法律文本

中華人民共和國涉外民事關系法律適用法

Law of the People’s Republic of China on Application of Law in Foreign-related Civil Relations

主席令第三十六號

Presidential Decree No. 36

《中華人民共和國涉外民事關系法律適用法》已由中華人民共和國第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十七次會議於2010年10月28日通過，現予公布，自2011年4月1日起施行。

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Application of Law in Foreign-related Civil Relations, which was adopted at the 17th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on 28 October 2010, is hereby promulgated and shall come into effect on 1 April 2011.

中華人民共和國主席 胡錦濤

President Hu Jintao

2010年10月28日

October 28, 2010

（2010年10月28日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十七次會議通過）

(Adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on 28 October 2010)

目 錄

Contents

  第一章 一般規定

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 民事主體

Chapter 2 Civil Entities

  第三章 婚姻家庭

Chapter III Marriage and Family

  第四章 繼 承

Chapter 4 Succession

  第五章 物 權

Chapter 5 Property Rights

  第六章 債 權

Chapter 6 Debt Rights

  第七章 知識產權

Chapter 7: Intellectual Property

  第八章 附 則

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 一般規定

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了明確涉外民事關系的法律適用，合理解決涉外民事爭議，維護當事人的合法權益，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purposes of clarifying the application of laws to foreign-related civil relations, reasonably resolving foreign-related civil disputes, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned.

第二條   涉外民事關系適用的法律，依照本法確定。其他法律對涉外民事關系法律適用另有特別規定的，依照其規定。

Article 2 For the laws applicable to civil relations involving foreigners, this Law shall be followed. Where other laws have special provisions for the application of laws to foreign-related civil relations, such provisions shall prevail.

本法和其他法律對涉外民事關系法律適用沒有規定的，適用與該涉外民事關系有最密切聯系的法律。

Where this Law and other laws have no provisions on the application of laws to foreign-related civil relations, the laws most closely related to the foreign-related civil relations shall apply.

第三條   當事人依照法律規定可以明示選擇涉外民事關系適用的法律。

Article 3 The parties may expressly select the law applicable to a foreign-related civil relation in accordance with the provisions of the law.

第四條   中華人民共和國法律對涉外民事關系有強制性規定的，直接適用該強制性規定。

Article 4 Where there are mandatory provisions on foreign-related civil relations in the laws of the People's Republic of China, such mandatory provisions shall apply directly.

第五條   外國法律的適用將損害中華人民共和國社會公共利益的，適用中華人民共和國法律。

Article 5 Where the application of foreign laws will damage the social public interests of the People's Republic of China, the laws of the People's Republic of China shall apply.

第六條   涉外民事關系適用外國法律，該國不同區域實施不同法律的，適用與該涉外民事關系有最密切聯系區域的法律。

Article 6 Where a foreign-related civil relation is governed by the law of a foreign country, if different regions of this country are governed by different laws, the law of the region most closely associated with the foreign-related civil relation shall apply.

第七條   訴訟時效，適用相關涉外民事關系應當適用的法律。

Article 7 For the time limits for litigations, the applicable laws on foreign-related civil relations shall apply.

第八條   涉外民事關系的定性，適用法院地法律。

Article 8 The nature of a foreign-related civil relation shall be determined in accordance with the law of the forum.

第九條   涉外民事關系適用的外國法律，不包括該國的法律適用法。

Article 9 Foreign laws applicable to foreign-related civil relations do not include the Law on the Application of Law of this country.

第十條   涉外民事關系適用的外國法律，由人民法院、仲裁機構或者行政機關查明。當事人選擇適用外國法律的，應當提供該國法律。

Article 10 Foreign laws applicable to foreign-related civil relations shall be ascertained by the people's court, arbitration institution or administrative organ. Where the parties concerned select to apply the laws of a foreign country, they shall provide the laws of such country.

不能查明外國法律或者該國法律沒有規定的，適用中華人民共和國法律。

Where a foreign law is unable to be ascertained or has no relevant stipulations, the law of the People's Republic of China shall apply.

第二章 民事主體

Chapter 2 Civil Entities

第十一條   自然人的民事權利能力，適用經常居所地法律。

Article 11 The laws at the habitual residence shall apply to the civil rights capacities of a natural person.

第十二條   自然人的民事行為能力，適用經常居所地法律。

Article 12 The laws at the habitual residence shall apply to the civil acts capacities of a natural person.

自然人從事民事活動，依照經常居所地法律為無民事行為能力，依照行為地法律為有民事行為能力的，適用行為地法律，但涉及婚姻家庭、繼承的除外。

Where a natural person engaged in civil activities has no capacity for civil conduct according to the law of the place of habitual residence of such person and has capacity for civil conduct according to the law of the place of conduct, the law of the place of conduct shall apply, except where marriage, family or succession is involved.

第十三條   宣告失蹤或者宣告死亡，適用自然人經常居所地法律。

Article 13 The laws at the habitual residence of a natural person shall apply to the declaration of disappearance or declaration of death.

第十四條   法人及其分支機構的民事權利能力、民事行為能力、組織機構、股東權利義務等事項，適用登記地法律。

Article 14 The laws at the locality of registration shall apply to such matters as the capacity for civil rights, capacity for civil conduct, organizational structure, and shareholders' rights and obligations of a legal person and its branches.

法人的主營業地與登記地不一致的，可以適用主營業地法律。法人的經常居所地，為其主營業地。

Where the principal place of business of a legal person is different from the place of registration, the laws of the principal place of business may apply. The place of habitual residence of a legal person is its principal place of business.

第十五條   人格權的內容，適用權利人經常居所地法律。

Article 15 The laws at the habitual residence of a right holder shall apply to the contents of his right of personality.

第十六條   代理適用代理行為地法律，但被代理人與代理人的民事關系，適用代理關系發生地法律。

Article 16 The laws at the locality of agency act shall apply to agency, but the laws at the locality of agency relation shall apply to the civil relations between a principal and an agent.

當事人可以協議選擇委托代理適用的法律。

The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to their principal-agent relationship.

第十七條   當事人可以協議選擇信托適用的法律。當事人沒有選擇的，適用信托財產所在地法律或者信托關系發生地法律。

Article 17 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to a trust. If the parties concerned have not made a choice, the laws in which the trust property is located or the trust relation occurs shall apply.

第十八條   當事人可以協議選擇仲裁協議適用的法律。當事人沒有選擇的，適用仲裁機構所在地法律或者仲裁地法律。

Article 18 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to arbitration agreements. Where the parties do not so select, the law of the place where the arbitration institution is located or the arbitration takes place shall apply.

第十九條   依照本法適用國籍國法律，自然人具有兩個以上國籍的，適用有經常居所的國籍國法律；在所有國籍國均無經常居所的，適用與其有最密切聯系的國籍國法律。自然人無國籍或者國籍不明的，適用其經常居所地法律。

Article 19 If the laws of the state of nationality are to apply in accordance with this Law and a natural person has two or more nationalities, the laws of the state of nationality in which he has a habitual residence shall apply; if he has no habitual residence in any of the states of nationality, the laws of the state of nationality with which he has the closest connection shall apply. Where a natural person has no nationality or his nationality is unclear, the laws at his habitual residence shall apply.

第二十條   依照本法適用經常居所地法律，自然人經常居所地不明的，適用其現在居所地法律。

Article 20 Where the laws at the habitual residence are to apply pursuant to this Law and the habitual residence of a natural person is unclear, the laws at his current residence shall apply.

第三章 婚姻家庭

Chapter III Marriage and Family

第二十一條   結婚條件，適用當事人共同經常居所地法律；沒有共同經常居所地的，適用共同國籍國法律；沒有共同國籍，在一方當事人經常居所地或者國籍國締結婚姻的，適用婚姻締結地法律。

Article 21 For marriage conditions, the laws of the parties' joint regular residence shall apply; if there is no joint regular residence, the joint nationality law shall apply; if there is no joint nationality, and the marriage is established in either party's regular residence or nationality country, the law of the place where the marriage is established shall apply.

第二十二條   結婚手續，符合婚姻締結地法律、一方當事人經常居所地法律或者國籍國法律的，均為有效。

Article 22 Marriage procedures performed in compliance with the law of the place where the marriage is registered or the law of either party's regular residence or nationality country shall be valid.

第二十三條   夫妻人身關系，適用共同經常居所地法律；沒有共同經常居所地的，適用共同國籍國法律。

Article 23 For the personal relations between husband and wife, the laws of their joint regular residence shall apply; if there is no joint regular residence, the joint nationality laws shall apply.

第二十四條   夫妻財產關系，當事人可以協議選擇適用一方當事人經常居所地法律、國籍國法律或者主要財產所在地法律。當事人沒有選擇的，適用共同經常居所地法律；沒有共同經常居所地的，適用共同國籍國法律。

Article 24 As for the property relationship between husband and wife, the parties concerned may choose the applicable laws at the habitual residence, of the state of nationality or at the locality of the main properties of one party by agreement. Where the parties do not so select, the law of their common place of habitual residence shall apply; where there is no common place of habitual residence, the law of their common country of nationality shall apply.

第二十五條   父母子女人身、財產關系，適用共同經常居所地法律；沒有共同經常居所地的，適用一方當事人經常居所地法律或者國籍國法律中有利於保護弱者權益的法律。

Article 25 The laws at the mutual habitual residence shall apply to the personal and property relations between parents and children; if there is no mutual habitual residence, the laws in favor of protecting the rights and interests of the weaker party in the laws at the habitual residence or of the state of nationality of one party shall apply.

第二十六條   協議離婚，當事人可以協議選擇適用一方當事人經常居所地法律或者國籍國法律。當事人沒有選擇的，適用共同經常居所地法律；沒有共同經常居所地的，適用共同國籍國法律；沒有共同國籍的，適用辦理離婚手續機構所在地法律。

Article 26 For divorces by agreement, the parties concerned may negotiate and choose the laws of the regular residence of either party or the nationality laws. Where the parties do not so select, the law of their common place of habitual residence shall apply; where there is no common place of habitual residence, the law of their common country of nationality shall apply; where there is no common nationality, the law of the place where the institution handling the divorce is located shall apply.

第二十七條   訴訟離婚，適用法院地法律。

Article 27 Divorce by litigation shall be governed by the law of the forum.

第二十八條   收養的條件和手續，適用收養人和被收養人經常居所地法律。收養的效力，適用收養時收養人經常居所地法律。收養關系的解除，適用收養時被收養人經常居所地法律或者法院地法律。

Article 28 The laws at the habitual residence of the adopter and the adoptee shall apply to the conditions and formalities of adoption. The laws at the habitual residence of the adopter at the time of adoption shall apply to the validity of adoption. The laws at the habitual residence of the adoptee at the time of adoption or at the locality of the court shall apply to the termination of the adoptive relationship.

第二十九條   扶養，適用一方當事人經常居所地法律、國籍國法律或者主要財產所在地法律中有利於保護被扶養人權益的法律。

Article 29 The laws in favor of protecting the rights and interests of the persons being maintained in the laws at the habitual residence, of the state of nationality or at the locality of the main properties of one party shall apply to maintenance.

第三十條   監護，適用一方當事人經常居所地法律或者國籍國法律中有利於保護被監護人權益的法律。

Article 30 The laws in favor of protecting the rights and interests of the ward in the laws at the habitual residence or of the state of nationality of one party shall apply to guardianship.

第四章 繼 承

Chapter 4 Succession

第三十一條   法定繼承，適用被繼承人死亡時經常居所地法律，但不動產法定繼承，適用不動產所在地法律。

Article 31 Statutory succession shall be governed by the law of the habitual residence of the deceased, but the Statutory succession of a real estate property shall be governed by the law of the place where such real estate property is located.

第三十二條   遺囑方式，符合遺囑人立遺囑時或者死亡時經常居所地法律、國籍國法律或者遺囑行為地法律的，遺囑均為成立。

Article 32 A will which is made in compliance with the law of the habitual residence or the law of the country of nationality of the testator or the law of the place where the act of testament is carried out in force at the time of making the will or the time of death of the testator, shall be valid.

第三十三條   遺囑效力，適用遺囑人立遺囑時或者死亡時經常居所地法律或者國籍國法律。

Article 33 The laws at the habitual residence or of the state of nationality when the testament is made or at the time of death of the testator shall apply to the validity of a testament.

第三十四條   遺產管理等事項，適用遺產所在地法律。

Article 34 The laws at the locality of an estate shall apply to the administration of estates and other related matters.

第三十五條   無人繼承遺產的歸屬，適用被繼承人死亡時遺產所在地法律。

Article 35 The laws at the locality of an estate at the time of death of the decedent shall apply to the disposition of a void estate.

第五章 物 權

Chapter 5 Property Rights

第三十六條   不動產物權，適用不動產所在地法律。

Article 36 The real right of a real estate property shall be governed by the law of the place where the real estate property is located.

第三十七條   當事人可以協議選擇動產物權適用的法律。當事人沒有選擇的，適用法律事實發生時動產所在地法律。

Article 37 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to a movable property. Where the parties do not so select, the law of the place where the movable property is located shall apply.

第三十八條   當事人可以協議選擇運輸中動產物權發生變更適用的法律。當事人沒有選擇的，適用運輸目的地法律。

Article 38 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to the change of property right of a movable property in transit. Where the parties do not so select, the law of the transport destination shall apply.

第三十九條   有價證券，適用有價證券權利實現地法律或者其他與該有價證券有最密切聯系的法律。

Article 39 The laws at the locality of the realization of the rights of negotiable securities or other laws which have the closest relationship to the negotiable securities shall apply to negotiable securities.

第四十條   權利質權，適用質權設立地法律。

Article 40 For right pledges, the laws of the right pledges are established shall apply.

第六章 債 權

Chapter 6 Debt Rights

第四十一條   當事人可以協議選擇合同適用的法律。當事人沒有選擇的，適用履行義務最能體現該合同特征的一方當事人經常居所地法律或者其他與該合同有最密切聯系的法律。

Article 41 The parties may select by agreement the law applicable to a contract. Where the parties do not so select, the law of the habitual residence of the party whose performance of the contractual obligations can best embody the characteristics of the contract, or other law most closely associated with the contract shall apply.

第四十二條   消費者合同，適用消費者經常居所地法律；消費者選擇適用商品、服務提供地法律或者經營者在消費者經常居所地沒有從事相關經營活動的，適用商品、服務提供地法律。

Article 42 Consumer contracts shall be governed by the law of the place of habitual residence of the consumer; where a consumer chooses the applicable law of the place where the goods or service is provided or the business operator is not engaged in relevant business activities in the place of habitual residence of the consumer, the law of the place where the goods or service is provided shall apply.

第四十三條   勞動合同，適用勞動者工作地法律；難以確定勞動者工作地的，適用用人單位主營業地法律。勞務派遣，可以適用勞務派出地法律。

Article 43 The laws at the working place shall apply to labor contracts; if it is difficult to determine the working place of a laborer, the laws at the main business place of the employer shall apply. Labour dispatch shall be governed by the laws of the place of dispatch.

第四十四條   侵權責任，適用侵權行為地法律，但當事人有共同經常居所地的，適用共同經常居所地法律。侵權行為發生後，當事人協議選擇適用法律的，按照其協議。

Article 44 The laws at the place of tort shall apply to liabilities for tort, but if the parties have a common place of habitual residence, the laws at the common place of habitual residence shall apply. Where the parties agree to choose the applicable law by agreement after the tort occurs, the agreement shall be followed.

第四十五條   產品責任，適用被侵權人經常居所地法律；被侵權人選擇適用侵權人主營業地法律、損害發生地法律的，或者侵權人在被侵權人經常居所地沒有從事相關經營活動的，適用侵權人主營業地法律或者損害發生地法律。

Article 45 The laws at the habitual residence of the infringed shall apply to product liabilities; if the infringed chooses the laws at the main business place of the infringer or at the locality of the infringement, or the infringer has no relevant business operations at the habitual residence of the infringed, the laws at the main business place of the infringer or at the locality of the infringement shall apply.

第四十六條   通過網絡或者采用其他方式侵害姓名權、肖像權、名譽權、隱私權等人格權的，適用被侵權人經常居所地法律。

Article 46 If such personal rights as the right of name, right of portrait, right of reputation and right of privacy are infringed upon online or by other means, the laws at the habitual residence of the infringed shall apply.

第四十七條   不當得利、無因管理，適用當事人協議選擇適用的法律。當事人沒有選擇的，適用當事人共同經常居所地法律；沒有共同經常居所地的，適用不當得利、無因管理發生地法律。

Article 47 For unjust enrichment or the management of affairs without mandate, the law chosen by the parties by agreement shall apply. Where the parties do not so select, the law of their common place of habitual residence shall apply; where there is no common place of habitual residence, the law of the place where the unjust enrichment or agent of necessity takes place shall apply.

第七章 知識產權

Chapter 7: Intellectual Property

第四十八條   知識產權的歸屬和內容，適用被請求保護地法律。

Article 48 The laws at the locality where protection is claimed shall apply to the ownership and contents of the intellectual property right.

第四十九條   當事人可以協議選擇知識產權轉讓和許可使用適用的法律。當事人沒有選擇的，適用本法對合同的有關規定。

Article 49 The parties concerned may negotiate and choose the applicable laws for the transfer and licensing of intellectual property rights. If the parties have not made a choice, the relevant rules to the contracts in this Law shall apply.

第五十條   知識產權的侵權責任，適用被請求保護地法律，當事人也可以在侵權行為發生後協議選擇適用法院地法律。

Article 50 The laws at the locality where protection is claimed shall apply to the liabilities for tort for intellectual property, the parties concerned may also choose the applicable laws at the locality of the court by agreement after the tort occurs.

第八章 附 則

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第五十一條   《中華人民共和國民法通則》第一百四十六條、第一百四十七條，《中華人民共和國繼承法》第三十六條，與本法的規定不一致的，適用本法。

Article 51 Where Articles 146 and 147 of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China and Article 36 of the Law of Succession of the People 'Republic of China conflict with the provisions of this Law, the provisions of this Law shall prevail.

第五十二條   本法自2011年4月1日起施行。

Article 52 This Law shall be effective 1 April 2011.