法律文本

中華人民共和國職業教育法

Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of

主席令第六十九號

Presidential Decree No. 69

《中華人民共和國職業教育法》已由中華人民共和國第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十九次會議於１９９６年５月１５日通過，現予公布，自１９９６年９月１日起施行。

The Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic of China which has been adopted at the 19th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on May 15, 1996 is promulgated now, and shall enter into force as of September 1, 1996.

中華人民共和國主席 江澤民

President of the PRC: Jiang Zemin

１９９６年５月１５日

May 15, 1996

（1996年5月15日第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十九次會議通過 1996年5月15日中華人民共和國主席令第69號公布）

(Adopted at the 19th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress and promulgated by Order No. 69 of the President of the People's Republic of China on May 15, 1996)

目錄

Contents

  第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 職業教育體系

Chapter 2 Vocational Education System

  第三章 職業教育的實施

Chapter III Implementation of Vocational Education

  第四章 職業教育的保障條件

Chapter 4 Guarantee of Vocational Education

  第五章 附則

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了實施科教興國戰略，發展職業教育，提高勞動者素質，促進社會主義現代化建設，根據教育法和勞動法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Education Law and the Labor Law in order to implement the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education, develop vocational education, improve the quality of workers and promote the construction of socialist modernization.

第二條   本法適用於各級各類職業學校教育和各種形式的職業培訓。國家機關實施的對國家機關工作人員的專門培訓由法律、行政法規另行規定。

Article 2 This Law shall apply to all kinds of vocational school education at various levels and vocational training in various forms. Special training conducted by state organs for their personnel shall be prescribed separately by laws and administrative rules and regulations.

第三條   職業教育是國家教育事業的重要組成部分，是促進經濟、社會發展和勞動就業的重要途徑。

Article 3 Vocational education constitutes an important part of the nation's educational undertakings as well as an important channel for promoting economic and social development and employment.

國家發展職業教育，推進職業教育改革，提高職業教育質量、建立、健全適應社會主義市場經濟和社會迸步需要的職業教育制度。

The state shall develop the vocational education, push the vocational education reform, raise the quality of vocational education, establish and perfect a vocational education system that keeps abreast of the market economy and social progress.

第四條   實施職業教育必須貫徹國家教育方針，對受教育者進行思想政治教育和職業道德教育，傳授職業知識，培養職業技能，進行職業指導，全面提高受教育者的素質。

Article 4 In the provision of vocational education, the State's educational principles shall be implemented, that is, ideological and political education and the education in professional ethics shall be conducted, vocational knowledge imparted, vocational skills fostered and vocational guidance provided to the educatees so as to enhance their quality in an all-round way.

第五條   公民有依法接受職業教育的權利。

Article 5 Citizens shall have the right to receive vocational education according to law.

第六條   各級人民政府應當將發展職業教育納入國民經濟和社會發展規劃。

Article 6 People's governments at various levels shall incorporate the development of vocational education into their plans for national economic and social development.

行業組織和企業、事業組織應當依法履行實施職業教育的義務。

Trade organizations, enterprises and institutional organizations shall perform their duties to carry out vocational education according to law.

第七條   國家采取措施，發展農村職業教育，扶持少數民族地區、邊遠貧困地區職業教育的發展。

Article 7 The State adopts measures to develop vocational education in rural areas and provides support and assistance to areas inhabited by minority nationalities and outlying and poverty-stricken areas in developing vocational education.

國家采取措施，幫助婦女接受職業教育，組織失業人員接受各種形式的職業教育，扶持殘疾人職業教育的發展。

The state shall adopt measures to help women receive vocational education, organize the unemployed to receive vocational education in various forms and give aid to the development of the vocational education for the disabled.

第八條   實施職業教育應當根據實際需要，同國家制定的職業分類和職業等級標準相適應，實行學曆證書、培訓證書和職業資格證書制度。

Article 8 The vocational education shall adopt systems of academic credentials, training certifications and vocational credentials in the light of actual needs and according to the vocational categories and vocational grade standards.

國家實行勞動者在就業前或者上崗前接受必要的職業教育的制度。

The state shall adopt a system under which workers shall receive necessary vocational education before getting employed or taking their posts.

第九條   國家鼓勵並組織職業教育的科學研究。

Article 9 The State encourages and organizes scientific research in vocational education.

第十條   國家對在職業教育中作出顯著成績的單位和個人給予獎勵。

Article 10 The State gives awards to units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in vocational education.

第十一條   國務院教育行政部門負責職業教育工作的統籌規劃、綜合協調、宏觀管理。

Article 11 The administrative department for education under the State Council shall be in charge of the overall planning, comprehensive coordination of and macro control of vocational education.

國務院教育行政部門、勞動行政部門和其他有關部門在國務院規定的職責範圍內，分別負責有關的職業教育工作。

The administrative departments for education, labor and other relevant departments under the State Council shall, within their respective functions and responsibilities defined by the State Council, be responsible for the different aspects of vocational education.

縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當加強對本行政區域內職業教育工作的領導、統籌協調和督導評估。

Local people's governments at county level and above shall strengthen their leadership, overall coordination, supervision, guidance and assessment of vocational education in areas under their jurisdiction.

第二章 職業教育體系

Chapter 2 Vocational Education System

第十二條   國家根據不同地區的經濟發展水平和教育普及程度，實施以初中後為重點的不同階段的教育分流，建立、健全職業學校教育與職業培訓並舉，並與其他教育相互溝通、協調發展的職業教育體系。

Article 12 The state shall, in accordance with the economic development level and the situation of universal education of different regions, implement the educational division at different stages focusing on the post junior middle school education, establish and improve a vocational education system under which vocational education and vocational training shall be developed concurrently and vocational education shall be connected and coordinated with other education.

第十三條   職業學校教育分為初等、中等、高等職業學校教育。

Article 13 Vocational school education includes primary, secondary and higher vocational school education.

初等、中等職業學校教育分別由初等、中等職業學校實施；高等職業學校教育根據需要和條件由高等職業學校實施，或者由普通高等學校實施。其他學校按照教育行政部門的統籌規劃，可以實施同層次的職業學校教育。

Primary and secondary vocational school education shall be conducted respectively by Primary and secondary vocational schools. Higher vocational school education shall be undertaken by Higher vocational schools or by common institutions of higher learning in accordance with the actual needs and conditions. Other schools may, in accordance with the overall planning by the education administrative department, implement vocational school education at corresponding levels.

第十四條   職業培訓包括從業前培訓、轉業培訓、學徒培訓、在崗培訓、轉崗培訓及其他職業性培訓，可以根據實際情況分為初級、中級、高級職業培訓。

Article 14 Vocational training includes training before employment, training for armymen transferred to civilian work, training for apprentices, on-the- job training, transfer training and other training of vocational nature. Vocational training may, according to actual conditions, be classified as primary, secondary or higher vocational training.

職業培訓分別由相應的職業培訓機構、職業學校實施。

Vocational training shall be respectively conducted by corresponding vocational training institutions and vocational schools.

其他學校或者教育機構可以根據辦學能力，開展面向社會的、多種形式的職業培訓。

Other schools or institutions of education may, depending on their own capabilities, provide various forms of vocational training to meet social needs.

第十五條   殘疾人職業教育除由殘疾人教育機構實施外，各級各類職業學校和職業培訓機構及其他教育機構應當按照國家有關規定接納殘疾學生。

Article 15 In addition to the educational institutions for the disabled which shall give vocational education to the disabled, vocational schools, vocational training institutions and other educational institutions at various levels and of various types shall, in accordance with relevant provisions of the state, admit disabled students and give them vocational education.

第十六條   普通中學可以因地制宜地開設職業教育的課程，或者根據實際需要適當增加職業教育的教學內容。

Article 16 Common middle schools may, in line with local conditions, open vocational education courses or appropriately increase the contents of vocational education in accordance with the actual needs.

第三章 職業教育的實施

Chapter III Implementation of Vocational Education

第十七條   縣級以上地方各級人民政府應當舉辦發揮骨幹和示範作用的職業學校、職業培訓機構，對農村、企業、事業組織、社會團體、其他社會組織及公民個人依法舉辦的職業學校和職業培訓機構給予指導和扶持。

Article 17 People's governments at county level and above shall sponsor vocational schools and vocational training institutions and make them as mainstays and examples, give guidance and support to vocational schools and vocational training institutions held in accordance with law in rural areas or by enterprises, institutional organizations, social organizations, other social groups or individual citizens.

第十八條   縣級人民政府應當適應農村經濟、科學技術、教育統籌發展的需要，舉辦多種形式的職業教育，開展實用技術的培訓，促進農村職業教育的發展。

Article 18 People's governments at county level shall, in accordance with the needs of overall and coordinated development of rural economy, agricultural science, technology and rural education, conduct vocational education in various forms, develop training of practical technology and promote the development of rural vocational education.

第十九條   政府主管部門、行業組織應當舉辦或者聯合舉辦職業學校、職業培訓機構，組織、協調、指導本行業的企業、事業組織舉辦職業學校、職業培訓機構。

Article 19 Competent government authorities and trade organizations shall sponsor or jointly sponsor vocational schools or vocational training institutions, organize, coordinate and guide the enterprises and institutional organizations within their own sector or trade to sponsor vocational schools or vocational training institutions.

國家鼓勵運用現代化教學手段，發展職業教育。

The State encourages the use of modern means of teaching in developing vocational education.

第二十條   企業應當根據本單位的實際，有計劃地對本單位的職工和準備錄用的人員實施職業教育。

Article 20 Enterprises shall give vocational education in a planned way to their staff and workers and candidates in accordance with their actual situation.

企業可以單獨舉辦或者聯合舉辦職業學校、職業培訓機構，也可以委托學校、職業培訓機構對本單位的職工和準備錄用人員實施職業教育。

An enterprise may independently or jointly run a vocational school or vocational training institution or may entrust a vocational school or vocational training institution to conduct vocational education for its own employees or for the persons to be employed.

從事技術工種的職工，上崗前必須經過培訓；從事特種作業的職工必須經過培訓，並取得特種作業資格。

Staff and workers engaging in technical work must receive training before taking their posts. Staff and workers engaging in special work must receive training and obtain qualifications for special work.

第二十一條   國家鼓勵事業組織、社會團體、其他社會組織及公民個人按照國家有關規定舉辦職業學校、職業培訓機構。

Article 21 The State encourages institutions, mass organizations, other social organizations and individual citizens to run vocational schools and vocational training institutions in accordance with relevant State regulations.

境外的組織和個人在中國境內舉辦職業學校、職業培訓機構的辦法，由國務院規定。

Procedures for running vocational schools and vocational training institutions in China by foreign organizations or individuals shall be formulated by the State Council.

第二十二條   聯合舉辦職業學校、職業培訓機構，舉辦者應當簽訂聯合辦學合同。

Article 22 For jointly sponsoring a vocational school or vocational training institution, the sponsors shall enter into a contract for the joint sponsorship.

政府主管部門、行業組織、企業、事業組織委托學校、職業培訓機構實施職業教育的，應當簽訂委托合同。

Where a competent department of the government, trade association, enterprise or institutional organization entrusts a vocational school or vocational training institution with vocational education, a contract shall be concluded for the entrustment.

第二十三條   職業學校、職業培訓機構實施職業教育應當實行產教結合，為本地區經濟建設服務，與企業密切聯系，培養實用人才和熟練勞動者。

Article 23 In conducting vocational education, vocational schools and vocational training institutions shall combine education with practice, serve the local economic construction, maintain close ties with enterprises and train practical personnel and skilled workers.

職業學校、職業培訓機構可以舉辦與職業教育有關的企業或者實習場所。

Vocational schools and vocational training institutions may run enterprises or internship places related to vocational education.

第二十四條   職業學校的設立，必須符合下列基本條件：

Article 24 For establishment of a vocational school, the following basic conditions must be satisfied:

（一）有組織機構和章程；

1. Having its organizational structure and articles of association;

（二）有合格的教師；

2. Having qualified teachers;

（三）有符合規定標準的教學場所、與職業教育相適應的設施、設備；

(III) Having teaching places in conformity with the prescribed standards and facilities and equipment suitable for the vocational education; and

（四）有必備的辦學資金和穩定的經費來源。

(IV) Having necessary funds for running the school and stable sources of the funds.

職業培訓機構的設立，必須符合下列基本條件：

For the establishment of a vocational training institution, the following basic conditions must be satisfied:

（一）有組織機構和管理制度；

1. having an organizational structure and management systems;

（二）有與培訓任務相適應的教師和管理人員；

2. Have teachers and management personnel suitable to the training tasks;

（三）有與進行培訓相適應的場所、設施、設備；

3. Having the premises, facilities and equipment fit for the training; and

（四）有相應的經費。

(IV) Having appropriate funds.

職業學校和職業培訓機構的設立、變更和終止，應當按照國家有關規定執行。

The establishment, changes and termination of vocational schools and vocational training institutions shall be conducted according to relevant provisions of the state.

第二十五條   接受職業學校教育的學生，經學校考核合格，按照國家有關規定，發給學曆證書。接受職業培訓的學生，經培訓的職業學校或者職業培訓機構考核合格，按照國家有關規定，發給培訓證書。

Article 25 A student who has received vocational school education and passed the school examination shall be issued a certificate of schooling in accordance with relevant State regulations. After passing the examination of the vocational schools or vocational training institutions which give the training, students receiving vocational training shall be granted with training certificates according to relevant provisions of the state.

學曆證書、培訓證書按照國家有關規定，作為職業學校、職業培訓機構的畢業生、結業生從業的憑證。

Academic credentials and training certifications shall, in accordance with relevant provisions of the state, be used as certifications of graduates and trainees of vocational schools and vocational training institutions when they are employed.

第四章 職業教育的保障條件

Chapter 4 Guarantee of Vocational Education

第二十六條   國家鼓勵通過多種渠道依法籌集發展職業教育的資金。

Article 26 The state encourages raising funds from various channels according to law for the development of vocational education.

第二十七條   省、自治區、直轄市人民政府應當制定本地區職業學校學生人數平均經費標準；國務院有關部門應當會同國務院財政部門制定本部門職業學校學生人數平均經費標準。職業學校舉辦者應當按照學生人數平均經費標準足額撥付職業教育經費。

Article 27 People's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall determine the average financial standard per student of vocational schools in their administrative regions; relevant departments of the State Council shall, together with the financial department of the State Council, determine the average financial standard per student of vocational schools of their departments. Sponsors of vocational schools shall, in accordance with the average financial standards per student, appropriate in full the vocational education funds.

各級人民政府、國務院有關部門用於舉辦職業學校和職業培訓機構的財政性經費應當逐步增長。

People's governments at various levels and relevant departments of the State Council shall increase step by step the financial allocations for vocational schools and vocational training institutions.

任何組織和個人不得挪用、克扣職業教育的經費。

No organization or individual may misappropriate or withhold vocational education funds.

第二十八條   企業應當承擔對本單位的職工和準備錄用的人員進行職業教育的費用，具體辦法由國務院有關部門會同國務院財政部門或者由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府依法規定。

Article 28 Enterprises shall bear the expenses for vocational education given to their staff and workers and persons to be employed by them. The specific measures shall be formulated according to law by relevant departments of the State Council together with the finical department of the State Council or by people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government.

第二十九條   企業未按本法第二十條的規定實施職業教育的，縣級以上地方人民政府應當責令改正；拒不改正的，可以收取企業應當承擔的職業教育經費，用於本地區的職業教育。

Article 29 If an enterprise fails to conduct vocational education in accordance with Article 20 of this Law, the local people's government at county level or above shall order it to correct. If the enterprise refuses to correct, the vocational education funds that the enterprise should bear may be collected to be used for the local vocational education.

第三十條   省、自治區、直轄市人民政府按照教育法的有關規定決定開征的用於教育的地方附加費，可以專項或者安排一定比例用於職業教育。

Article 30 People's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government may set aside a special sum or arrange a certain proportion for vocational education from the local surcharges they have decided to levy for education in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Education Law.

第三十一條   各級人民政府可以將農村科學技術開發、技術推廣的經費，適當用於農村職業培訓。

Article 31 People's governments at various levels may allocate an appropriate part of the funds earmarked for developing agricultural science and technology or for spreading the technology for rural vocational training.

第三十二條   職業學校、職業培訓機構可以對接受中等、高等職業學校教育和職業培訓的學生適當收取學費，對經濟困難的學生和殘疾學生應當酌情減免。收費辦法由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府規定。

Article 32 Vocational schools and vocational training institutions may charge their students receiving secondary or higher vocational school education or vocational training an appropriate sum of tuition, but they shall, at their discretion, reduce or exempt the students who have financial difficulties or who are disabled. The measures for collecting fees shall be formulated by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

國家支持企業、事業組織、社會團體、其他社會組織及公民個人按照國家有關規定設立職業教育獎學金、貸學金，獎勵學習成績優秀的學生或者資助經濟困難的學生。

The State supports enterprises, institutions, public organizations, other social organizations and individual citizens in their efforts to establish scholarships and/or grant loans, in accordance with relevant State regulations, for the purpose of awarding students with outstanding academic achievements or assisting students with financial difficulties.

第三十三條   職業學校、職業培訓機構舉辦企業和從事社會服務的收入應當主要用於發展職業教育。

Article 33 Incomes received by vocational schools and vocational training institutions from the running of enterprises and provision of social service shall be mainly used to develop vocational education.

第三十四條   國家鼓勵金融機構運用信貸手段，扶持發展職業教育。

Article 34 The State encourages financial institutions to support and develop vocational education by providing loans.

第三十五條   國家鼓勵企業、事業組織、社會團體、其他社會組織及公民個人對職業教育捐資助學，鼓勵境外的組織和個人對職業教育提供資助和捐贈。提供的資助和捐贈，必須用於職業教育。

Article 35 The state encourages enterprises, institutional organizations, social organizations, other social groups and citizens to donate to vocational education, encourages organizations and individuals from abroad to give financial aid or make donations to vocational education. The aid and donations provided must be used for vocational education.

第三十六條   縣級以上各級人民政府和有關部門應當將職業教育教師的培養和培訓工作納入教師隊伍建設規劃，保證職業教育教師隊伍適應職業教育發展的需要。

Article 36 People's governments at county level and above and relevant departments shall incorporate the training of vocational education teachers into the planning of construction of contingent of teachers, so as to ensure that the contingent of vocational education teachers can satisfy the needs of the development of vocational education.

職業學校和職業培訓機構可以聘請專業技術人員、有特殊技能的人員和其他教育機構的教師擔任兼職教師。有關部門和單位應當提供方便。

Vocational schools and vocational training institutions may employ specialized technical persons, persons with special technical ability and teachers of other educational institutions as part-time teachers. The relevant authorities and units shall facilitate such employment.

第三十七條   國務院有關部門、縣級以上地方各級人民政府以及舉辦職業學校、職業培訓機構的組織、公民個人，應當加強職業教育生產實習基地的建設。

Article 37 Relevant departments of the State Council, local people's governments at county level and above and the organizations and citizens running vocational schools and vocational training institutions shall strengthen the construction of production and training bases for vocational education.

企業、事業組織應當接納職業學校和職業培訓機構的學生和教師實習；對上崗實習的，應當給予適當的勞動報酬。

Enterprises and institutional organizations shall accept the students and teachers from vocational schools and vocational training institutions to do internship and those doing internship on certain posts shall be paid properly.

第三十八條   縣級以上各級人民政府和有關部門應當建立、健全職業教育服務體系，加強職業教育教材的編輯、出版和發行工作。

Article 38 People's governments at county level and above and relevant authorities shall establish and improve a service system for vocational education and reinforce the work of edition, publishing and distribution of teaching materials for vocational education.

第五章 附則

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

第三十九條   在職業教育活動中違反教育法規定的，應當依照教育法的有關規定給予處罰。

Article 39 Whoever violates the provisions of the Education Law in vocational education activities shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Education Law.

第四十條   本法自１９９６年９月１日起施行。

Article 40 This Law shall go into effect as of September 1, 1996.