursing costs and compensation for loss in income due to absence from work shall be paid. The daily indemnity payment for the income deduction shall be calculated according to the average daily salary of the employees of the state in the last year, and the maximum shall be 5 times of the average annual salary of the employees of the state in the last year;

（二）造成部分或者全部喪失勞動能力的，應當支付醫療費、護理費、殘疾生活輔助具費、康複費等因殘疾而增加的必要支出和繼續治療所必需的費用，以及殘疾賠償金。殘疾賠償金根據喪失勞動能力的程度，按照國家規定的傷殘等級確定，最高不超過國家上年度職工年平均工資的二十倍。造成全部喪失勞動能力的，對其扶養的無勞動能力的人，還應當支付生活費；

(II) In the case of loss of part or the whole of working capability, medical expenses, nursing costs, costs of aiding devices for the disable and necessary expenses increased due to disability and for continuous curing including rehabilitation expenses as well as disability compensation shall be paid. The maximum amount of compensation money for disablement shall be determined on the basis of the seriousness of loss of ability to work and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, provided that the maximum amount may not exceed 20 times as much as the annual average salary of the employees of the state in the preceding year. In case of total loss of ability to work, living expenses shall be paid to the person who is maintained by the aggrieved and without ability to work; and

（三）造成死亡的，應當支付死亡賠償金、喪葬費，總額為國家上年度職工年平均工資的二十倍。對死者生前扶養的無勞動能力的人，還應當支付生活費。

(III) Where death results, compensation for death and funeral expenses shall be paid, the total amount shall be 20 times the State average annual wage of employees in the preceding year. Living expenses shall be paid to the person without ability to work who is supported by the deceased during his lifetime.

前款第二項、第三項規定的生活費的發放標準，參照當地最低生活保障標準執行。被扶養的人是未成年人的，生活費給付至十八周歲止；其他無勞動能力的人，生活費給付至死亡時止。

The payment of living expenses mentioned in Items 2 and 3 of the preceding paragraph shall be made with reference to the local minimum living standards. If the persons supported by the deceased are minors, their living expenses shall be paid until they reach the age of 18; as to the persons supported by the deceased, living expenses shall be paid until their death.

第三十五條   有本法第三條或者第十七條規定情形之一，致人精神損害的，應當在侵權行為影響的範圍內，為受害人消除影響，恢複名譽，賠禮道歉；造成嚴重後果的，應當支付相應的精神損害撫慰金。

Article 35 In any of the circumstances stipulated in Article 3 and 17 herein, if mental injury of a victim is caused, the organ liable for compensation shall, within the scope of influence of the tortious act, eliminate the evil effects for the victim, rehabilitate his reputation, and extend an apology; if a serious consequence is caused, the corresponding consolation money for mental injury shall be paid.

第三十六條   侵犯公民、法人和其他組織的財產權造成損害的，按照下列規定處理：

Article 36 Where the property right of a citizen, legal person, or other organization is infringed upon and damage is caused, it shall be handled according to the following provisions:

（一）處罰款、罰金、追繳、沒收財產或者違法征收、征用財產的，返還財產；

1. If fines, recovery or confiscation of property have been ordered, or property have been illegally requisitioned or expropriated, the properties shall be returned;

（二）查封、扣押、凍結財產的，解除對財產的查封、扣押、凍結，造成財產損壞或者滅失的，依照本條第三項、第四項的規定賠償；

2. if properties have been sealed up, distrained or frozen, the restraints shall be lifted; for properties thus damaged or missing, compensation shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of Items 3 and 4 of this Article;

（三）應當返還的財產損壞的，能夠恢複原狀的恢複原狀，不能恢複原狀的，按照損害程度給付相應的賠償金；

(III) if the property to be returned is damaged, it shall be restored to its original condition if such restoration can be done; if not, corresponding compensation shall be paid in accordance with the extent of damage;

（四）應當返還的財產滅失的，給付相應的賠償金；

(IV) If the property to be returned is lost, corresponding compensation shall be paid;

（五）財產已經拍賣或者變賣的，給付拍賣或者變賣所得的價款；變賣的價款明顯低於財產價值的，應當支付相應的賠償金；

(V) If the property has been auctioned or sold, the proceeds of the auction or sale shall be returned; if the selling price is obviously lower than the value of the property, the corresponding compensation shall be paid;

（六）吊銷許可證和執照、責令停產停業的，賠償停產停業期間必要的經常性費用開支；

(VI) If the certificate and licence have been revoked and suspension of production and business has been ordered, compensation shall be paid for necessary overhead expenses for the period of such suspension;

（七）返還執行的罰款或者罰金、追繳或者沒收的金錢，解除凍結的存款或者匯款的，應當支付銀行同期存款利息；

(VII) Where the fines or recovered or confiscated money are returned, or the frozen deposits or remittance are released, the bank interests on deposits at the same period shall be paid; and

（八）對財產權造成其他損害的，按照直接損失給予賠償。

(VIII) If other damage is done to property rights, compensation shall be paid for the direct losses.

第三十七條   賠償費用列入各級財政預算。

Article 37 Compensation expenses shall be entered in the financial budget at all levels.

賠償請求人憑生效的判決書、複議決定書、賠償決定書或者調解書，向賠償義務機關申請支付賠償金。

A claimant shall apply for payment of his compensation to the organ liable for compensation on the strength of the effective judgment, the written decision on reconsideration, the written decision on compensation or the mediation paper.

賠償義務機關應當自收到支付賠償金申請之日起七日內，依照預算管理權限向有關的財政部門提出支付申請。財政部門應當自收到支付申請之日起十五日內支付賠償金。

The organ under compensatory obligations shall, within seven days after receiving the application for payment of compensation, apply to the relevant finance department for payment of compensation in accordance with the authorities for budget management. The finance department shall pay the compensation within 15 days after receiving the application for payment.

賠償費用預算與支付管理的具體辦法由國務院規定。

Specific measures for administration of budget and payment of compensation expenses shall be formulated by the State Council.

第五章 其他規定

Chapter 5 Miscellaneous

第三十八條   人民法院在民事訴訟、行政訴訟過程中，違法采取對妨害訴訟的強制措施、保全措施或者對判決、裁定及其他生效法律文書執行錯誤，造成損害的，賠償請求人要求賠償的程序，適用本法刑事賠償程序的規定。

Article 38 If a people's court, in violation of the law, adopts in civil or administrative proceedings compulsory measures or preservative measures in impairment of the proceedings, or wrongly executes a judgment or a ruling or other effective legal documents, thereby resulting in damage being done, the criminal compensation procedures herein shall be applicable to the procedure for making claims for compensation by the claimant.

第三十九條   賠償請求人請求國家賠償的時效為兩年，自其知道或者應當知道國家機關及其工作人員行使職權時的行為侵犯其人身權、財產權之日起計算，但被羁押等限制人身自由期間不計算在內。在申請行政複議或者提起行政訴訟時一並提出賠償請求的，適用行政複議法、行政訴訟法有關時效的規定。

Article 39 The limitation of action for claims for State compensation shall be two years, counted from the day the claimant knows or ought to know the exercise of the functions and powers by a State organ and its functionaries infringes upon his personal right or property right, but the period when he is detained or his freedom is restricted shall not be counted. Where the claim for compensation is lodged together with the application for administrative reconsideration or administrative litigation, the provisions on prescription as specified in the Administrative Reconsideration Law and the Administrative Procedure Law shall apply.

賠償請求人在賠償請求時效的最後六個月內，因不可抗力或者其他障礙不能行使請求權的，時效中止。從中止時效的原因消除之日起，賠償請求時效期間繼續計算。

The limitation of action for claims for compensation shall be suspended if during its last six months, the claimant is unable to exercise his rights due to force majeure or other obstacles. The limitation shall resume on the day when the causes for suspension are eliminated.

第四十條   外國人、外國企業和組織在中華人民共和國領域內要求中華人民共和國國家賠償的，適用本法。

Article 40 This Law shall be applicable to claim by a foreigner, foreign enterprise or organisation in the territory of the People's Republic of China against the People's Republic of China for state compensation.

外國人、外國企業和組織的所屬國對中華人民共和國公民、法人和其他組織要求該國國家賠償的權利不予保護或者限制的，中華人民共和國與該外國人、外國企業和組織的所屬國實行對等原則。

If a State to which a foreigner, a foreign enterprise, or a foreign organization belongs gives no protection to or limits the right of a citizen, a legal person, or other organizations of the People's Republic of China to claim compensation by that State, the People's Republic of China shall implement the principle of reciprocity in respect of that State.

第六章 附則

Chapter 6 Supplementary Provisions

第四十一條   賠償請求人要求國家賠償的，賠償義務機關、複議機關和人民法院不得向賠償請求人收取任何費用。

Article 41 No organs liable for compensation or undertaking the reconsideration of a case, or the people's courts may collect any expenses from a claimant to state compensation.

對賠償請求人取得的賠償金不予征稅。

No tax shall be levied as regards the compensation a claimant has obtained.

第四十二條   本法自１９９５年１月１日起施行。

Article 42 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 1995.