法律文本

中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法

Law of the People’s Republic of China on Application of Law in Foreign-related Civil Relations

主席令第三十六号

Presidential Decree No. 36

《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》已由中华人民共和国第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议于2010年10月28日通过，现予公布，自2011年4月1日起施行。

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Application of Law in Foreign-related Civil Relations, which was adopted at the 17th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on 28 October 2010, is hereby promulgated and shall come into effect on 1 April 2011.

中华人民共和国主席 胡锦涛

President Hu Jintao

2010年10月28日

October 28, 2010

（2010年10月28日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议通过）

(Adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on 28 October 2010)

目 录

Contents

  第一章 一般规定

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 民事主体

Chapter 2 Civil Entities

  第三章 婚姻家庭

Chapter III Marriage and Family

  第四章 继 承

Chapter 4 Succession

  第五章 物 权

Chapter 5 Property Rights

  第六章 债 权

Chapter 6 Debt Rights

  第七章 知识产权

Chapter 7: Intellectual Property

  第八章 附 则

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 一般规定

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为了明确涉外民事关系的法律适用，合理解决涉外民事争议，维护当事人的合法权益，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purposes of clarifying the application of laws to foreign-related civil relations, reasonably resolving foreign-related civil disputes, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned.

第二条   涉外民事关系适用的法律，依照本法确定。其他法律对涉外民事关系法律适用另有特别规定的，依照其规定。

Article 2 For the laws applicable to civil relations involving foreigners, this Law shall be followed. Where other laws have special provisions for the application of laws to foreign-related civil relations, such provisions shall prevail.

本法和其他法律对涉外民事关系法律适用没有规定的，适用与该涉外民事关系有最密切联系的法律。

Where this Law and other laws have no provisions on the application of laws to foreign-related civil relations, the laws most closely related to the foreign-related civil relations shall apply.

第三条   当事人依照法律规定可以明示选择涉外民事关系适用的法律。

Article 3 The parties may expressly select the law applicable to a foreign-related civil relation in accordance with the provisions of the law.

第四条   中华人民共和国法律对涉外民事关系有强制性规定的，直接适用该强制性规定。

Article 4 Where there are mandatory provisions on foreign-related civil relations in the laws of the People's Republic of China, such mandatory provisions shall apply directly.

第五条   外国法律的适用将损害中华人民共和国社会公共利益的，适用中华人民共和国法律。

Article 5 Where the application of foreign laws will damage the social public interests of the People's Republic of China, the laws of the People's Republic of China shall apply.

第六条   涉外民事关系适用外国法律，该国不同区域实施不同法律的，适用与该涉外民事关系有最密切联系区域的法律。

Article 6 Where a foreign-related civil relation is governed by the law of a foreign country, if different regions of this country are governed by different laws, the law of the region most closely associated with the foreign-related civil relation shall apply.

第七条   诉讼时效，适用相关涉外民事关系应当适用的法律。

Article 7 For the time limits for litigations, the applicable laws on foreign-related civil relations shall apply.

第八条   涉外民事关系的定性，适用法院地法律。

Article 8 The nature of a foreign-related civil relation shall be determined in accordance with the law of the forum.

第九条   涉外民事关系适用的外国法律，不包括该国的法律适用法。

Article 9 Foreign laws applicable to foreign-related civil relations do not include the Law on the Application of Law of this country.

第十条   涉外民事关系适用的外国法律，由人民法院、仲裁机构或者行政机关查明。当事人选择适用外国法律的，应当提供该国法律。

Article 10 Foreign laws applicable to foreign-related civil relations shall be ascertained by the people's court, arbitration institution or administrative organ. Where the parties concerned select to apply the laws of a foreign country, they shall provide the laws of such country.

不能查明外国法律或者该国法律没有规定的，适用中华人民共和国法律。

Where a foreign law is unable to be ascertained or has no relevant stipulations, the law of the People's Republic of China shall apply.

第二章 民事主体

Chapter 2 Civil Entities

第十一条   自然人的民事权利能力，适用经常居所地法律。

Article 11 The laws at the habitual residence shall apply to the civil rights capacities of a natural person.

第十二条   自然人的民事行为能力，适用经常居所地法律。

Article 12 The laws at the habitual residence shall apply to the civil acts capacities of a natural person.

自然人从事民事活动，依照经常居所地法律为无民事行为能力，依照行为地法律为有民事行为能力的，适用行为地法律，但涉及婚姻家庭、继承的除外。

Where a natural person engaged in civil activities has no capacity for civil conduct according to the law of the place of habitual residence of such person and has capacity for civil conduct according to the law of the place of conduct, the law of the place of conduct shall apply, except where marriage, family or succession is involved.

第十三条   宣告失踪或者宣告死亡，适用自然人经常居所地法律。

Article 13 The laws at the habitual residence of a natural person shall apply to the declaration of disappearance or declaration of death.

第十四条   法人及其分支机构的民事权利能力、民事行为能力、组织机构、股东权利义务等事项，适用登记地法律。

Article 14 The laws at the locality of registration shall apply to such matters as the capacity for civil rights, capacity for civil conduct, organizational structure, and shareholders' rights and obligations of a legal person and its branches.

法人的主营业地与登记地不一致的，可以适用主营业地法律。法人的经常居所地，为其主营业地。

Where the principal place of business of a legal person is different from the place of registration, the laws of the principal place of business may apply. The place of habitual residence of a legal person is its principal place of business.

第十五条   人格权的内容，适用权利人经常居所地法律。

Article 15 The laws at the habitual residence of a right holder shall apply to the contents of his right of personality.

第十六条   代理适用代理行为地法律，但被代理人与代理人的民事关系，适用代理关系发生地法律。

Article 16 The laws at the locality of agency act shall apply to agency, but the laws at the locality of agency relation shall apply to the civil relations between a principal and an agent.

当事人可以协议选择委托代理适用的法律。

The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to their principal-agent relationship.

第十七条   当事人可以协议选择信托适用的法律。当事人没有选择的，适用信托财产所在地法律或者信托关系发生地法律。

Article 17 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to a trust. If the parties concerned have not made a choice, the laws in which the trust property is located or the trust relation occurs shall apply.

第十八条   当事人可以协议选择仲裁协议适用的法律。当事人没有选择的，适用仲裁机构所在地法律或者仲裁地法律。

Article 18 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to arbitration agreements. Where the parties do not so select, the law of the place where the arbitration institution is located or the arbitration takes place shall apply.

第十九条   依照本法适用国籍国法律，自然人具有两个以上国籍的，适用有经常居所的国籍国法律；在所有国籍国均无经常居所的，适用与其有最密切联系的国籍国法律。自然人无国籍或者国籍不明的，适用其经常居所地法律。

Article 19 If the laws of the state of nationality are to apply in accordance with this Law and a natural person has two or more nationalities, the laws of the state of nationality in which he has a habitual residence shall apply; if he has no habitual residence in any of the states of nationality, the laws of the state of nationality with which he has the closest connection shall apply. Where a natural person has no nationality or his nationality is unclear, the laws at his habitual residence shall apply.

第二十条   依照本法适用经常居所地法律，自然人经常居所地不明的，适用其现在居所地法律。

Article 20 Where the laws at the habitual residence are to apply pursuant to this Law and the habitual residence of a natural person is unclear, the laws at his current residence shall apply.

第三章 婚姻家庭

Chapter III Marriage and Family

第二十一条   结婚条件，适用当事人共同经常居所地法律；没有共同经常居所地的，适用共同国籍国法律；没有共同国籍，在一方当事人经常居所地或者国籍国缔结婚姻的，适用婚姻缔结地法律。

Article 21 For marriage conditions, the laws of the parties' joint regular residence shall apply; if there is no joint regular residence, the joint nationality law shall apply; if there is no joint nationality, and the marriage is established in either party's regular residence or nationality country, the law of the place where the marriage is established shall apply.

第二十二条   结婚手续，符合婚姻缔结地法律、一方当事人经常居所地法律或者国籍国法律的，均为有效。

Article 22 Marriage procedures performed in compliance with the law of the place where the marriage is registered or the law of either party's regular residence or nationality country shall be valid.

第二十三条   夫妻人身关系，适用共同经常居所地法律；没有共同经常居所地的，适用共同国籍国法律。

Article 23 For the personal relations between husband and wife, the laws of their joint regular residence shall apply; if there is no joint regular residence, the joint nationality laws shall apply.

第二十四条   夫妻财产关系，当事人可以协议选择适用一方当事人经常居所地法律、国籍国法律或者主要财产所在地法律。当事人没有选择的，适用共同经常居所地法律；没有共同经常居所地的，适用共同国籍国法律。

Article 24 As for the property relationship between husband and wife, the parties concerned may choose the applicable laws at the habitual residence, of the state of nationality or at the locality of the main properties of one party by agreement. Where the parties do not so select, the law of their common place of habitual residence shall apply; where there is no common place of habitual residence, the law of their common country of nationality shall apply.

第二十五条   父母子女人身、财产关系，适用共同经常居所地法律；没有共同经常居所地的，适用一方当事人经常居所地法律或者国籍国法律中有利于保护弱者权益的法律。

Article 25 The laws at the mutual habitual residence shall apply to the personal and property relations between parents and children; if there is no mutual habitual residence, the laws in favor of protecting the rights and interests of the weaker party in the laws at the habitual residence or of the state of nationality of one party shall apply.

第二十六条   协议离婚，当事人可以协议选择适用一方当事人经常居所地法律或者国籍国法律。当事人没有选择的，适用共同经常居所地法律；没有共同经常居所地的，适用共同国籍国法律；没有共同国籍的，适用办理离婚手续机构所在地法律。

Article 26 For divorces by agreement, the parties concerned may negotiate and choose the laws of the regular residence of either party or the nationality laws. Where the parties do not so select, the law of their common place of habitual residence shall apply; where there is no common place of habitual residence, the law of their common country of nationality shall apply; where there is no common nationality, the law of the place where the institution handling the divorce is located shall apply.

第二十七条   诉讼离婚，适用法院地法律。

Article 27 Divorce by litigation shall be governed by the law of the forum.

第二十八条   收养的条件和手续，适用收养人和被收养人经常居所地法律。收养的效力，适用收养时收养人经常居所地法律。收养关系的解除，适用收养时被收养人经常居所地法律或者法院地法律。

Article 28 The laws at the habitual residence of the adopter and the adoptee shall apply to the conditions and formalities of adoption. The laws at the habitual residence of the adopter at the time of adoption shall apply to the validity of adoption. The laws at the habitual residence of the adoptee at the time of adoption or at the locality of the court shall apply to the termination of the adoptive relationship.

第二十九条   扶养，适用一方当事人经常居所地法律、国籍国法律或者主要财产所在地法律中有利于保护被扶养人权益的法律。

Article 29 The laws in favor of protecting the rights and interests of the persons being maintained in the laws at the habitual residence, of the state of nationality or at the locality of the main properties of one party shall apply to maintenance.

第三十条   监护，适用一方当事人经常居所地法律或者国籍国法律中有利于保护被监护人权益的法律。

Article 30 The laws in favor of protecting the rights and interests of the ward in the laws at the habitual residence or of the state of nationality of one party shall apply to guardianship.

第四章 继 承

Chapter 4 Succession

第三十一条   法定继承，适用被继承人死亡时经常居所地法律，但不动产法定继承，适用不动产所在地法律。

Article 31 Statutory succession shall be governed by the law of the habitual residence of the deceased, but the Statutory succession of a real estate property shall be governed by the law of the place where such real estate property is located.

第三十二条   遗嘱方式，符合遗嘱人立遗嘱时或者死亡时经常居所地法律、国籍国法律或者遗嘱行为地法律的，遗嘱均为成立。

Article 32 A will which is made in compliance with the law of the habitual residence or the law of the country of nationality of the testator or the law of the place where the act of testament is carried out in force at the time of making the will or the time of death of the testator, shall be valid.

第三十三条   遗嘱效力，适用遗嘱人立遗嘱时或者死亡时经常居所地法律或者国籍国法律。

Article 33 The laws at the habitual residence or of the state of nationality when the testament is made or at the time of death of the testator shall apply to the validity of a testament.

第三十四条   遗产管理等事项，适用遗产所在地法律。

Article 34 The laws at the locality of an estate shall apply to the administration of estates and other related matters.

第三十五条   无人继承遗产的归属，适用被继承人死亡时遗产所在地法律。

Article 35 The laws at the locality of an estate at the time of death of the decedent shall apply to the disposition of a void estate.

第五章 物 权

Chapter 5 Property Rights

第三十六条   不动产物权，适用不动产所在地法律。

Article 36 The real right of a real estate property shall be governed by the law of the place where the real estate property is located.

第三十七条   当事人可以协议选择动产物权适用的法律。当事人没有选择的，适用法律事实发生时动产所在地法律。

Article 37 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to a movable property. Where the parties do not so select, the law of the place where the movable property is located shall apply.

第三十八条   当事人可以协议选择运输中动产物权发生变更适用的法律。当事人没有选择的，适用运输目的地法律。

Article 38 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to the change of property right of a movable property in transit. Where the parties do not so select, the law of the transport destination shall apply.

第三十九条   有价证券，适用有价证券权利实现地法律或者其他与该有价证券有最密切联系的法律。

Article 39 The laws at the locality of the realization of the rights of negotiable securities or other laws which have the closest relationship to the negotiable securities shall apply to negotiable securities.

第四十条   权利质权，适用质权设立地法律。

Article 40 For right pledges, the laws of the right pledges are established shall apply.

第六章 债 权

Chapter 6 Debt Rights

第四十一条   当事人可以协议选择合同适用的法律。当事人没有选择的，适用履行义务最能体现该合同特征的一方当事人经常居所地法律或者其他与该合同有最密切联系的法律。

Article 41 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to a contract. Where the parties do not so select, the law of the habitual residence of the party whose performance of the contractual obligations can best embody the characteristics of the contract, or other law most closely associated with the contract shall apply.

第四十二条   消费者合同，适用消费者经常居所地法律；消费者选择适用商品、服务提供地法律或者经营者在消费者经常居所地没有从事相关经营活动的，适用商品、服务提供地法律。

Article 42 Consumer contracts shall be governed by the law of the place of habitual residence of the consumer; where a consumer chooses the applicable law of the place where the goods or service is provided or the business operator is not engaged in relevant business activities in the place of habitual residence of the consumer, the law of the place where the goods or service is provided shall apply.

第四十三条   劳动合同，适用劳动者工作地法律；难以确定劳动者工作地的，适用用人单位主营业地法律。劳务派遣，可以适用劳务派出地法律。

Article 43 The laws at the working place shall apply to labor contracts; if it is difficult to determine the working place of a laborer, the laws at the main business place of the employer shall apply. Labour dispatch shall be governed by the laws of the place of dispatch.

第四十四条   侵权责任，适用侵权行为地法律，但当事人有共同经常居所地的，适用共同经常居所地法律。侵权行为发生后，当事人协议选择适用法律的，按照其协议。

Article 44 The laws at the place of tort shall apply to liabilities for tort, but if the parties have a common place of habitual residence, the laws at the common place of habitual residence shall apply. Where the parties agree to choose the applicable law by agreement after the tort occurs, the agreement shall be followed.

第四十五条   产品责任，适用被侵权人经常居所地法律；被侵权人选择适用侵权人主营业地法律、损害发生地法律的，或者侵权人在被侵权人经常居所地没有从事相关经营活动的，适用侵权人主营业地法律或者损害发生地法律。

Article 45 The laws at the habitual residence of the infringed shall apply to product liabilities; if the infringed chooses the laws at the main business place of the infringer or at the locality of the infringement, or the infringer has no relevant business operations at the habitual residence of the infringed, the laws at the main business place of the infringer or at the locality of the infringement shall apply.

第四十六条   通过网络或者采用其他方式侵害姓名权、肖像权、名誉权、隐私权等人格权的，适用被侵权人经常居所地法律。

Article 46 If such personal rights as the right of name, right of portrait, right of reputation and right of privacy are infringed upon online or by other means, the laws at the habitual residence of the infringed shall apply.

第四十七条   不当得利、无因管理，适用当事人协议选择适用的法律。当事人没有选择的，适用当事人共同经常居所地法律；没有共同经常居所地的，适用不当得利、无因管理发生地法律。

Article 47 For unjust enrichment or the management of affairs without mandate, the law chosen by the parties by agreement shall apply. Where the parties do not so select, the law of their common place of habitual residence shall apply; where there is no common place of habitual residence, the law of the place where the unjust enrichment or agent of necessity takes place shall apply.

第七章 知识产权

Chapter 7: Intellectual Property

第四十八条   知识产权的归属和内容，适用被请求保护地法律。

Article 48 The laws at the locality where protection is claimed shall apply to the ownership and contents of the intellectual property right.

第四十九条   当事人可以协议选择知识产权转让和许可使用适用的法律。当事人没有选择的，适用本法对合同的有关规定。

Article 49 The parties concerned may negotiate and choose the applicable laws for the transfer and licensing of intellectual property rights. If the parties have not made a choice, the relevant rules to the contracts in this Law shall apply.

第五十条   知识产权的侵权责任，适用被请求保护地法律，当事人也可以在侵权行为发生后协议选择适用法院地法律。

Article 50 The laws at the locality where protection is claimed shall apply to the liabilities for tort for intellectual property, the parties concerned may also choose the applicable laws at the locality of the court by agreement after the tort occurs.

第八章 附 则

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第五十一条   《中华人民共和国民法通则》第一百四十六条、第一百四十七条，《中华人民共和国继承法》第三十六条，与本法的规定不一致的，适用本法。

Article 51 Where Articles 146 and 147 of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China and Article 36 of the Law of Succession of the People 'Republic of China conflict with the provisions of this Law, the provisions of this Law shall prevail.

第五十二条   本法自2011年4月1日起施行。

Article 52 This Law shall be effective 1 April 2011.