法律文本

中华人民共和国农村土地承包法（2018修正）

Law of the People's Republic of China on Land Contract in Rural Areas (Revision 2018)

（2002年8月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议通过 2002年8月29日中华人民共和国主席令第七十三号公布 根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改部分法律的决定》第一次修正 根据2018年12月29日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国农村土地承包法〉的决定》第二次修正）

(Adopted at the 29th session of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on August 29, 2002 and issued under the Order of the President [2002] No.73 on August 29, 2002; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws passed at the 10th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 27, 2009; and amended for the second time according to the Decision on Revising the Law of the People's Republic of China on Land Contract in Rural Areas passed at the 7th session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on December 29, 2018)

第一章 总 则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为了巩固和完善以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制，保持农村土地承包关系稳定并长久不变，维护农村土地承包经营当事人的合法权益，促进农业、农村经济发展和农村社会和谐稳定，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of consolidating and improving the two-tier management system that combines centralized and decentralized management on the basis of household contractual management, keeping the contractual management of rural land stable for a long time, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the contractual management of rural land, and promoting the development of agriculture and rural economy and social harmony and stability in the countryside.

第二条   本法所称农村土地，是指农民集体所有和国家所有依法由农民集体使用的耕地、林地、草地，以及其他依法用于农业的土地。

Article 2 For purposes of this Law, land in rural areas includes the arable land, forestlands and grasslands owned collectively by the peasants and by the State and used collectively by the peasants according to law, as well as other lands used for agriculture according to law.

第三条   国家实行农村土地承包经营制度。

Article 3 The State applies the contractual management system in respect of land in rural areas.

农村土地承包采取农村集体经济组织内部的家庭承包方式，不宜采取家庭承包方式的荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等农村土地，可以采取招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式承包。

Land contract in rural areas shall take the form of household contract within the collective economic organizations in the countryside, while such land in rural areas as barren mountains, gullies, hills and beaches, which are not suited to the form of household contract, may be contracted in such forms as bid invitation, auction and public consultation.

第四条   农村土地承包后，土地的所有权性质不变。承包地不得买卖。

Article 4 After the land in rural areas is contracted, the nature of ownership of the land shall remain unchanged. The contracted land may not be purchased or sold.

第五条   农村集体经济组织成员有权依法承包由本集体经济组织发包的农村土地。

Article 5 Members of the collective economic organizations in rural areas shall, according to law, have the right to undertake rural land contracts with their own collective economic organizations that give out the contracts.

任何组织和个人不得剥夺和非法限制农村集体经济组织成员承包土地的权利。

No organizations or individuals may deprive the members of the rural collective economic organizations of their right to undertake contracts or illegally restrict such right.

第六条   农村土地承包，妇女与男子享有平等的权利。承包中应当保护妇女的合法权益，任何组织和个人不得剥夺、侵害妇女应当享有的土地承包经营权。

Article 6 In undertaking land contracts in rural areas, women shall enjoy equal rights with men. The lawful rights and interests of women shall be protected in contract. No organizations or individuals may deprive their rights to land contractual management, which they are entitled to, or infringe upon such right.

第七条   农村土地承包应当坚持公开、公平、公正的原则，正确处理国家、集体、个人三者的利益关系。

Article 7 In land contract in rural areas, the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality shall be adhered to and the relationship of interests among the State, the collective and the individual shall be correctly handled.

第八条   国家保护集体土地所有者的合法权益，保护承包方的土地承包经营权，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。

Article 8 The State protects the legitimate rights and interests of the owners of the collective land and the right of the contractors to land contractual management, which no organizations and individuals may infringe upon.

第九条   承包方承包土地后，享有土地承包经营权，可以自己经营，也可以保留土地承包权，流转其承包地的土地经营权，由他人经营。

Article 9 After contracting land, the contractor shall enjoy the right to land contractual management, and may conduct the management by itself or retain the right to land contractual management, and shall transfer the right to land management of the contracted land to another person for management.

第十条   国家保护承包方依法、自愿、有偿流转土地经营权，保护土地经营权人的合法权益，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。

Article 10 The State protects the legal, voluntary and compensatory transfer of the right to management of land by the contractor and protects the lawful rights and interests of the holder of the right to management of land, which no organization or individual may infringe upon.

第十一条   农村土地承包经营应当遵守法律、法规，保护土地资源的合理开发和可持续利用。未经依法批准不得将承包地用于非农建设。

Article 11 In contractual management of rural land, laws and administrative rules and regulations shall be observed, and the rational development and sustainable use of land resources shall be protected. Any contracted land may not be used for non-agricultural development without approval.

国家鼓励增加对土地的投入，培肥地力，提高农业生产能力。

The State shall encourage increase investment in land, improve soil fertility and enhance agricultural production capacity.

第十二条   国务院农业农村、林业和草原主管部门分别依照国务院规定的职责负责全国农村土地承包经营及承包经营合同管理的指导。

Article 12 The departments in charge of agricultural and rural affairs, forestry and grassland under the State Council shall, in compliance with their respective duties defined by the State Council, be responsible for providing guidance to the administration of the contracts for the contractual management of rural land throughout the country.

县级以上地方人民政府农业农村、林业和草原等主管部门分别依照各自职责，负责本行政区域内农村土地承包经营及承包经营合同管理。

The competent departments for agricultural and rural affairs, forestry and grassland, etc. under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in compliance with their respective functions and duties, be responsible for administration of the contractual management of the rural land within their own administrative areas and the administration of the contracts.

乡（镇）人民政府负责本行政区域内农村土地承包经营及承包经营合同管理。

The township (town) people's governments shall be responsible for the administration of the contractual management of rural land within their own administrative areas and of the contracts for the contractual management.

第二章 家庭承包

Chapter 2 Household Contract

第一节 发包方和承包方的权利和义务

Section 1 Rights and Obligations of the Employer and the Contractor

第十三条   农民集体所有的土地依法属于村农民集体所有的，由村集体经济组织或者村民委员会发包；已经分别属于村内两个以上农村集体经济组织的农民集体所有的，由村内各该农村集体经济组织或者村民小组发包。村集体经济组织或者村民委员会发包的，不得改变村内各集体经济组织农民集体所有的土地的所有权。

Article 13 Where the land owned collectively by the peasants belongs, in accordance with law, to collective ownership by the peasants in a village, contracts shall be given out by the collective economic organization of the village or the villagers committee; where the land is already owned collectively by the peasants of more than two rural collective economic organizations in a village, contracts shall be given out respectively by the said organizations or villagers groups in the village. Where contracts are issued by the rural collective economic organizations or villagers committees in a village, the ownership of the land owned collectively by the peasants of the collective economic organizations in the village shall remain unchanged.

国家所有依法由农民集体使用的农村土地，由使用该土地的农村集体经济组织、村民委员会或者村民小组发包。

Where rural land owned by the State but is used collectively by the peasants according to law, contracts shall be issued by the rural collective economic organizations, villagers committees or villagers groups that use such land.

第十四条   发包方享有下列权利：

Article 14 The party giving out the contracts shall enjoy the following rights:

（一）发包本集体所有的或者国家所有依法由本集体使用的农村土地；

1. giving out contracts for the rural land owned by the collective to which the party belongs or owned by the State but is used by the said collective according to law;

（二）监督承包方依照承包合同约定的用途合理利用和保护土地；

(II) to supervise the rational use and protection of the land by the contractor in keeping with the purpose of use agreed upon in the contract;

（三）制止承包方损害承包地和农业资源的行为；

(III) stopping the contractor from damaging the contracted land and agricultural resources; and

（四）法律、行政法规规定的其他权利。

(IV) Other rights provided for by laws and administrative regulations.

第十五条   发包方承担下列义务：

Article 15 A contracting-out party shall bear the following obligations:

（一）维护承包方的土地承包经营权，不得非法变更、解除承包合同；

1. maintaining the contractor's right to land contractual management, and refraining from illegally modifying and revoking the contract;

（二）尊重承包方的生产经营自主权，不得干涉承包方依法进行正常的生产经营活动；

(II) respecting the contractor's right to make its own decision on production and operation, and refraining from interfering with the normal production and operation conducted by the contractor according to law;

（三）依照承包合同约定为承包方提供生产、技术、信息等服务；

(III) providing the contractor services in respect of production, technology, information, etc. as agreed upon in the contract;

（四）执行县、乡（镇）土地利用总体规划，组织本集体经济组织内的农业基础设施建设；

(IV) carrying out the overall plan for land utilization worked out by counties or townships (towns) and making arrangements for the construction of agricultural infrastructure within their own collective economic organizations; and

（五）法律、行政法规规定的其他义务。

(V) Other obligations stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

第十六条   家庭承包的承包方是本集体经济组织的农户。

Article 16 The contractor of a household contract shall be the peasant household of the collective economic organization concerned.

农户内家庭成员依法平等享有承包土地的各项权益。

Family members of a peasant household shall equally enjoy various rights and interests of the contracted land in accordance with the law.

第十七条   承包方享有下列权利：

Article 17 The contractor shall enjoy the following rights:

（一）依法享有承包地使用、收益的权利，有权自主组织生产经营和处置产品；

1. enjoying in accordance with law the right to use and reap the benefit of the contracted land, and the right to make its own decision regarding the arrangements for production and operation as well as the disposition of the products;

（二）依法互换、转让土地承包经营权；

2. Exchanging or transferring the right to contractual management of land according to law;

（三）依法流转土地经营权；

(III) transferring the land management right according to law;

（四）承包地被依法征收、征用、占用的，有权依法获得相应的补偿；

(IV) enjoying in accordance with law corresponding compensation for the contracted land that is expropriated or requisitioned or occupied according to law; and

（五）法律、行政法规规定的其他权利。

(V) Other rights provided for by laws and administrative regulations.

第十八条   承包方承担下列义务：

Article 18 The contractor shall have the following obligations:

（一）维持土地的农业用途，未经依法批准不得用于非农建设；

1. keeping or using the land for agricultural purposes, and refraining from using it for non-agricultural development without obtaining approval in accordance with law;

（二）依法保护和合理利用土地，不得给土地造成永久性损害；

(II) protecting and rationally using the land in accordance with law, and refraining from causing permanent damage to the land;

（三）法律、行政法规规定的其他义务。

(III) Other obligations stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

第二节 承包的原则和程序

Section 2 Principles and Procedures for Contracting

第十九条   土地承包应当遵循以下原则：

Article 19 The following principles shall be abided by in the contracting of land:

（一）按照规定统一组织承包时，本集体经济组织成员依法平等地行使承包土地的权利，也可以自愿放弃承包土地的权利；

1. when arrangements are made for undertaking contracts in accordance with relevant provisions, members of the same collective economic organization shall, according to law and on an equal footing, exercise the right to contract land, and they may, of their own free will, give up such right;

（二）民主协商，公平合理；

2. democratic consultation, fairness and reasonableness;

（三）承包方案应当按照本法第十三条的规定，依法经本集体经济组织成员的村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意；

3. in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of this Law, the contracting plan shall, according to law, be subject to consent by not less than two-thirds of the members of the villagers assembly of the collective economic organization concerned or of the villagers' representatives; and

（四）承包程序合法。

(IV) the procedures for contracting are lawful.

第二十条   土地承包应当按照以下程序进行：

Article 20 Land shall be contracted out in accordance with the following procedures:

（一）本集体经济组织成员的村民会议选举产生承包工作小组；

1. a contract- working team shall be elected by the villagers assembly of the collective economic organization concerned;

（二）承包工作小组依照法律、法规的规定拟订并公布承包方案；

2. the contract- working team shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations, draw up and announce its contracting plan;

（三）依法召开本集体经济组织成员的村民会议，讨论通过承包方案；

(III) convening, according to law, the villagers assembly of the collective economic organization concerned to adopt the contracting plan through discussion;

（四）公开组织实施承包方案；

(IV) making known to the public arrangements for the implementation of the contracting plan;

（五）签订承包合同。

(V) signing a contract.

第三节 承包期限和承包合同

Section 3 Article Nine Contracting Period and Contract

第二十一条   耕地的承包期为三十年。草地的承包期为三十年至五十年。林地的承包期为三十年至七十年。

Article 21 The contractual term for arable land shall be 30 years. The contractual term for grassland shall be 30 up to 50 years. The term of contract for forestland ranges from 30 to 70 years.

前款规定的耕地承包期届满后再延长三十年，草地、林地承包期届满后依照前款规定相应延长。

The contractual term for arable land as stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be extended by 30 years upon expiry, and the contractual term for grassland and forest land shall be extended correspondingly pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph upon expiry.

第二十二条   发包方应当与承包方签订书面承包合同。

Article 22 The party giving the contract shall sign a written contract with the contractor.

承包合同一般包括以下条款：

In general a contract shall contain the following clauses:

（一）发包方、承包方的名称，发包方负责人和承包方代表的姓名、住所；

1. the names of the party giving out the contract and the contractor, and the names and domiciles of the responsible person of the party giving out the contract and the representative of the contractor;

（二）承包土地的名称、坐落、面积、质量等级；

2. the name, location, area and quality grade of the contracted land;

（三）承包期限和起止日期；

(III) the term of contract and the dates of beginning and end;

（四）承包土地的用途；

4. the purpose of use of the contracted land;

（五）发包方和承包方的权利和义务；

(V) the rights and obligations of the party giving out the contract and the contractor;

（六）违约责任。

(VI) Liabilities for breach of contract.

第二十三条   承包合同自成立之日起生效。承包方自承包合同生效时取得土地承包经营权。

Article 23 A contract shall go into effect as of the date of its conclusion. The contractor shall obtain the right to land contractual management as of the date the contract goes into effect.

第二十四条   国家对耕地、林地和草地等实行统一登记，登记机构应当向承包方颁发土地承包经营权证或者林权证等证书，并登记造册，确认土地承包经营权。

Article 24 The State shall implement unified registration of arable land, forest land and grassland, etc, the registration authorities shall issue a certificate of land contracted management rights or certificate of forest rights, etc to the contractor, and process registration in the register to confirm land contracted management rights.

土地承包经营权证或者林权证等证书应当将具有土地承包经营权的全部家庭成员列入。

All family members with the right to land contractual management shall be included in the certificate of the right to land contractual management or the certificate of the right to forestland contractual management.

登记机构除按规定收取证书工本费外，不得收取其他费用。

The registration authority shall not charge any other fees except for the cost of the certificate.

第二十五条   承包合同生效后，发包方不得因承办人或者负责人的变动而变更或者解除，也不得因集体经济组织的分立或者合并而变更或者解除。

Article 25 After a contract goes into effect, the party giving out the contract may neither modify nor revoke the contract due to the change of the representative for the party giving out the contract or the responsible person concerned, or due to the split or merger of the collective economic organization.

第二十六条   国家机关及其工作人员不得利用职权干涉农村土地承包或者变更、解除承包合同。

Article 26 No State organs or their staff members may, taking advantage of their positions and powers, interfere with the contracting of rural land or modify or revoke contracts.

第四节 土地承包经营权的保护和互换、转让

Section 4 Protection, Exchange and Transfer of the Right to Land Contractual Management

第二十七条   承包期内，发包方不得收回承包地。

Article 27 During the term of contract, the party giving out the contract may not take back the contracted land.

国家保护进城农户的土地承包经营权。不得以退出土地承包经营权作为农户进城落户的条件。

The State shall protect the right of the rural households entering the cities to contract and operate the land. The withdrawal from the land contracting and management right shall not be a condition for farmers to become urban residents.

承包期内，承包农户进城落户的，引导支持其按照自愿有偿原则依法在本集体经济组织内转让土地承包经营权或者将承包地交回发包方，也可以鼓励其流转土地经营权。

Where contracting farmer households have settled in cities and towns during the contracting term, they shall be guided and supported to, in accordance with the law and on the voluntary and compensatory basis, transfer the right to land contractual management within their own collective economic organizations or return the contracted land to the contract-issuing party, and they may also be encouraged to transfer the right to land management.

承包期内，承包方交回承包地或者发包方依法收回承包地时，承包方对其在承包地上投入而提高土地生产能力的，有权获得相应的补偿。

When during the term of contract, the contractor turns back the contracted land, in which he has made investment, thus increasing its production capacity, or the party giving out the contract takes it back according to law, the contractor shall have the right to obtain appropriate compensation.

第二十八条   承包期内，发包方不得调整承包地。

Article 28 During the term of contract, the party giving out the contract may not readjust the contracted land.

承包期内，因自然灾害严重毁损承包地等特殊情形对个别农户之间承包的耕地和草地需要适当调整的，必须经本集体经济组织成员的村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意，并报乡（镇）人民政府和县级人民政府农业农村、林业和草原等主管部门批准。承包合同中约定不得调整的，按照其约定。

Where during the term of contract, such special circumstances as natural calamities that seriously damaged the contracted land make it necessary to properly readjust the arable land or grasslands contracted by individual peasant households, the matter shall be subject to consent by not less than two-thirds of the members of the villagers assembly of the collective economic organization concerned or of the villagers' representatives and shall be reported for approval to the competent departments for agricultural and rural affairs, forestry and grassland under the township (town) people's government and the people's government at the county level. Where an agreement upon no adjustments is concluded in the contract, such an agreement shall prevail.

第二十九条   下列土地应当用于调整承包土地或者承包给新增人口：

Article 29 The following land shall be used for readjustment of contracted land or for contracting out to new inhabitants:

（一）集体经济组织依法预留的机动地；

1. land reserved, according to law, by collective economic organizations;

（二）通过依法开垦等方式增加的；

2. land increased through reclamation according to law, etc.; and

（三）发包方依法收回和承包方依法、自愿交回的。

(III) The contract-issuing party takes back the land according to law and the contractor takes back the land voluntarily.

第三十条   承包期内，承包方可以自愿将承包地交回发包方。承包方自愿交回承包地的，可以获得合理补偿，但是应当提前半年以书面形式通知发包方。承包方在承包期内交回承包地的，在承包期内不得再要求承包土地。

Article 30 During the term of contract, the contractor may, of his own free will, turn back the contracted land to the party giving out the contract. Where a contractor wishes to do so, he may obtain reasonable compensation, but he shall notify the party giving out the contract of the fact six months in advance. Where a contractor turns back the contracted land during the term of contract, he may no longer request to undertake a contract for land within the term.

第三十一条   承包期内，妇女结婚，在新居住地未取得承包地的，发包方不得收回其原承包地；妇女离婚或者丧偶，仍在原居住地生活或者不在原居住地生活但在新居住地未取得承包地的，发包方不得收回其原承包地。

Article 31 During the term of contract, a woman gets married and undertakes no contract for land in the place of her new residence, the party giving out the contract may not take back her originally contracted land.

第三十二条   承包人应得的承包收益，依照继承法的规定继承。

Article 32 The benefits derived from the contract which are due to contractor shall be inherited in accordance with the provisions of the Law of Succession.

林地承包的承包人死亡，其继承人可以在承包期内继续承包。

In case a contractor for forestland is dead, his/her successor may, within the term of contract, continue to undertake the contract.

第三十三条   承包方之间为方便耕种或者各自需要，可以对属于同一集体经济组织的土地的土地承包经营权进行互换，并向发包方备案。

Article 33 Contractors may, for the convenience of farming or for their own needs, exchange between themselves the right to contractual management of the land belonging to the same collective economic organization, and shall report to the party giving out the contract for the record.

第三十四条   经发包方同意，承包方可以将全部或者部分的土地承包经营权转让给本集体经济组织的其他农户，由该农户同发包方确立新的承包关系，原承包方与发包方在该土地上的承包关系即行终止。

Article 34 With the consent of the party giving out the contract, the contractor may transfer the total or part of his right to land contractual management to other peasant households of the collective economic organization concerned, and this peasant household shall establish a new contractual relationship with the party giving out the contract, thereupon the contractual relationship on this land between the former contractor and the party giving out the contract is terminated.

第三十五条   土地承包经营权互换、转让的，当事人可以向登记机构申请登记。未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。

Article 35 In case of the exchange or transfer of the right to land contractual management, the parties may apply for registration to the registration organ. Where registration has not been completed, action may not be taken against any bona fide third party.

第五节 土地经营权

Section 5 Land Operation Right

第三十六条   承包方可以自主决定依法采取出租（转包）、入股或者其他方式向他人流转土地经营权，并向发包方备案。

Article 36 The contractor may, at its own discretion, decide to transfer the right to land management to others by leasing (sub-contracting), buying a share or by other means according to law, and report the transfer to the party giving out the contract for the record.

第三十七条   土地经营权人有权在合同约定的期限内占有农村土地，自主开展农业生产经营并取得收益。

Article 37 The land management right holders shall have the right to occupy the rural land within the time limit agreed upon in the contract to independently carry out agricultural production and operation and obtain benefits.

第三十八条   土地经营权流转应当遵循以下原则：

Article 38 Land management rights shall be circulated in adherence to the following principles:

（一）依法、自愿、有偿，任何组织和个人不得强迫或者阻碍土地经营权流转；

1. Pursuant to law, and on a voluntary and compensable basis, no organization or individual may compel or impede the transfer of land management rights;

（二）不得改变土地所有权的性质和土地的农业用途，不得破坏农业综合生产能力和农业生态环境；

(II) No change shall be made to the nature of the land ownership or the agricultural use of the land, and no damage shall be done to the overall agricultural production capacity or the agricultural ecological environment; and

（三）流转期限不得超过承包期的剩余期限；

(III) the term of circulation may not exceed the remaining term of the term of contract;

（四）受让方须有农业经营能力或者资质；

(IV) The assignee shall have the agricultural management capacity or qualification; and

（五）在同等条件下，本集体经济组织成员享有优先权。

(V) Under the same conditions, any member of the collective economic organization concerned shall enjoy priority.

第三十九条   土地经营权流转的价款，应当由当事人双方协商确定。流转的收益归承包方所有，任何组织和个人不得擅自截留、扣缴。

Article 39 The price of land management rights shall be determined through consultation between the two parties. Proceeds derived from the circulation shall belong to the contractor, which no organizations or individuals may retain or withhold without authorization.

第四十条   土地经营权流转，当事人双方应当签订书面流转合同。

Article 40. The parties concerned shall enter into a written transfer contract for the transfer of land management rights.

土地经营权流转合同一般包括以下条款：

In general, land operation right transfer contracts shall contain the following terms:

（一）双方当事人的姓名、住所；

1. the names and domiciles of the two parties;

（二）流转土地的名称、坐落、面积、质量等级；

2. The name, location, area and quality grade of the land concerned;

（三）流转期限和起止日期；

(III) the allotment term and the starting and ending dates;

（四）流转土地的用途；

(IV) the use of the land concerned;

（五）双方当事人的权利和义务；

(V) Rights and obligations of both parties;

（六）流转价款及支付方式；

(VI) allotment payment and mode of payment;

（七）土地被依法征收、征用、占用时有关补偿费的归属；

(VII) ownership of the relevant compensation fees for land expropriation, requisition and occupation according to law;

（八）违约责任。

(VIII) Liabilities for breach of contract.

承包方将土地交由他人代耕不超过一年的，可以不签订书面合同。

Where the period in which the contractor lets another person do farm work on his behalf does not exceed one year, a written contract may be dispensed with.

第四十一条   土地经营权流转期限为五年以上的，当事人可以向登记机构申请土地经营权登记。未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。

Article 41 Where the land management rights are circulated for five years or more, the parties concerned may apply to the registration authority for registration of land management rights. Where registration has not been completed, action may not be taken against any bona fide third party.

第四十二条   承包方不得单方解除土地经营权流转合同，但受让方有下列情形之一的除外：

Article 42 The contractor may not unilaterally rescind the contract for the transfer of land management right except under any of the following circumstances:

（一）擅自改变土地的农业用途；

1. Changing the agricultural purposes of the land without authorization;

（二）弃耕抛荒连续两年以上；

2. Continuous two years or more since the abandonment and abandonment of land;

（三）给土地造成严重损害或者严重破坏土地生态环境；

(III) Causing serious damages to the land or seriously destroying the land ecological environment;

（四）其他严重违约行为。

(IV) other serious breaches of contract.

第四十三条   经承包方同意，受让方可以依法投资改良土壤，建设农业生产附属、配套设施，并按照合同约定对其投资部分获得合理补偿。

Article 43 Upon consent of the contractor, the assignee may, in accordance with the law, invest in improving the soil, building auxiliary or supporting facilities for agricultural production, and may, as agreed in the contract, receive reasonable compensation for its investment.

第四十四条   承包方流转土地经营权的，其与发包方的承包关系不变。

Article 44 Where a contractor transfers his right to the management of land, the contracting relationship between the contractor and the party giving out the contract shall remain unchanged.

第四十五条   县级以上地方人民政府应当建立工商企业等社会资本通过流转取得土地经营权的资格审查、项目审核和风险防范制度。

Article 45 Local People's Governments of county level and above shall establish a qualification examination, project examination and approval and risk prevention system for obtaining land management rights through transfer by social capital such as industrial and commercial enterprises, etc.

工商企业等社会资本通过流转取得土地经营权的，本集体经济组织可以收取适量管理费用。

Where industrial and commercial enterprises and other social capital obtain the land management right through circulation, the collective economic organization concerned may charge appropriate management fees.

具体办法由国务院农业农村、林业和草原主管部门规定。

The competent departments for agricultural and rural affairs, forestry and grassland under the State Council shall provide detailed measures.

第四十六条   经承包方书面同意，并向本集体经济组织备案，受让方可以再流转土地经营权。

Article 46 With the written consent of the contractor and reporting to the collective economic organization for the record, the assignee may re-transfer the right to the management of the land.

第四十七条   承包方可以用承包地的土地经营权向金融机构融资担保，并向发包方备案。受让方通过流转取得的土地经营权，经承包方书面同意并向发包方备案，可以向金融机构融资担保。

Article 47 The contractor may use the land management right of the contracted land to provide financing guarantee to the financial institution, and shall report the same to the contract-issuing party for the record. Where the transferee obtains the land management right through circulation, it may provide financing guarantee to the financial institution after being approved by the contractor in writing and filed with the contract issuing party.

担保物权自融资担保合同生效时设立。当事人可以向登记机构申请登记；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。

The real rights for security shall be established as of the effective date of the financing guarantee contract. The parties may apply to the registration authority for registration; without registration, the parties may not challenge any bona fide third party.

实现担保物权时，担保物权人有权就土地经营权优先受偿。

When real rights for security are realized, the holder of real rights for security has the right to seek preferential payments in respect of the land management right.

土地经营权融资担保办法由国务院有关部门规定。

Measures on financing guarantee for land management rights shall be stipulated by the relevant departments of the State Council.

第三章 其他方式的承包

Chapter 3 Contract by Other Means

第四十八条   不宜采取家庭承包方式的荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等农村土地，通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式承包的，适用本章规定。

Article 48 The provisions in this Chapter shall be applicable to such land in the rural areas as barren mountains, gullies, hills and beaches which are not suited to household contract but are contracted through bid invitation, auction, public consultation, etc.

第四十九条   以其他方式承包农村土地的，应当签订承包合同，承包方取得土地经营权。当事人的权利和义务、承包期限等，由双方协商确定。以招标、拍卖方式承包的，承包费通过公开竞标、竞价确定；以公开协商等方式承包的，承包费由双方议定。

Article 49 Where rural land is contracted by other means, a contract shall be concluded, and the contractor shall acquire the right to land management. The rights and obligations of the parties and the term of contract shall be determined through consultation by the two parties. Where land is contracted through bid invitation or auction, the contracting fees shall be determined through public competitive bidding and competitive pricing; and where land is contracted through public consultation, etc., the contracting fees shall be determined by the two parties through discussion.

第五十条   荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等可以直接通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式实行承包经营，也可以将土地经营权折股分给本集体经济组织成员后，再实行承包经营或者股份合作经营。

Article 50 Barren mountains, gullies, hills and beaches may directly be undertaken for contractual management by such means as bid invitation, auction and public consultation, or may also be undertaken for contractual management or for joint-stock cooperative management after the right to land management is converted into shares and distributed to the members of the collective economic organization concerned.

承包荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩的，应当遵守有关法律、行政法规的规定，防止水土流失，保护生态环境。

Persons who enter into contracts for barren mountains, gullies, hills and beaches shall abide by the provisions of the relevant laws and administrative rules and regulations, prevent soil erosion and protect the ecological environment.

第五十一条   以其他方式承包农村土地，在同等条件下，本集体经济组织成员有权优先承包。

Article 51 Where rural land is contracted by other means, under equal conditions, members of the collective economic organization concerned have the priority to undertake the contract.

第五十二条   发包方将农村土地发包给本集体经济组织以外的单位或者个人承包，应当事先经本集体经济组织成员的村民会议三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意，并报乡（镇）人民政府批准。

Article 52 Where the party giving out contracts gives out the contracts for rural land to units or individuals other than the ones of the collective economic organization concerned, the matter shall first subject to consent by not less than two-thirds of the members of the villagers assembly, or of the villagers' representatives, of the collective economic organization concerned and it shall be submitted to the township (town) people's government for approval.

由本集体经济组织以外的单位或者个人承包的，应当对承包方的资信情况和经营能力进行审查后，再签订承包合同。

Where units or individuals other than the ones of the collective economic organization concerned undertake contracts, the contracts shall be concluded only after examination of the credit position and management capability of the contractors.

第五十三条   通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式承包农村土地，经依法登记取得权属证书的，可以依法采取出租、入股、抵押或者其他方式流转土地经营权。

Article 53 Where a person enters into a contract for rural land through bid invitation, auction or public consultation and, after registration in accordance with law, obtains the certificate of the right of ownership, he may, in accordance with law, allot the right to the management of the land by means of lease, pooling of shares, mortgage or by other means.

第五十四条   依照本章规定通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式取得土地经营权的，该承包人死亡，其应得的承包收益，依照继承法的规定继承；在承包期内，其继承人可以继续承包。

Article 54 Where a contractor dies and obtains the right to land management through bid invitation, auction or public consultation in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, the benefits derived from the contract which are due him shall be inherited in accordance with the provisions of the Law of Succession; and within the term of contract his successor may continue to execute the contract.

第四章 争议的解决和法律责任

Chapter 4 Dispute Resolution and Legal Liability

第五十五条   因土地承包经营发生纠纷的，双方当事人可以通过协商解决，也可以请求村民委员会、乡（镇）人民政府等调解解决。

Article 55 Where dispute arises over the contractual management of land, the two parties may settle the dispute though consultation and may request the villagers assembly or the township (town) people's government to help settle the dispute though mediation.

当事人不愿协商、调解或者协商、调解不成的，可以向农村土地承包仲裁机构申请仲裁，也可以直接向人民法院起诉。

Where the parties are not willing to have it settled through consultation or mediation or consultation or mediation is not successful, they may apply to an arbitral body in charge of rural land contracts for arbitration, or directly bring a suit in the People's Court.

第五十六条   任何组织和个人侵害土地承包经营权、土地经营权的，应当承担民事责任。

Article 56 Any organisation or individual that infringes upon the right to land contractual management or the right to land management shall bear civil liability.

第五十七条   发包方有下列行为之一的，应当承担停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险、返还财产、恢复原状、赔偿损失等民事责任：

Article 57 Where the party giving out the contract commits one of the following acts, it shall bear such civil responsibilities as desisting from the infringement, removing obstacles, eliminating dangers, returning property, restoring the original state, paying compensation for losses, etc.:

（一）干涉承包方依法享有的生产经营自主权；

1. interfering with the right to decision-making for production and operation enjoyed by a contractor according to law;

（二）违反本法规定收回、调整承包地；

2. taking back or readjusting the contracted land in violation of the provisions of this Law;

（三）强迫或者阻碍承包方进行土地承包经营权的互换、转让或者土地经营权流转；

(III) compelling a contractor to exchange or transfer his right to land contractual management, or circulate his right to land contractual management or prevent the contractor from doing so;

（四）假借少数服从多数强迫承包方放弃或者变更土地承包经营权；

(IV) compelling a contractor to give up or modify his right to land contractual management on the pretext that the minority is subordinate to the majority;

（五）以划分“口粮田”和“责任田”等为由收回承包地搞招标承包；

(V) taking back the contracted land by reason of the need to divide the land into "grain rations fields" and "responsibility fields" in order to contract it out through bid invitation;

（六）将承包地收回抵顶欠款；

(VI) taking back the contracted land to pay off its debts;

（七）剥夺、侵害妇女依法享有的土地承包经营权；

(VII) depriving women of the right to land contractual management that they enjoy according to law or infringing on such right; and

（八）其他侵害土地承包经营权的行为。

(VIII) other acts infringing upon the right to land contractual management.

第五十八条   承包合同中违背承包方意愿或者违反法律、行政法规有关不得收回、调整承包地等强制性规定的约定无效。

Article 58 Any agreements in a contract concluded against the will of a contractor or in violation of the relevant compulsory provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations against the taking back and readjusting of the contracted land shall be invalid.

第五十九条   当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行义务不符合约定的，应当依法承担违约责任。

Article 59. Where one of the parties does not perform a contractual obligation, or does not perform a contractual obligation as agreed, the said party shall be liable for breach of contract in accordance with the law.

第六十条   任何组织和个人强迫进行土地承包经营权互换、转让或者土地经营权流转的，该互换、转让或者流转无效。

Article 60 In case any organization or individual conducts the exchange, transfer or circulation of the right to land contractual management under coercion, such exchange, transfer or circulation shall be invalidated.

第六十一条   任何组织和个人擅自截留、扣缴土地承包经营权互换、转让或者土地经营权流转收益的，应当退还。

Article 61 Any organization or individual that, without authorization, detains or withholds the proceeds derived from the exchange, transfer or circulation of the right to land contractual management shall return such proceeds.

第六十二条   违反土地管理法规，非法征收、征用、占用土地或者贪污、挪用土地征收、征用补偿费用，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；造成他人损害的，应当承担损害赔偿等责任。

Article 62 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the regulations on land administration, requisitions or occupies land or embezzles or misappropriates the compensations paid for the requisitioned land, which constitutes a crime, it/he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law; and if damages are caused to others, it/he shall bear such responsibilities as paying compensation for the damages.

第六十三条   承包方、土地经营权人违法将承包地用于非农建设的，由县级以上地方人民政府有关主管部门依法予以处罚。

Article 63 Where a contractor or land management right holder illegally uses the contracted land for non-agricultural development, the relevant competent department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall impose penalties in accordance with the law.

承包方给承包地造成永久性损害的，发包方有权制止，并有权要求赔偿由此造成的损失。

Where the contractor causes permanent damages to the contracted land, the party awarding the contract shall have the right to stop it and to claim compensation for the losses caused thereby.

第六十四条   土地经营权人擅自改变土地的农业用途、弃耕抛荒连续两年以上、给土地造成严重损害或者严重破坏土地生态环境，承包方在合理期限内不解除土地经营权流转合同的，发包方有权要求终止土地经营权流转合同。土地经营权人对土地和土地生态环境造成的损害应当予以赔偿。

Article 64 Where a land management right holder changes, without authorization, the use of land for agricultural purposes, or for two consecutive years or more, which causes serious damage to the land or serious damage to the ecological environment of the land, and the contractor fails to rescind the contract on the transfer of land management right within a reasonable period, the contract-issuing party shall have the right to terminate the contract on the transfer of land management right. Land management right holders shall pay compensation for the damage caused to land and land ecological environment.

第六十五条   国家机关及其工作人员有利用职权干涉农村土地承包经营，变更、解除承包经营合同，干涉承包经营当事人依法享有的生产经营自主权，强迫、阻碍承包经营当事人进行土地承包经营权互换、转让或者土地经营权流转等侵害土地承包经营权、土地经营权的行为，给承包经营当事人造成损失的，应当承担损害赔偿等责任；情节严重的，由上级机关或者所在单位给予直接责任人员处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 65 Where a State organ or any of its staff members, taking advantage of its/his powers, infringes upon the right to land contractual management or the right to land management by interfering with the contractual management of rural land, modifying or revoking the contract on contractual management, interfering with the right to decision-making for production and management that the party to the contractual management enjoys according to law, compelling the party to the contractual management to exchange or transfer the right, or circulate the right to land contractual management, or commits other acts, thus causing losses to the party to the contractual management, it/he shall bear such responsibilities as paying compensation for the losses; if the circumstances are serious, the organ at the next higher level or the unit the staff member belongs to shall give sanctions to the directly responsible persons; and if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第五章 附 则

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

第六十六条   本法实施前已经按照国家有关农村土地承包的规定承包，包括承包期限长于本法规定的，本法实施后继续有效，不得重新承包土地。未向承包方颁发土地承包经营权证或者林权证等证书的，应当补发证书。

Article 66 Where, before the implementation of this Law, contracts have already been concluded in accordance with the regulations of the State on rural land contract, including those the term of which is longer than what is provided for in this Law, such contracts shall continue to be valid after the implementation of this Law, and such land contracts shall not be renewed. Where the certificate of the right to land contractual management or the certificate of the right to forestland contractual management has not been issued to contractors, it shall be issued retroactively.

第六十七条   本法实施前已经预留机动地的，机动地面积不得超过本集体经济组织耕地总面积的百分之五。不足百分之五的，不得再增加机动地。

Article 67 Where, before the implementation of this Law, land has already been reserved, the area of such reserved land may not exceed five percent of the total area of the arable land of the collective economic organization concerned. If the area is less than five percent, the area of the reserved land may not be increased.

本法实施前未留机动地的，本法实施后不得再留机动地。

Where, before implementation of this Law, no land is reserved, no land may be reserved after the implementation of this Law.

第六十八条   各省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会可以根据本法，结合本行政区域的实际情况，制定实施办法。

Article 68 The standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in accordance with this Law and in light of the actual conditions of their administrative areas, formulate measures for implementation.

第六十九条   确认农村集体经济组织成员身份的原则、程序等，由法律、法规规定。

Article 69 The principles and procedures for confirming the membership of rural collective economic organizations shall be provided for by laws and regulations.

第七十条   本法自2003年3月1日起施行。

Article 70 This Law shall go into effect as of March 1, 2003.