法律文本

中华人民共和国职业教育法

Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of

主席令第六十九号

Presidential Decree No. 69

《中华人民共和国职业教育法》已由中华人民共和国第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议于１９９６年５月１５日通过，现予公布，自１９９６年９月１日起施行。

The Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China which has been adopted at the 19th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on May 15, 1996 is promulgated now, and shall enter into force as of September 1, 1996.

中华人民共和国主席 江泽民

President of the PRC: Jiang Zemin

１９９６年５月１５日

May 15, 1996

（1996年5月15日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十九次会议通过 1996年5月15日中华人民共和国主席令第69号公布）

(Adopted at the 19th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress and promulgated by Order No. 69 of the President of the People's Republic of China on May 15, 1996)

目录

Contents

  第一章 总则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 职业教育体系

Chapter 2 Vocational Education System

  第三章 职业教育的实施

Chapter III Implementation of Vocational Education

  第四章 职业教育的保障条件

Chapter 4 Guarantee of Vocational Education

  第五章 附则

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 总则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为了实施科教兴国战略，发展职业教育，提高劳动者素质，促进社会主义现代化建设，根据教育法和劳动法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Education Law and the Labor Law in order to implement the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education, develop vocational education, improve the quality of workers and promote the construction of socialist modernization.

第二条   本法适用于各级各类职业学校教育和各种形式的职业培训。国家机关实施的对国家机关工作人员的专门培训由法律、行政法规另行规定。

Article 2 This Law shall apply to all kinds of vocational school education at various levels and vocational training in various forms. Special training conducted by state organs for their personnel shall be prescribed separately by laws and administrative rules and regulations.

第三条   职业教育是国家教育事业的重要组成部分，是促进经济、社会发展和劳动就业的重要途径。

Article 3 Vocational education constitutes an important part of the nation's educational undertakings as well as an important channel for promoting economic and social development and employment.

国家发展职业教育，推进职业教育改革，提高职业教育质量、建立、健全适应社会主义市场经济和社会迸步需要的职业教育制度。

The state shall develop the vocational education, push the vocational education reform, raise the quality of vocational education, establish and perfect a vocational education system that keeps abreast of the market economy and social progress.

第四条   实施职业教育必须贯彻国家教育方针，对受教育者进行思想政治教育和职业道德教育，传授职业知识，培养职业技能，进行职业指导，全面提高受教育者的素质。

Article 4 In the provision of vocational education, the State's educational principles shall be implemented, that is, ideological and political education and the education in professional ethics shall be conducted, vocational knowledge imparted, vocational skills fostered and vocational guidance provided to the educatees so as to enhance their quality in an all-round way.

第五条   公民有依法接受职业教育的权利。

Article 5 Citizens shall have the right to receive vocational education according to law.

第六条   各级人民政府应当将发展职业教育纳入国民经济和社会发展规划。

Article 6 People's governments at various levels shall incorporate the development of vocational education into their plans for national economic and social development.

行业组织和企业、事业组织应当依法履行实施职业教育的义务。

Trade organizations, enterprises and institutional organizations shall perform their duties to carry out vocational education according to law.

第七条   国家采取措施，发展农村职业教育，扶持少数民族地区、边远贫困地区职业教育的发展。

Article 7 The State adopts measures to develop vocational education in rural areas and provides support and assistance to areas inhabited by minority nationalities and outlying and poverty-stricken areas in developing vocational education.

国家采取措施，帮助妇女接受职业教育，组织失业人员接受各种形式的职业教育，扶持残疾人职业教育的发展。

The state shall adopt measures to help women receive vocational education, organize the unemployed to receive vocational education in various forms and give aid to the development of the vocational education for the disabled.

第八条   实施职业教育应当根据实际需要，同国家制定的职业分类和职业等级标准相适应，实行学历证书、培训证书和职业资格证书制度。

Article 8 The vocational education shall adopt systems of academic credentials, training certifications and vocational credentials in the light of actual needs and according to the vocational categories and vocational grade standards.

国家实行劳动者在就业前或者上岗前接受必要的职业教育的制度。

The state shall adopt a system under which workers shall receive necessary vocational education before getting employed or taking their posts.

第九条   国家鼓励并组织职业教育的科学研究。

Article 9 The State encourages and organizes scientific research in vocational education.

第十条   国家对在职业教育中作出显著成绩的单位和个人给予奖励。

Article 10 The State gives awards to units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in vocational education.

第十一条   国务院教育行政部门负责职业教育工作的统筹规划、综合协调、宏观管理。

Article 11 The administrative department for education under the State Council shall be in charge of the overall planning, comprehensive coordination of and macro control of vocational education.

国务院教育行政部门、劳动行政部门和其他有关部门在国务院规定的职责范围内，分别负责有关的职业教育工作。

The administrative departments for education, labor and other relevant departments under the State Council shall, within their respective functions and responsibilities defined by the State Council, be responsible for the different aspects of vocational education.

县级以上地方各级人民政府应当加强对本行政区域内职业教育工作的领导、统筹协调和督导评估。

Local people's governments at county level and above shall strengthen their leadership, overall coordination, supervision, guidance and assessment of vocational education in areas under their jurisdiction.

第二章 职业教育体系

Chapter 2 Vocational Education System

第十二条   国家根据不同地区的经济发展水平和教育普及程度，实施以初中后为重点的不同阶段的教育分流，建立、健全职业学校教育与职业培训并举，并与其他教育相互沟通、协调发展的职业教育体系。

Article 12 The state shall, in accordance with the economic development level and the situation of universal education of different regions, implement the educational division at different stages focusing on the post junior middle school education, establish and improve a vocational education system under which vocational education and vocational training shall be developed concurrently and vocational education shall be connected and coordinated with other education.

第十三条   职业学校教育分为初等、中等、高等职业学校教育。

Article 13 Vocational school education includes primary, secondary and higher vocational school education.

初等、中等职业学校教育分别由初等、中等职业学校实施；高等职业学校教育根据需要和条件由高等职业学校实施，或者由普通高等学校实施。其他学校按照教育行政部门的统筹规划，可以实施同层次的职业学校教育。

Primary and secondary vocational school education shall be conducted respectively by Primary and secondary vocational schools. Higher vocational school education shall be undertaken by Higher vocational schools or by common institutions of higher learning in accordance with the actual needs and conditions. Other schools may, in accordance with the overall planning by the education administrative department, implement vocational school education at corresponding levels.

第十四条   职业培训包括从业前培训、转业培训、学徒培训、在岗培训、转岗培训及其他职业性培训，可以根据实际情况分为初级、中级、高级职业培训。

Article 14 Vocational training includes training before employment, training for armymen transferred to civilian work, training for apprentices, on-the- job training, transfer training and other training of vocational nature. Vocational training may, according to actual conditions, be classified as primary, secondary or higher vocational training.

职业培训分别由相应的职业培训机构、职业学校实施。

Vocational training shall be respectively conducted by corresponding vocational training institutions and vocational schools.

其他学校或者教育机构可以根据办学能力，开展面向社会的、多种形式的职业培训。

Other schools or institutions of education may, depending on their own capabilities, provide various forms of vocational training to meet social needs.

第十五条   残疾人职业教育除由残疾人教育机构实施外，各级各类职业学校和职业培训机构及其他教育机构应当按照国家有关规定接纳残疾学生。

Article 15 In addition to the educational institutions for the disabled which shall give vocational education to the disabled, vocational schools, vocational training institutions and other educational institutions at various levels and of various types shall, in accordance with relevant provisions of the state, admit disabled students and give them vocational education.

第十六条   普通中学可以因地制宜地开设职业教育的课程，或者根据实际需要适当增加职业教育的教学内容。

Article 16 Common middle schools may, in line with local conditions, open vocational education courses or appropriately increase the contents of vocational education in accordance with the actual needs.

第三章 职业教育的实施

Chapter III Implementation of Vocational Education

第十七条   县级以上地方各级人民政府应当举办发挥骨干和示范作用的职业学校、职业培训机构，对农村、企业、事业组织、社会团体、其他社会组织及公民个人依法举办的职业学校和职业培训机构给予指导和扶持。

Article 17 People's governments at county level and above shall sponsor vocational schools and vocational training institutions and make them as mainstays and examples, give guidance and support to vocational schools and vocational training institutions held in accordance with law in rural areas or by enterprises, institutional organizations, social organizations, other social groups or individual citizens.

第十八条   县级人民政府应当适应农村经济、科学技术、教育统筹发展的需要，举办多种形式的职业教育，开展实用技术的培训，促进农村职业教育的发展。

Article 18 People's governments at county level shall, in accordance with the needs of overall and coordinated development of rural economy, agricultural science, technology and rural education, conduct vocational education in various forms, develop training of practical technology and promote the development of rural vocational education.

第十九条   政府主管部门、行业组织应当举办或者联合举办职业学校、职业培训机构，组织、协调、指导本行业的企业、事业组织举办职业学校、职业培训机构。

Article 19 Competent government authorities and trade organizations shall sponsor or jointly sponsor vocational schools or vocational training institutions, organize, coordinate and guide the enterprises and institutional organizations within their own sector or trade to sponsor vocational schools or vocational training institutions.

国家鼓励运用现代化教学手段，发展职业教育。

The State encourages the use of modern means of teaching in developing vocational education.

第二十条   企业应当根据本单位的实际，有计划地对本单位的职工和准备录用的人员实施职业教育。

Article 20 Enterprises shall give vocational education in a planned way to their staff and workers and candidates in accordance with their actual situation.

企业可以单独举办或者联合举办职业学校、职业培训机构，也可以委托学校、职业培训机构对本单位的职工和准备录用人员实施职业教育。

An enterprise may independently or jointly run a vocational school or vocational training institution or may entrust a vocational school or vocational training institution to conduct vocational education for its own employees or for the persons to be employed.

从事技术工种的职工，上岗前必须经过培训；从事特种作业的职工必须经过培训，并取得特种作业资格。

Staff and workers engaging in technical work must receive training before taking their posts. Staff and workers engaging in special work must receive training and obtain qualifications for special work.

第二十一条   国家鼓励事业组织、社会团体、其他社会组织及公民个人按照国家有关规定举办职业学校、职业培训机构。

Article 21 The State encourages institutions, mass organizations, other social organizations and individual citizens to run vocational schools and vocational training institutions in accordance with relevant State regulations.

境外的组织和个人在中国境内举办职业学校、职业培训机构的办法，由国务院规定。

Procedures for running vocational schools and vocational training institutions in China by foreign organizations or individuals shall be formulated by the State Council.

第二十二条   联合举办职业学校、职业培训机构，举办者应当签订联合办学合同。

Article 22 For jointly sponsoring a vocational school or vocational training institution, the sponsors shall enter into a contract for the joint sponsorship.

政府主管部门、行业组织、企业、事业组织委托学校、职业培训机构实施职业教育的，应当签订委托合同。

Where a competent department of the government, trade association, enterprise or institutional organization entrusts a vocational school or vocational training institution with vocational education, a contract shall be concluded for the entrustment.

第二十三条   职业学校、职业培训机构实施职业教育应当实行产教结合，为本地区经济建设服务，与企业密切联系，培养实用人才和熟练劳动者。

Article 23 In conducting vocational education, vocational schools and vocational training institutions shall combine education with practice, serve the local economic construction, maintain close ties with enterprises and train practical personnel and skilled workers.

职业学校、职业培训机构可以举办与职业教育有关的企业或者实习场所。

Vocational schools and vocational training institutions may run enterprises or internship places related to vocational education.

第二十四条   职业学校的设立，必须符合下列基本条件：

Article 24 For establishment of a vocational school, the following basic conditions must be satisfied:

（一）有组织机构和章程；

1. Having its organizational structure and articles of association;

（二）有合格的教师；

2. Having qualified teachers;

（三）有符合规定标准的教学场所、与职业教育相适应的设施、设备；

(III) Having teaching places in conformity with the prescribed standards and facilities and equipment suitable for the vocational education; and

（四）有必备的办学资金和稳定的经费来源。

(IV) Having necessary funds for running the school and stable sources of the funds.

职业培训机构的设立，必须符合下列基本条件：

For the establishment of a vocational training institution, the following basic conditions must be satisfied:

（一）有组织机构和管理制度；

1. having an organizational structure and management systems;

（二）有与培训任务相适应的教师和管理人员；

2. Have teachers and management personnel suitable to the training tasks;

（三）有与进行培训相适应的场所、设施、设备；

3. Having the premises, facilities and equipment fit for the training; and

（四）有相应的经费。

(IV) Having appropriate funds.

职业学校和职业培训机构的设立、变更和终止，应当按照国家有关规定执行。

The establishment, changes and termination of vocational schools and vocational training institutions shall be conducted according to relevant provisions of the state.

第二十五条   接受职业学校教育的学生，经学校考核合格，按照国家有关规定，发给学历证书。接受职业培训的学生，经培训的职业学校或者职业培训机构考核合格，按照国家有关规定，发给培训证书。

Article 25 A student who has received vocational school education and passed the school examination shall be issued a certificate of schooling in accordance with relevant State regulations. After passing the examination of the vocational schools or vocational training institutions which give the training, students receiving vocational training shall be granted with training certificates according to relevant provisions of the state.

学历证书、培训证书按照国家有关规定，作为职业学校、职业培训机构的毕业生、结业生从业的凭证。

Academic credentials and training certifications shall, in accordance with relevant provisions of the state, be used as certifications of graduates and trainees of vocational schools and vocational training institutions when they are employed.

第四章 职业教育的保障条件

Chapter 4 Guarantee of Vocational Education

第二十六条   国家鼓励通过多种渠道依法筹集发展职业教育的资金。

Article 26 The state encourages raising funds from various channels according to law for the development of vocational education.

第二十七条   省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当制定本地区职业学校学生人数平均经费标准；国务院有关部门应当会同国务院财政部门制定本部门职业学校学生人数平均经费标准。职业学校举办者应当按照学生人数平均经费标准足额拨付职业教育经费。

Article 27 People's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall determine the average financial standard per student of vocational schools in their administrative regions; relevant departments of the State Council shall, together with the financial department of the State Council, determine the average financial standard per student of vocational schools of their departments. Sponsors of vocational schools shall, in accordance with the average financial standards per student, appropriate in full the vocational education funds.

各级人民政府、国务院有关部门用于举办职业学校和职业培训机构的财政性经费应当逐步增长。

People's governments at various levels and relevant departments of the State Council shall increase step by step the financial allocations for vocational schools and vocational training institutions.

任何组织和个人不得挪用、克扣职业教育的经费。

No organization or individual may misappropriate or withhold vocational education funds.

第二十八条   企业应当承担对本单位的职工和准备录用的人员进行职业教育的费用，具体办法由国务院有关部门会同国务院财政部门或者由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府依法规定。

Article 28 Enterprises shall bear the expenses for vocational education given to their staff and workers and persons to be employed by them. The specific measures shall be formulated according to law by relevant departments of the State Council together with the finical department of the State Council or by people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government.

第二十九条   企业未按本法第二十条的规定实施职业教育的，县级以上地方人民政府应当责令改正；拒不改正的，可以收取企业应当承担的职业教育经费，用于本地区的职业教育。

Article 29 If an enterprise fails to conduct vocational education in accordance with Article 20 of this Law, the local people's government at county level or above shall order it to correct. If the enterprise refuses to correct, the vocational education funds that the enterprise should bear may be collected to be used for the local vocational education.

第三十条   省、自治区、直辖市人民政府按照教育法的有关规定决定开征的用于教育的地方附加费，可以专项或者安排一定比例用于职业教育。

Article 30 People's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government may set aside a special sum or arrange a certain proportion for vocational education from the local surcharges they have decided to levy for education in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Education Law.

第三十一条   各级人民政府可以将农村科学技术开发、技术推广的经费，适当用于农村职业培训。

Article 31 People's governments at various levels may allocate an appropriate part of the funds earmarked for developing agricultural science and technology or for spreading the technology for rural vocational training.

第三十二条   职业学校、职业培训机构可以对接受中等、高等职业学校教育和职业培训的学生适当收取学费，对经济困难的学生和残疾学生应当酌情减免。收费办法由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。

Article 32 Vocational schools and vocational training institutions may charge their students receiving secondary or higher vocational school education or vocational training an appropriate sum of tuition, but they shall, at their discretion, reduce or exempt the students who have financial difficulties or who are disabled. The measures for collecting fees shall be formulated by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

国家支持企业、事业组织、社会团体、其他社会组织及公民个人按照国家有关规定设立职业教育奖学金、贷学金，奖励学习成绩优秀的学生或者资助经济困难的学生。

The State supports enterprises, institutions, public organizations, other social organizations and individual citizens in their efforts to establish scholarships and/or grant loans, in accordance with relevant State regulations, for the purpose of awarding students with outstanding academic achievements or assisting students with financial difficulties.

第三十三条   职业学校、职业培训机构举办企业和从事社会服务的收入应当主要用于发展职业教育。

Article 33 Incomes received by vocational schools and vocational training institutions from the running of enterprises and provision of social service shall be mainly used to develop vocational education.

第三十四条   国家鼓励金融机构运用信贷手段，扶持发展职业教育。

Article 34 The State encourages financial institutions to support and develop vocational education by providing loans.

第三十五条   国家鼓励企业、事业组织、社会团体、其他社会组织及公民个人对职业教育捐资助学，鼓励境外的组织和个人对职业教育提供资助和捐赠。提供的资助和捐赠，必须用于职业教育。

Article 35 The state encourages enterprises, institutional organizations, social organizations, other social groups and citizens to donate to vocational education, encourages organizations and individuals from abroad to give financial aid or make donations to vocational education. The aid and donations provided must be used for vocational education.

第三十六条   县级以上各级人民政府和有关部门应当将职业教育教师的培养和培训工作纳入教师队伍建设规划，保证职业教育教师队伍适应职业教育发展的需要。

Article 36 People's governments at county level and above and relevant departments shall incorporate the training of vocational education teachers into the planning of construction of contingent of teachers, so as to ensure that the contingent of vocational education teachers can satisfy the needs of the development of vocational education.

职业学校和职业培训机构可以聘请专业技术人员、有特殊技能的人员和其他教育机构的教师担任兼职教师。有关部门和单位应当提供方便。

Vocational schools and vocational training institutions may employ specialized technical persons, persons with special technical ability and teachers of other educational institutions as part-time teachers. The relevant authorities and units shall facilitate such employment.

第三十七条   国务院有关部门、县级以上地方各级人民政府以及举办职业学校、职业培训机构的组织、公民个人，应当加强职业教育生产实习基地的建设。

Article 37 Relevant departments of the State Council, local people's governments at county level and above and the organizations and citizens running vocational schools and vocational training institutions shall strengthen the construction of production and training bases for vocational education.

企业、事业组织应当接纳职业学校和职业培训机构的学生和教师实习；对上岗实习的，应当给予适当的劳动报酬。

Enterprises and institutional organizations shall accept the students and teachers from vocational schools and vocational training institutions to do internship and those doing internship on certain posts shall be paid properly.

第三十八条   县级以上各级人民政府和有关部门应当建立、健全职业教育服务体系，加强职业教育教材的编辑、出版和发行工作。

Article 38 People's governments at county level and above and relevant authorities shall establish and improve a service system for vocational education and reinforce the work of edition, publishing and distribution of teaching materials for vocational education.

第五章 附则

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

第三十九条   在职业教育活动中违反教育法规定的，应当依照教育法的有关规定给予处罚。

Article 39 Whoever violates the provisions of the Education Law in vocational education activities shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Education Law.

第四十条   本法自１９９６年９月１日起施行。

Article 40 This Law shall go into effect as of September 1, 1996.