法律文本

中華人民共和國農村土地承包法（2018修正）

Law of the People's Republic of China on Land Contract in Rural Areas (Revision 2018)

（2002年8月29日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十九次會議通過 2002年8月29日中華人民共和國主席令第七十三號公布 根據2009年8月27日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十次會議《關於修改部分法律的決定》第一次修正 根據2018年12月29日第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第七次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國農村土地承包法〉的決定》第二次修正）

(Adopted at the 29th session of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on August 29, 2002 and issued under the Order of the President [2002] No.73 on August 29, 2002; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws passed at the 10th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 27, 2009; and amended for the second time according to the Decision on Revising the Law of the People's Republic of China on Land Contract in Rural Areas passed at the 7th session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on December 29, 2018)

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了鞏固和完善以家庭承包經營為基礎、統分結合的雙層經營體制，保持農村土地承包關系穩定並長久不變，維護農村土地承包經營當事人的合法權益，促進農業、農村經濟發展和農村社會和諧穩定，根據憲法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of consolidating and improving the two-tier management system that combines centralized and decentralized management on the basis of household contractual management, keeping the contractual management of rural land stable for a long time, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the contractual management of rural land, and promoting the development of agriculture and rural economy and social harmony and stability in the countryside.

第二條   本法所稱農村土地，是指農民集體所有和國家所有依法由農民集體使用的耕地、林地、草地，以及其他依法用於農業的土地。

Article 2 For purposes of this Law, land in rural areas includes the arable land, forestlands and grasslands owned collectively by the peasants and by the State and used collectively by the peasants according to law, as well as other lands used for agriculture according to law.

第三條   國家實行農村土地承包經營制度。

Article 3 The State applies the contractual management system in respect of land in rural areas.

農村土地承包采取農村集體經濟組織內部的家庭承包方式，不宜采取家庭承包方式的荒山、荒溝、荒丘、荒灘等農村土地，可以采取招標、拍賣、公開協商等方式承包。

Land contract in rural areas shall take the form of household contract within the collective economic organizations in the countryside, while such land in rural areas as barren mountains, gullies, hills and beaches, which are not suited to the form of household contract, may be contracted in such forms as bid invitation, auction and public consultation.

第四條   農村土地承包後，土地的所有權性質不變。承包地不得買賣。

Article 4 After the land in rural areas is contracted, the nature of ownership of the land shall remain unchanged. The contracted land may not be purchased or sold.

第五條   農村集體經濟組織成員有權依法承包由本集體經濟組織發包的農村土地。

Article 5 Members of the collective economic organizations in rural areas shall, according to law, have the right to undertake rural land contracts with their own collective economic organizations that give out the contracts.

任何組織和個人不得剝奪和非法限制農村集體經濟組織成員承包土地的權利。

No organizations or individuals may deprive the members of the rural collective economic organizations of their right to undertake contracts or illegally restrict such right.

第六條   農村土地承包，婦女與男子享有平等的權利。承包中應當保護婦女的合法權益，任何組織和個人不得剝奪、侵害婦女應當享有的土地承包經營權。

Article 6 In undertaking land contracts in rural areas, women shall enjoy equal rights with men. The lawful rights and interests of women shall be protected in contract. No organizations or individuals may deprive their rights to land contractual management, which they are entitled to, or infringe upon such right.

第七條   農村土地承包應當堅持公開、公平、公正的原則，正確處理國家、集體、個人三者的利益關系。

Article 7 In land contract in rural areas, the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality shall be adhered to and the relationship of interests among the State, the collective and the individual shall be correctly handled.

第八條   國家保護集體土地所有者的合法權益，保護承包方的土地承包經營權，任何組織和個人不得侵犯。

Article 8 The State protects the legitimate rights and interests of the owners of the collective land and the right of the contractors to land contractual management, which no organizations and individuals may infringe upon.

第九條   承包方承包土地後，享有土地承包經營權，可以自己經營，也可以保留土地承包權，流轉其承包地的土地經營權，由他人經營。

Article 9 After contracting land, the contractor shall enjoy the right to land contractual management, and may conduct the management by itself or retain the right to land contractual management, and shall transfer the right to land management of the contracted land to another person for management.

第十條   國家保護承包方依法、自願、有償流轉土地經營權，保護土地經營權人的合法權益，任何組織和個人不得侵犯。

Article 10 The State protects the legal, voluntary and compensatory transfer of the right to management of land by the contractor and protects the lawful rights and interests of the holder of the right to management of land, which no organization or individual may infringe upon.

第十一條   農村土地承包經營應當遵守法律、法規，保護土地資源的合理開發和可持續利用。未經依法批準不得將承包地用於非農建設。

Article 11 In contractual management of rural land, laws and administrative rules and regulations shall be observed, and the rational development and sustainable use of land resources shall be protected. Any contracted land may not be used for non-agricultural development without approval.

國家鼓勵增加對土地的投入，培肥地力，提高農業生產能力。

The State shall encourage increase investment in land, improve soil fertility and enhance agricultural production capacity.

第十二條   國務院農業農村、林業和草原主管部門分別依照國務院規定的職責負責全國農村土地承包經營及承包經營合同管理的指導。

Article 12 The departments in charge of agricultural and rural affairs, forestry and grassland under the State Council shall, in compliance with their respective duties defined by the State Council, be responsible for providing guidance to the administration of the contracts for the contractual management of rural land throughout the country.

縣級以上地方人民政府農業農村、林業和草原等主管部門分別依照各自職責，負責本行政區域內農村土地承包經營及承包經營合同管理。

The competent departments for agricultural and rural affairs, forestry and grassland, etc. under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in compliance with their respective functions and duties, be responsible for administration of the contractual management of the rural land within their own administrative areas and the administration of the contracts.

鄉（鎮）人民政府負責本行政區域內農村土地承包經營及承包經營合同管理。

The township (town) people's governments shall be responsible for the administration of the contractual management of rural land within their own administrative areas and of the contracts for the contractual management.

第二章 家庭承包

Chapter 2 Household Contract

第一節 發包方和承包方的權利和義務

Section 1 Rights and Obligations of the Employer and the Contractor

第十三條   農民集體所有的土地依法屬於村農民集體所有的，由村集體經濟組織或者村民委員會發包；已經分別屬於村內兩個以上農村集體經濟組織的農民集體所有的，由村內各該農村集體經濟組織或者村民小組發包。村集體經濟組織或者村民委員會發包的，不得改變村內各集體經濟組織農民集體所有的土地的所有權。

Article 13 Where the land owned collectively by the peasants belongs, in accordance with law, to collective ownership by the peasants in a village, contracts shall be given out by the collective economic organization of the village or the villagers committee; where the land is already owned collectively by the peasants of more than two rural collective economic organizations in a village, contracts shall be given out respectively by the said organizations or villagers groups in the village. Where contracts are issued by the rural collective economic organizations or villagers committees in a village, the ownership of the land owned collectively by the peasants of the collective economic organizations in the village shall remain unchanged.

國家所有依法由農民集體使用的農村土地，由使用該土地的農村集體經濟組織、村民委員會或者村民小組發包。

Where rural land owned by the State but is used collectively by the peasants according to law, contracts shall be issued by the rural collective economic organizations, villagers committees or villagers groups that use such land.

第十四條   發包方享有下列權利：

Article 14 The party giving out the contracts shall enjoy the following rights:

（一）發包本集體所有的或者國家所有依法由本集體使用的農村土地；

1. giving out contracts for the rural land owned by the collective to which the party belongs or owned by the State but is used by the said collective according to law;

（二）監督承包方依照承包合同約定的用途合理利用和保護土地；

(II) to supervise the rational use and protection of the land by the contractor in keeping with the purpose of use agreed upon in the contract;

（三）制止承包方損害承包地和農業資源的行為；

(III) stopping the contractor from damaging the contracted land and agricultural resources; and

（四）法律、行政法規規定的其他權利。

(IV) Other rights provided for by laws and administrative regulations.

第十五條   發包方承擔下列義務：

Article 15 A contracting-out party shall bear the following obligations:

（一）維護承包方的土地承包經營權，不得非法變更、解除承包合同；

1. maintaining the contractor's right to land contractual management, and refraining from illegally modifying and revoking the contract;

（二）尊重承包方的生產經營自主權，不得幹涉承包方依法進行正常的生產經營活動；

(II) respecting the contractor's right to make its own decision on production and operation, and refraining from interfering with the normal production and operation conducted by the contractor according to law;

（三）依照承包合同約定為承包方提供生產、技術、信息等服務；

(III) providing the contractor services in respect of production, technology, information, etc. as agreed upon in the contract;

（四）執行縣、鄉（鎮）土地利用總體規劃，組織本集體經濟組織內的農業基礎設施建設；

(IV) carrying out the overall plan for land utilization worked out by counties or townships (towns) and making arrangements for the construction of agricultural infrastructure within their own collective economic organizations; and

（五）法律、行政法規規定的其他義務。

(V) Other obligations stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

第十六條   家庭承包的承包方是本集體經濟組織的農戶。

Article 16 The contractor of a household contract shall be the peasant household of the collective economic organization concerned.

農戶內家庭成員依法平等享有承包土地的各項權益。

Family members of a peasant household shall equally enjoy various rights and interests of the contracted land in accordance with the law.

第十七條   承包方享有下列權利：

Article 17 The contractor shall enjoy the following rights:

（一）依法享有承包地使用、收益的權利，有權自主組織生產經營和處置產品；

1. enjoying in accordance with law the right to use and reap the benefit of the contracted land, and the right to make its own decision regarding the arrangements for production and operation as well as the disposition of the products;

（二）依法互換、轉讓土地承包經營權；

2. Exchanging or transferring the right to contractual management of land according to law;

（三）依法流轉土地經營權；

(III) transferring the land management right according to law;

（四）承包地被依法征收、征用、占用的，有權依法獲得相應的補償；

(IV) enjoying in accordance with law corresponding compensation for the contracted land that is expropriated or requisitioned or occupied according to law; and

（五）法律、行政法規規定的其他權利。

(V) Other rights provided for by laws and administrative regulations.

第十八條   承包方承擔下列義務：

Article 18 The contractor shall have the following obligations:

（一）維持土地的農業用途，未經依法批準不得用於非農建設；

1. keeping or using the land for agricultural purposes, and refraining from using it for non-agricultural development without obtaining approval in accordance with law;

（二）依法保護和合理利用土地，不得給土地造成永久性損害；

(II) protecting and rationally using the land in accordance with law, and refraining from causing permanent damage to the land;

（三）法律、行政法規規定的其他義務。

(III) Other obligations stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

第二節 承包的原則和程序

Section 2 Principles and Procedures for Contracting

第十九條   土地承包應當遵循以下原則：

Article 19 The following principles shall be abided by in the contracting of land:

（一）按照規定統一組織承包時，本集體經濟組織成員依法平等地行使承包土地的權利，也可以自願放棄承包土地的權利；

1. when arrangements are made for undertaking contracts in accordance with relevant provisions, members of the same collective economic organization shall, according to law and on an equal footing, exercise the right to contract land, and they may, of their own free will, give up such right;

（二）民主協商，公平合理；

2. democratic consultation, fairness and reasonableness;

（三）承包方案應當按照本法第十三條的規定，依法經本集體經濟組織成員的村民會議三分之二以上成員或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意；

3. in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of this Law, the contracting plan shall, according to law, be subject to consent by not less than two-thirds of the members of the villagers assembly of the collective economic organization concerned or of the villagers' representatives; and

（四）承包程序合法。

(IV) the procedures for contracting are lawful.

第二十條   土地承包應當按照以下程序進行：

Article 20 Land shall be contracted out in accordance with the following procedures:

（一）本集體經濟組織成員的村民會議選舉產生承包工作小組；

1. a contract- working team shall be elected by the villagers assembly of the collective economic organization concerned;

（二）承包工作小組依照法律、法規的規定擬訂並公布承包方案；

2. the contract- working team shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations, draw up and announce its contracting plan;

（三）依法召開本集體經濟組織成員的村民會議，討論通過承包方案；

(III) convening, according to law, the villagers assembly of the collective economic organization concerned to adopt the contracting plan through discussion;

（四）公開組織實施承包方案；

(IV) making known to the public arrangements for the implementation of the contracting plan;

（五）簽訂承包合同。

(V) signing a contract.

第三節 承包期限和承包合同

Section 3 Article Nine Contracting Period and Contract

第二十一條   耕地的承包期為三十年。草地的承包期為三十年至五十年。林地的承包期為三十年至七十年。

Article 21 The contractual term for arable land shall be 30 years. The contractual term for grassland shall be 30 up to 50 years. The term of contract for forestland ranges from 30 to 70 years.

前款規定的耕地承包期屆滿後再延長三十年，草地、林地承包期屆滿後依照前款規定相應延長。

The contractual term for arable land as stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be extended by 30 years upon expiry, and the contractual term for grassland and forest land shall be extended correspondingly pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph upon expiry.

第二十二條   發包方應當與承包方簽訂書面承包合同。

Article 22 The party giving the contract shall sign a written contract with the contractor.

承包合同一般包括以下條款：

In general a contract shall contain the following clauses:

（一）發包方、承包方的名稱，發包方負責人和承包方代表的姓名、住所；

1. the names of the party giving out the contract and the contractor, and the names and domiciles of the responsible person of the party giving out the contract and the representative of the contractor;

（二）承包土地的名稱、坐落、面積、質量等級；

2. the name, location, area and quality grade of the contracted land;

（三）承包期限和起止日期；

(III) the term of contract and the dates of beginning and end;

（四）承包土地的用途；

4. the purpose of use of the contracted land;

（五）發包方和承包方的權利和義務；

(V) the rights and obligations of the party giving out the contract and the contractor;

（六）違約責任。

(VI) Liabilities for breach of contract.

第二十三條   承包合同自成立之日起生效。承包方自承包合同生效時取得土地承包經營權。

Article 23 A contract shall go into effect as of the date of its conclusion. The contractor shall obtain the right to land contractual management as of the date the contract goes into effect.

第二十四條   國家對耕地、林地和草地等實行統一登記，登記機構應當向承包方頒發土地承包經營權證或者林權證等證書，並登記造冊，確認土地承包經營權。

Article 24 The State shall implement unified registration of arable land, forest land and grassland, etc, the registration authorities shall issue a certificate of land contracted management rights or certificate of forest rights, etc to the contractor, and process registration in the register to confirm land contracted management rights.

土地承包經營權證或者林權證等證書應當將具有土地承包經營權的全部家庭成員列入。

All family members with the right to land contractual management shall be included in the certificate of the right to land contractual management or the certificate of the right to forestland contractual management.

登記機構除按規定收取證書工本費外，不得收取其他費用。

The registration authority shall not charge any other fees except for the cost of the certificate.

第二十五條   承包合同生效後，發包方不得因承辦人或者負責人的變動而變更或者解除，也不得因集體經濟組織的分立或者合並而變更或者解除。

Article 25 After a contract goes into effect, the party giving out the contract may neither modify nor revoke the contract due to the change of the representative for the party giving out the contract or the responsible person concerned, or due to the split or merger of the collective economic organization.

第二十六條   國家機關及其工作人員不得利用職權幹涉農村土地承包或者變更、解除承包合同。

Article 26 No State organs or their staff members may, taking advantage of their positions and powers, interfere with the contracting of rural land or modify or revoke contracts.

第四節 土地承包經營權的保護和互換、轉讓

Section 4 Protection, Exchange and Transfer of the Right to Land Contractual Management

第二十七條   承包期內，發包方不得收回承包地。

Article 27 During the term of contract, the party giving out the contract may not take back the contracted land.

國家保護進城農戶的土地承包經營權。不得以退出土地承包經營權作為農戶進城落戶的條件。

The State shall protect the right of the rural households entering the cities to contract and operate the land. The withdrawal from the land contracting and management right shall not be a condition for farmers to become urban residents.

承包期內，承包農戶進城落戶的，引導支持其按照自願有償原則依法在本集體經濟組織內轉讓土地承包經營權或者將承包地交回發包方，也可以鼓勵其流轉土地經營權。

Where contracting farmer households have settled in cities and towns during the contracting term, they shall be guided and supported to, in accordance with the law and on the voluntary and compensatory basis, transfer the right to land contractual management within their own collective economic organizations or return the contracted land to the contract-issuing party, and they may also be encouraged to transfer the right to land management.

承包期內，承包方交回承包地或者發包方依法收回承包地時，承包方對其在承包地上投入而提高土地生產能力的，有權獲得相應的補償。

When during the term of contract, the contractor turns back the contracted land, in which he has made investment, thus increasing its production capacity, or the party giving out the contract takes it back according to law, the contractor shall have the right to obtain appropriate compensation.

第二十八條   承包期內，發包方不得調整承包地。

Article 28 During the term of contract, the party giving out the contract may not readjust the contracted land.

承包期內，因自然災害嚴重毀損承包地等特殊情形對個別農戶之間承包的耕地和草地需要適當調整的，必須經本集體經濟組織成員的村民會議三分之二以上成員或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意，並報鄉（鎮）人民政府和縣級人民政府農業農村、林業和草原等主管部門批準。承包合同中約定不得調整的，按照其約定。

Where during the term of contract, such special circumstances as natural calamities that seriously damaged the contracted land make it necessary to properly readjust the arable land or grasslands contracted by individual peasant households, the matter shall be subject to consent by not less than two-thirds of the members of the villagers assembly of the collective economic organization concerned or of the villagers' representatives and shall be reported for approval to the competent departments for agricultural and rural affairs, forestry and grassland under the township (town) people's government and the people's government at the county level. Where an agreement upon no adjustments is concluded in the contract, such an agreement shall prevail.

第二十九條   下列土地應當用於調整承包土地或者承包給新增人口：

Article 29 The following land shall be used for readjustment of contracted land or for contracting out to new inhabitants:

（一）集體經濟組織依法預留的機動地；

1. land reserved, according to law, by collective economic organizations;

（二）通過依法開墾等方式增加的；

2. land increased through reclamation according to law, etc.; and

（三）發包方依法收回和承包方依法、自願交回的。

(III) The contract-issuing party takes back the land according to law and the contractor takes back the land voluntarily.

第三十條   承包期內，承包方可以自願將承包地交回發包方。承包方自願交回承包地的，可以獲得合理補償，但是應當提前半年以書面形式通知發包方。承包方在承包期內交回承包地的，在承包期內不得再要求承包土地。

Article 30 During the term of contract, the contractor may, of his own free will, turn back the contracted land to the party giving out the contract. Where a contractor wishes to do so, he may obtain reasonable compensation, but he shall notify the party giving out the contract of the fact six months in advance. Where a contractor turns back the contracted land during the term of contract, he may no longer request to undertake a contract for land within the term.

第三十一條   承包期內，婦女結婚，在新居住地未取得承包地的，發包方不得收回其原承包地；婦女離婚或者喪偶，仍在原居住地生活或者不在原居住地生活但在新居住地未取得承包地的，發包方不得收回其原承包地。

Article 31 During the term of contract, a woman gets married and undertakes no contract for land in the place of her new residence, the party giving out the contract may not take back her originally contracted land.

第三十二條   承包人應得的承包收益，依照繼承法的規定繼承。

Article 32 The benefits derived from the contract which are due to contractor shall be inherited in accordance with the provisions of the Law of Succession.

林地承包的承包人死亡，其繼承人可以在承包期內繼續承包。

In case a contractor for forestland is dead, his/her successor may, within the term of contract, continue to undertake the contract.

第三十三條   承包方之間為方便耕種或者各自需要，可以對屬於同一集體經濟組織的土地的土地承包經營權進行互換，並向發包方備案。

Article 33 Contractors may, for the convenience of farming or for their own needs, exchange between themselves the right to contractual management of the land belonging to the same collective economic organization, and shall report to the party giving out the contract for the record.

第三十四條   經發包方同意，承包方可以將全部或者部分的土地承包經營權轉讓給本集體經濟組織的其他農戶，由該農戶同發包方確立新的承包關系，原承包方與發包方在該土地上的承包關系即行終止。

Article 34 With the consent of the party giving out the contract, the contractor may transfer the total or part of his right to land contractual management to other peasant households of the collective economic organization concerned, and this peasant household shall establish a new contractual relationship with the party giving out the contract, thereupon the contractual relationship on this land between the former contractor and the party giving out the contract is terminated.

第三十五條   土地承包經營權互換、轉讓的，當事人可以向登記機構申請登記。未經登記，不得對抗善意第三人。

Article 35 In case of the exchange or transfer of the right to land contractual management, the parties may apply for registration to the registration organ. Where registration has not been completed, action may not be taken against any bona fide third party.

第五節 土地經營權

Section 5 Land Operation Right

第三十六條   承包方可以自主決定依法采取出租（轉包）、入股或者其他方式向他人流轉土地經營權，並向發包方備案。

Article 36 The contractor may, at its own discretion, decide to transfer the right to land management to others by leasing (sub-contracting), buying a share or by other means according to law, and report the transfer to the party giving out the contract for the record.

第三十七條   土地經營權人有權在合同約定的期限內占有農村土地，自主開展農業生產經營並取得收益。

Article 37 The land management right holders shall have the right to occupy the rural land within the time limit agreed upon in the contract to independently carry out agricultural production and operation and obtain benefits.

第三十八條   土地經營權流轉應當遵循以下原則：

Article 38 Land management rights shall be circulated in adherence to the following principles:

（一）依法、自願、有償，任何組織和個人不得強迫或者阻礙土地經營權流轉；

1. Pursuant to law, and on a voluntary and compensable basis, no organization or individual may compel or impede the transfer of land management rights;

（二）不得改變土地所有權的性質和土地的農業用途，不得破壞農業綜合生產能力和農業生態環境；

(II) No change shall be made to the nature of the land ownership or the agricultural use of the land, and no damage shall be done to the overall agricultural production capacity or the agricultural ecological environment; and

（三）流轉期限不得超過承包期的剩餘期限；

(III) the term of circulation may not exceed the remaining term of the term of contract;

（四）受讓方須有農業經營能力或者資質；

(IV) The assignee shall have the agricultural management capacity or qualification; and

（五）在同等條件下，本集體經濟組織成員享有優先權。

(V) Under the same conditions, any member of the collective economic organization concerned shall enjoy priority.

第三十九條   土地經營權流轉的價款，應當由當事人雙方協商確定。流轉的收益歸承包方所有，任何組織和個人不得擅自截留、扣繳。

Article 39 The price of land management rights shall be determined through consultation between the two parties. Proceeds derived from the circulation shall belong to the contractor, which no organizations or individuals may retain or withhold without authorization.

第四十條   土地經營權流轉，當事人雙方應當簽訂書面流轉合同。

Article 40. The parties concerned shall enter into a written transfer contract for the transfer of land management rights.

土地經營權流轉合同一般包括以下條款：

In general, land operation right transfer contracts shall contain the following terms:

（一）雙方當事人的姓名、住所；

1. the names and domiciles of the two parties;

（二）流轉土地的名稱、坐落、面積、質量等級；

2. The name, location, area and quality grade of the land concerned;

（三）流轉期限和起止日期；

(III) the allotment term and the starting and ending dates;

（四）流轉土地的用途；

(IV) the use of the land concerned;

（五）雙方當事人的權利和義務；

(V) Rights and obligations of both parties;

（六）流轉價款及支付方式；

(VI) allotment payment and mode of payment;

（七）土地被依法征收、征用、占用時有關補償費的歸屬；

(VII) ownership of the relevant compensation fees for land expropriation, requisition and occupation according to law;

（八）違約責任。

(VIII) Liabilities for breach of contract.

承包方將土地交由他人代耕不超過一年的，可以不簽訂書面合同。

Where the period in which the contractor lets another person do farm work on his behalf does not exceed one year, a written contract may be dispensed with.

第四十一條   土地經營權流轉期限為五年以上的，當事人可以向登記機構申請土地經營權登記。未經登記，不得對抗善意第三人。

Article 41 Where the land management rights are circulated for five years or more, the parties concerned may apply to the registration authority for registration of land management rights. Where registration has not been completed, action may not be taken against any bona fide third party.

第四十二條   承包方不得單方解除土地經營權流轉合同，但受讓方有下列情形之一的除外：

Article 42 The contractor may not unilaterally rescind the contract for the transfer of land management right except under any of the following circumstances:

（一）擅自改變土地的農業用途；

1. Changing the agricultural purposes of the land without authorization;

（二）棄耕拋荒連續兩年以上；

2. Continuous two years or more since the abandonment and abandonment of land;

（三）給土地造成嚴重損害或者嚴重破壞土地生態環境；

(III) Causing serious damages to the land or seriously destroying the land ecological environment;

（四）其他嚴重違約行為。

(IV) other serious breaches of contract.

第四十三條   經承包方同意，受讓方可以依法投資改良土壤，建設農業生產附屬、配套設施，並按照合同約定對其投資部分獲得合理補償。

Article 43 Upon consent of the contractor, the assignee may, in accordance with the law, invest in improving the soil, building auxiliary or supporting facilities for agricultural production, and may, as agreed in the contract, receive reasonable compensation for its investment.

第四十四條   承包方流轉土地經營權的，其與發包方的承包關系不變。

Article 44 Where a contractor transfers his right to the management of land, the contracting relationship between the contractor and the party giving out the contract shall remain unchanged.

第四十五條   縣級以上地方人民政府應當建立工商企業等社會資本通過流轉取得土地經營權的資格審查、項目審核和風險防範制度。

Article 45 Local People's Governments of county level and above shall establish a qualification examination, project examination and approval and risk prevention system for obtaining land management rights through transfer by social capital such as industrial and commercial enterprises, etc.

工商企業等社會資本通過流轉取得土地經營權的，本集體經濟組織可以收取適量管理費用。

Where industrial and commercial enterprises and other social capital obtain the land management right through circulation, the collective economic organization concerned may charge appropriate management fees.

具體辦法由國務院農業農村、林業和草原主管部門規定。

The competent departments for agricultural and rural affairs, forestry and grassland under the State Council shall provide detailed measures.

第四十六條   經承包方書面同意，並向本集體經濟組織備案，受讓方可以再流轉土地經營權。

Article 46 With the written consent of the contractor and reporting to the collective economic organization for the record, the assignee may re-transfer the right to the management of the land.

第四十七條   承包方可以用承包地的土地經營權向金融機構融資擔保，並向發包方備案。受讓方通過流轉取得的土地經營權，經承包方書面同意並向發包方備案，可以向金融機構融資擔保。

Article 47 The contractor may use the land management right of the contracted land to provide financing guarantee to the financial institution, and shall report the same to the contract-issuing party for the record. Where the transferee obtains the land management right through circulation, it may provide financing guarantee to the financial institution after being approved by the contractor in writing and filed with the contract issuing party.

擔保物權自融資擔保合同生效時設立。當事人可以向登記機構申請登記；未經登記，不得對抗善意第三人。

The real rights for security shall be established as of the effective date of the financing guarantee contract. The parties may apply to the registration authority for registration; without registration, the parties may not challenge any bona fide third party.

實現擔保物權時，擔保物權人有權就土地經營權優先受償。

When real rights for security are realized, the holder of real rights for security has the right to seek preferential payments in respect of the land management right.

土地經營權融資擔保辦法由國務院有關部門規定。

Measures on financing guarantee for land management rights shall be stipulated by the relevant departments of the State Council.

第三章 其他方式的承包

Chapter 3 Contract by Other Means

第四十八條   不宜采取家庭承包方式的荒山、荒溝、荒丘、荒灘等農村土地，通過招標、拍賣、公開協商等方式承包的，適用本章規定。

Article 48 The provisions in this Chapter shall be applicable to such land in the rural areas as barren mountains, gullies, hills and beaches which are not suited to household contract but are contracted through bid invitation, auction, public consultation, etc.

第四十九條   以其他方式承包農村土地的，應當簽訂承包合同，承包方取得土地經營權。當事人的權利和義務、承包期限等，由雙方協商確定。以招標、拍賣方式承包的，承包費通過公開競標、競價確定；以公開協商等方式承包的，承包費由雙方議定。

Article 49 Where rural land is contracted by other means, a contract shall be concluded, and the contractor shall acquire the right to land management. The rights and obligations of the parties and the term of contract shall be determined through consultation by the two parties. Where land is contracted through bid invitation or auction, the contracting fees shall be determined through public competitive bidding and competitive pricing; and where land is contracted through public consultation, etc., the contracting fees shall be determined by the two parties through discussion.

第五十條   荒山、荒溝、荒丘、荒灘等可以直接通過招標、拍賣、公開協商等方式實行承包經營，也可以將土地經營權折股分給本集體經濟組織成員後，再實行承包經營或者股份合作經營。

Article 50 Barren mountains, gullies, hills and beaches may directly be undertaken for contractual management by such means as bid invitation, auction and public consultation, or may also be undertaken for contractual management or for joint-stock cooperative management after the right to land management is converted into shares and distributed to the members of the collective economic organization concerned.

承包荒山、荒溝、荒丘、荒灘的，應當遵守有關法律、行政法規的規定，防止水土流失，保護生態環境。

Persons who enter into contracts for barren mountains, gullies, hills and beaches shall abide by the provisions of the relevant laws and administrative rules and regulations, prevent soil erosion and protect the ecological environment.

第五十一條   以其他方式承包農村土地，在同等條件下，本集體經濟組織成員有權優先承包。

Article 51 Where rural land is contracted by other means, under equal conditions, members of the collective economic organization concerned have the priority to undertake the contract.

第五十二條   發包方將農村土地發包給本集體經濟組織以外的單位或者個人承包，應當事先經本集體經濟組織成員的村民會議三分之二以上成員或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意，並報鄉（鎮）人民政府批準。

Article 52 Where the party giving out contracts gives out the contracts for rural land to units or individuals other than the ones of the collective economic organization concerned, the matter shall first subject to consent by not less than two-thirds of the members of the villagers assembly, or of the villagers' representatives, of the collective economic organization concerned and it shall be submitted to the township (town) people's government for approval.

由本集體經濟組織以外的單位或者個人承包的，應當對承包方的資信情況和經營能力進行審查後，再簽訂承包合同。

Where units or individuals other than the ones of the collective economic organization concerned undertake contracts, the contracts shall be concluded only after examination of the credit position and management capability of the contractors.

第五十三條   通過招標、拍賣、公開協商等方式承包農村土地，經依法登記取得權屬證書的，可以依法采取出租、入股、抵押或者其他方式流轉土地經營權。

Article 53 Where a person enters into a contract for rural land through bid invitation, auction or public consultation and, after registration in accordance with law, obtains the certificate of the right of ownership, he may, in accordance with law, allot the right to the management of the land by means of lease, pooling of shares, mortgage or by other means.

第五十四條   依照本章規定通過招標、拍賣、公開協商等方式取得土地經營權的，該承包人死亡，其應得的承包收益，依照繼承法的規定繼承；在承包期內，其繼承人可以繼續承包。

Article 54 Where a contractor dies and obtains the right to land management through bid invitation, auction or public consultation in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, the benefits derived from the contract which are due him shall be inherited in accordance with the provisions of the Law of Succession; and within the term of contract his successor may continue to execute the contract.

第四章 爭議的解決和法律責任

Chapter 4 Dispute Resolution and Legal Liability

第五十五條   因土地承包經營發生糾紛的，雙方當事人可以通過協商解決，也可以請求村民委員會、鄉（鎮）人民政府等調解解決。

Article 55 Where dispute arises over the contractual management of land, the two parties may settle the dispute though consultation and may request the villagers assembly or the township (town) people's government to help settle the dispute though mediation.

當事人不願協商、調解或者協商、調解不成的，可以向農村土地承包仲裁機構申請仲裁，也可以直接向人民法院起訴。

Where the parties are not willing to have it settled through consultation or mediation or consultation or mediation is not successful, they may apply to an arbitral body in charge of rural land contracts for arbitration, or directly bring a suit in the People's Court.

第五十六條   任何組織和個人侵害土地承包經營權、土地經營權的，應當承擔民事責任。

Article 56 Any organisation or individual that infringes upon the right to land contractual management or the right to land management shall bear civil liability.

第五十七條   發包方有下列行為之一的，應當承擔停止侵害、排除妨礙、消除危險、返還財產、恢複原狀、賠償損失等民事責任：

Article 57 Where the party giving out the contract commits one of the following acts, it shall bear such civil responsibilities as desisting from the infringement, removing obstacles, eliminating dangers, returning property, restoring the original state, paying compensation for losses, etc.:

（一）幹涉承包方依法享有的生產經營自主權；

1. interfering with the right to decision-making for production and operation enjoyed by a contractor according to law;

（二）違反本法規定收回、調整承包地；

2. taking back or readjusting the contracted land in violation of the provisions of this Law;

（三）強迫或者阻礙承包方進行土地承包經營權的互換、轉讓或者土地經營權流轉；

(III) compelling a contractor to exchange or transfer his right to land contractual management, or circulate his right to land contractual management or prevent the contractor from doing so;

（四）假借少數服從多數強迫承包方放棄或者變更土地承包經營權；

(IV) compelling a contractor to give up or modify his right to land contractual management on the pretext that the minority is subordinate to the majority;

（五）以劃分“口糧田”和“責任田”等為由收回承包地搞招標承包；

(V) taking back the contracted land by reason of the need to divide the land into "grain rations fields" and "responsibility fields" in order to contract it out through bid invitation;

（六）將承包地收回抵頂欠款；

(VI) taking back the contracted land to pay off its debts;

（七）剝奪、侵害婦女依法享有的土地承包經營權；

(VII) depriving women of the right to land contractual management that they enjoy according to law or infringing on such right; and

（八）其他侵害土地承包經營權的行為。

(VIII) other acts infringing upon the right to land contractual management.

第五十八條   承包合同中違背承包方意願或者違反法律、行政法規有關不得收回、調整承包地等強制性規定的約定無效。

Article 58 Any agreements in a contract concluded against the will of a contractor or in violation of the relevant compulsory provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations against the taking back and readjusting of the contracted land shall be invalid.

第五十九條   當事人一方不履行合同義務或者履行義務不符合約定的，應當依法承擔違約責任。

Article 59. Where one of the parties does not perform a contractual obligation, or does not perform a contractual obligation as agreed, the said party shall be liable for breach of contract in accordance with the law.

第六十條   任何組織和個人強迫進行土地承包經營權互換、轉讓或者土地經營權流轉的，該互換、轉讓或者流轉無效。

Article 60 In case any organization or individual conducts the exchange, transfer or circulation of the right to land contractual management under coercion, such exchange, transfer or circulation shall be invalidated.

第六十一條   任何組織和個人擅自截留、扣繳土地承包經營權互換、轉讓或者土地經營權流轉收益的，應當退還。

Article 61 Any organization or individual that, without authorization, detains or withholds the proceeds derived from the exchange, transfer or circulation of the right to land contractual management shall return such proceeds.

第六十二條   違反土地管理法規，非法征收、征用、占用土地或者貪汙、挪用土地征收、征用補償費用，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；造成他人損害的，應當承擔損害賠償等責任。

Article 62 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the regulations on land administration, requisitions or occupies land or embezzles or misappropriates the compensations paid for the requisitioned land, which constitutes a crime, it/he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law; and if damages are caused to others, it/he shall bear such responsibilities as paying compensation for the damages.

第六十三條   承包方、土地經營權人違法將承包地用於非農建設的，由縣級以上地方人民政府有關主管部門依法予以處罰。

Article 63 Where a contractor or land management right holder illegally uses the contracted land for non-agricultural development, the relevant competent department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall impose penalties in accordance with the law.

承包方給承包地造成永久性損害的，發包方有權制止，並有權要求賠償由此造成的損失。

Where the contractor causes permanent damages to the contracted land, the party awarding the contract shall have the right to stop it and to claim compensation for the losses caused thereby.

第六十四條   土地經營權人擅自改變土地的農業用途、棄耕拋荒連續兩年以上、給土地造成嚴重損害或者嚴重破壞土地生態環境，承包方在合理期限內不解除土地經營權流轉合同的，發包方有權要求終止土地經營權流轉合同。土地經營權人對土地和土地生態環境造成的損害應當予以賠償。

Article 64 Where a land management right holder changes, without authorization, the use of land for agricultural purposes, or for two consecutive years or more, which causes serious damage to the land or serious damage to the ecological environment of the land, and the contractor fails to rescind the contract on the transfer of land management right within a reasonable period, the contract-issuing party shall have the right to terminate the contract on the transfer of land management right. Land management right holders shall pay compensation for the damage caused to land and land ecological environment.

第六十五條   國家機關及其工作人員有利用職權幹涉農村土地承包經營，變更、解除承包經營合同，幹涉承包經營當事人依法享有的生產經營自主權，強迫、阻礙承包經營當事人進行土地承包經營權互換、轉讓或者土地經營權流轉等侵害土地承包經營權、土地經營權的行為，給承包經營當事人造成損失的，應當承擔損害賠償等責任；情節嚴重的，由上級機關或者所在單位給予直接責任人員處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 65 Where a State organ or any of its staff members, taking advantage of its/his powers, infringes upon the right to land contractual management or the right to land management by interfering with the contractual management of rural land, modifying or revoking the contract on contractual management, interfering with the right to decision-making for production and management that the party to the contractual management enjoys according to law, compelling the party to the contractual management to exchange or transfer the right, or circulate the right to land contractual management, or commits other acts, thus causing losses to the party to the contractual management, it/he shall bear such responsibilities as paying compensation for the losses; if the circumstances are serious, the organ at the next higher level or the unit the staff member belongs to shall give sanctions to the directly responsible persons; and if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第五章 附 則

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

第六十六條   本法實施前已經按照國家有關農村土地承包的規定承包，包括承包期限長於本法規定的，本法實施後繼續有效，不得重新承包土地。未向承包方頒發土地承包經營權證或者林權證等證書的，應當補發證書。

Article 66 Where, before the implementation of this Law, contracts have already been concluded in accordance with the regulations of the State on rural land contract, including those the term of which is longer than what is provided for in this Law, such contracts shall continue to be valid after the implementation of this Law, and such land contracts shall not be renewed. Where the certificate of the right to land contractual management or the certificate of the right to forestland contractual management has not been issued to contractors, it shall be issued retroactively.

第六十七條   本法實施前已經預留機動地的，機動地面積不得超過本集體經濟組織耕地總面積的百分之五。不足百分之五的，不得再增加機動地。

Article 67 Where, before the implementation of this Law, land has already been reserved, the area of such reserved land may not exceed five percent of the total area of the arable land of the collective economic organization concerned. If the area is less than five percent, the area of the reserved land may not be increased.

本法實施前未留機動地的，本法實施後不得再留機動地。

Where, before implementation of this Law, no land is reserved, no land may be reserved after the implementation of this Law.

第六十八條   各省、自治區、直轄市人民代表大會常務委員會可以根據本法，結合本行政區域的實際情況，制定實施辦法。

Article 68 The standing committees of the people's congresses of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in accordance with this Law and in light of the actual conditions of their administrative areas, formulate measures for implementation.

第六十九條   確認農村集體經濟組織成員身份的原則、程序等，由法律、法規規定。

Article 69 The principles and procedures for confirming the membership of rural collective economic organizations shall be provided for by laws and regulations.

第七十條   本法自2003年3月1日起施行。

Article 70 This Law shall go into effect as of March 1, 2003.