法律文本

中华人民共和国防沙治沙法（2018修正）

Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Sand (2018 Revision)

（2001年8月31日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十三次会议通过 根据2018年10月26日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国野生动物保护法〉等十五部法律的决定》修正）

(Adopted at the 23rd Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on August 31, 2001, and revised according to the Decision on Revising Fifteen Laws including the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife adopted at the 6th Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on October 26, 2018)

第一章 总 则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为预防土地沙化，治理沙化土地，维护生态安全，促进经济和社会的可持续发展，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted to prevent land desertification, rehabilitate desertified land, maintain eco-safety, and promote sustainable economic and social development.

第二条   在中华人民共和国境内，从事土地沙化的预防、沙化土地的治理和开发利用活动，必须遵守本法。

Article 2 All activities for prevention of land desertification and for rehabilitation and exploitation of desertified land in the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be conducted in accordance with this Law.

土地沙化是指因气候变化和人类活动所导致的天然沙漠扩张和沙质土壤上植被破坏、沙土裸露的过程。

Land desertification refers to the process of the expansion of natural deserts, the destruction of vegetation on sandy soil and the denudation of sandy soil caused by climate change and human activities.

本法所称土地沙化，是指主要因人类不合理活动所导致的天然沙漠扩张和沙质土壤上植被及覆盖物被破坏，形成流沙及沙土裸露的过程。

The term "land desertification" as used in this Law refers to the process of expansion of natural deserts and the formation of quicksand and exposed sand and soil caused mainly by irrational human activities.

本法所称沙化土地，包括已经沙化的土地和具有明显沙化趋势的土地。具体范围，由国务院批准的全国防沙治沙规划确定。

Desertified land referred to in this Law includes land that has already been desertified and land that has an obvious trend of desertification. The specific scope shall be defined in the national plan for preventing and controlling desertification approved by the State Council.

第三条   防沙治沙工作应当遵循以下原则：

Article 3 The following principles shall be observed in preventing and controlling desertification:

（一）统一规划，因地制宜，分步实施，坚持区域防治与重点防治相结合；

1. to make unified plans, adapt measures to local conditions, implement the plans in a step-by-step manner, and combine regional prevention and control with key area prevention and control;

（二）预防为主，防治结合，综合治理；

(II) to lay stress on prevention, combine prevention with control and adopt integrated approaches in rehabilitating desertified land;

（三）保护和恢复植被与合理利用自然资源相结合；

3. combining the protection and restoring of vegetation with the reasonable utilization of natural resources;

（四）遵循生态规律，依靠科技进步；

(IV) to follow the law of ecology and rely on advancement of science and technology;

（五）改善生态环境与帮助农牧民脱贫致富相结合；

(V) to combine efforts to improve ecological environment with efforts to help farmers and herdsmen to extricate themselves from poverty and become rich;

（六）国家支持与地方自力更生相结合，政府组织与社会各界参与相结合，鼓励单位、个人承包防治；

(VI) combining state support with local self-reliance, combining organization by the government with participation by people from all walks of life, and encouraging units and individuals to contract for prevention and control of desertification; and

（七）保障防沙治沙者的合法权益。

(VII) protecting the lawful rights and interests of the persons engaged in the prevention and control of desertification.

第四条   国务院和沙化土地所在地区的县级以上地方人民政府，应当将防沙治沙纳入国民经济和社会发展计划，保障和支持防沙治沙工作的开展。

Article 4 The State Council and the people's governments at or above the county level located in desertified regions shall incorporate plans for prevention and control of desertification into the national economic and social development plan, guaranteeing and supporting endeavors to prevent and control desertification.

沙化土地所在地区的地方各级人民政府，应当采取有效措施，预防土地沙化，治理沙化土地，保护和改善本行政区域的生态质量。

The people's governments located in desertified regions shall take effective measures to prevent land desertification, rehabilitate desertified land, protect and improve the ecological quality in their respective administrative areas.

国家在沙化土地所在地区，建立政府行政领导防沙治沙任期目标责任考核奖惩制度。沙化土地所在地区的县级以上地方人民政府，应当向同级人民代表大会及其常务委员会报告防沙治沙工作情况。

The State, in desertified regions, establishes a responsibility, appraisal, reward and punishment system with respect to the targets set to government leaders during their term of office. People's governments at or above the county level located in desertified regions shall report to the people's congresses and their standing committees at the corresponding level on prevention and control of desertification.

第五条   在国务院领导下，国务院林业草原行政主管部门负责组织、协调、指导全国防沙治沙工作。

Article 5 Under the leadership of the State Council, the competent administrative department of forestry and grassland under the State Council shall be responsible for organizing, coordinating and guiding the efforts made to prevent and control desertification throughout the country.

国务院林业草原、农业、水利、土地、生态环境等行政主管部门和气象主管机构，按照有关法律规定的职责和国务院确定的职责分工，各负其责，密切配合，共同做好防沙治沙工作。

The administrative departments under the State Council for forestry, grassland, agriculture, water conservancy, land, ecological environment and the institution in charge of meteorology shall, according to their duties prescribed by relevant laws and the division of responsibilities defined by the State Council, assume their respective responsibilities and cooperate closely with one another in their joint efforts to prevent and control desertification successfully.

县级以上地方人民政府组织、领导所属有关部门，按照职责分工，各负其责，密切配合，共同做好本行政区域的防沙治沙工作。

Each of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall organize and exercise leadership over its subordinate departments, so that they will, according to the division of responsibilities, assume their respective responsibilities and cooperate closely with one another in their joint efforts to prevent and control desertification successfully within their respective administrative areas.

第六条   使用土地的单位和个人，有防止该土地沙化的义务。

Article 6 Units or individuals that use land have the obligation to prevent the land from being desertified.

使用已经沙化的土地的单位和个人，有治理该沙化土地的义务。

Units or individuals that use desertified land have the obligation to rehabilitate the land.

第七条   国家支持防沙治沙的科学研究和技术推广工作，发挥科研部门、机构在防沙治沙工作中的作用，培养防沙治沙专门技术人员，提高防沙治沙的科学技术水平。

Article 7 The State supports scientific research in prevention and control of desertification and the wide use of technology in this field, giving full play to the scientific research departments and institutions, training specialists, and improving the scientific and technological level in this endeavor.

国家支持开展防沙治沙的国际合作。

The State supports international cooperation in prevention and control of desertification.

第八条   在防沙治沙工作中作出显著成绩的单位和个人，由人民政府给予表彰和奖励；对保护和改善生态质量作出突出贡献的应当给予重奖。

Article 8 The people's governments shall commend and reward the units and individuals that have made remarkable achievements in prevention and control of desertification. Units or individuals that have made outstanding contributions to protection and improvement of ecological quality shall be rewarded handsomely.

第九条   沙化土地所在地区的各级人民政府应当组织有关部门开展防沙治沙知识的宣传教育，增强公民的防沙治沙意识，提高公民防沙治沙的能力。

Article 9 The people's governments at various levels located in desertified regions shall organize relevant departments to disseminate knowledge about prevention and control of desertification, enhance the awareness of the need to prevent and control desertification, and increase their ability to do so.

第二章 防沙治沙规划

Chapter II Planning of Desert Prevention and Transformation

第十条   防沙治沙实行统一规划。从事防沙治沙活动，以及在沙化土地范围内从事开发利用活动，必须遵循防沙治沙规划。

Article 10 Desert prevention and transformation shall adopt unified planning. All activities for prevention and control of desertification and exploitation of desertified land shall be conducted in compliance with plans for prevention and control of desertification.

防沙治沙规划应当对遏制土地沙化扩展趋势，逐步减少沙化土地的时限、步骤、措施等作出明确规定，并将具体实施方案纳入国民经济和社会发展五年计划和年度计划。

In the plans for prevention and control of desertification, explicit stipulations regarding the time limit, steps, measures, etc. for curbing the expansion of land desertification, gradually reducing the area of desertified land shall be included. The detailed programmes for their implementation shall be incorporated into the five-year plan and the annual plan for national economic and social development.

第十一条   国务院林业草原行政主管部门会同国务院农业、水利、土地、生态环境等有关部门编制全国防沙治沙规划，报国务院批准后实施。

Article 11 The administrative department in charge of forestry and grassland under the State Council shall, together with the relevant departments under the State Council in charge of agriculture, water conservancy, land, and ecological environment, draw up national plans for prevention and control of desertification and submit them to the State Council for approval before implementation.

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府依据全国防沙治沙规划，编制本行政区域的防沙治沙规划，报国务院或者国务院指定的有关部门批准后实施。

The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, in compliance with the national plan for prevention and control of desertification, formulate plans for prevention and control of desertification in their respective administrative areas and submit them to the State Council or the relevant departments designated by the State Council for approval before implementation.

沙化土地所在地区的市、县人民政府，应当依据上一级人民政府的防沙治沙规划，组织编制本行政区域的防沙治沙规划，报上一级人民政府批准后实施。

The people's governments of the cities, counties of the places where the desertified lands are located shall, according to the planning of desert prevention and transformation of the people's governments at the next higher level, organize the formulation of the planning of desert prevention and transformation of their respective administrative areas, which shall be carried out upon the approval of the people's government at the next higher level.

防沙治沙规划的修改，须经原批准机关批准；未经批准，任何单位和个人不得改变防沙治沙规划。

Revision of the plans for prevention and control of desertification shall be subject to approval by the approving department; without such approval, no unit or individual may revise the plans.

第十二条   编制防沙治沙规划，应当根据沙化土地所处的地理位置、土地类型、植被状况、气候和水资源状况、土地沙化程度等自然条件及其所发挥的生态、经济功能，对沙化土地实行分类保护、综合治理和合理利用。

Article 12 The plans for prevention and control of desertification shall be formulated on the basis of such natural conditions as the geographic location of the desertified land, the category of the land, the condition of vegetation, climate, water resources and extent of land desertification, as well as its ecological and economic functions, and shall be designed to provide differentiated protection and to make all-purpose rehabilitation and rational use of desertified land.

在规划期内不具备治理条件的以及因保护生态的需要不宜开发利用的连片沙化土地，应当规划为沙化土地封禁保护区，实行封禁保护。沙化土地封禁保护区的范围，由全国防沙治沙规划以及省、自治区、直辖市防沙治沙规划确定。

Contiguous stretches of desertified land, that do not meet the conditions for rehabilitation during the planned period or that are not suitable for exploitation because of the need of ecological protection, shall be made enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land for protective purposes. The boundary of such reserves shall be defined in the national plans for prevention and control of desertification and in such plans of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

第十三条   防沙治沙规划应当与土地利用总体规划相衔接；防沙治沙规划中确定的沙化土地用途，应当符合本级人民政府的土地利用总体规划。

Article 13 The plans for prevention and control of desertification shall be dovetailed with the overall plan for land use; the use of desertified land defined in the plans for prevention and control of desertification shall conform with the overall plan for land use of the people's government at the corresponding level.

第三章 土地沙化的预防

Chapter III Prevention of Land Desertification

第十四条   国务院林业草原行政主管部门组织其他有关行政主管部门对全国土地沙化情况进行监测、统计和分析，并定期公布监测结果。

Article 14 The administrative department in charge of forestry and grassland under the State Council shall organize other relevant administrative departments in charge to monitor, prepare statistics and make analysis of land desertification throughout the country, and regularly publish the monitoring results.

县级以上地方人民政府林业草原或者其他有关行政主管部门，应当按照土地沙化监测技术规程，对沙化土地进行监测，并将监测结果向本级人民政府及上一级林业草原或者其他有关行政主管部门报告。

The forestry grasslands or other competent administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in conformity with the technical rules for monitoring land desertification, monitor desertified land and report the monitoring results to the people's governments at the corresponding level and the forestry grasslands or other competent administrative departments concerned at the next higher level.

第十五条   县级以上地方人民政府林业草原或者其他有关行政主管部门，在土地沙化监测过程中，发现土地发生沙化或者沙化程度加重的，应当及时报告本级人民政府。收到报告的人民政府应当责成有关行政主管部门制止导致土地沙化的行为，并采取有效措施进行治理。

Article 15 When in the course of monitoring, the forestry and grassland administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the county level find that land is being desertified or desertification becomes aggravated, they shall report without delay to the people's governments at the corresponding level. The people's governments that receive such reports shall instruct the administrative departments concerned to put a stop to the activities resulting in land desertification and take effective measures for rehabilitation.

各级气象主管机构应当组织对气象干旱和沙尘暴天气进行监测、预报，发现气象干旱或者沙尘暴天气征兆时，应当及时报告当地人民政府。收到报告的人民政府应当采取预防措施，必要时公布灾情预报，并组织林业草原、农（牧）业等有关部门采取应急措施，避免或者减轻风沙危害。

The meteorological institutions at various levels shall enlist efforts to monitor and forecast drought and sandstorm and shall, upon detecting the foretokens of drought or sandstorm, immediately report to the local people's government. The people's government that receives such report shall take preventive measures, make disaster forecast whenever necessary, and make arrangements for the departments of forestry, grassland, agriculture (animal husbandry) and other relevant departments to take emergency measures to avoid or mitigate the damages inflicted by wind and sand.

第十六条   沙化土地所在地区的县级以上地方人民政府应当按照防沙治沙规划，划出一定比例的土地，因地制宜地营造防风固沙林网、林带，种植多年生灌木和草本植物。由林业草原行政主管部门负责确定植树造林的成活率、保存率的标准和具体任务，并逐片组织实施，明确责任，确保完成。

Article 16 The people's governments at or above the county level located in desertified regions shall, in accordance with their plans for prevention and control of desertification, set aside a certain proportion of land for establishing windbreaking and sand-fixing forest networks or shelterbelts or planting perennial shrubs and herbaceous vegetation in light of local conditions. The forestry and grassland administrative departments shall be responsible for determining the survival and conservation rates, assigning specific tasks, making arrangements for implementation on a stretch-by-stretch basis, and defining responsibilities to ensure fulfillment of the tasks.

除了抚育更新性质的采伐外，不得批准对防风固沙林网、林带进行采伐。在对防风固沙林网、林带进行抚育更新性质的采伐之前，必须在其附近预先形成接替林网和林带。

No approval shall be granted to the felling of windbreaking and sand-fixing forest networks and shelterbelts, with the exception of felling for purposes of tending and regeneration. Before tending and regeneration cutting of windbreak and sand-fixation forest net and forest belt, it is necessary to form substitute forest net and forest belt nearby.

对林木更新困难地区已有的防风固沙林网、林带，不得批准采伐。

No approval shall be granted to the felling of the existing windbreaking and sand-fixing forest networks and shelterbelts in regions where forest regeneration is difficult.

第十七条   禁止在沙化土地上砍挖灌木、药材及其他固沙植物。

Article 17 Cutting or digging shrubs, medicinal herbs or other sand-fixation plants in desertified land is prohibited.

沙化土地所在地区的县级人民政府，应当制定植被管护制度，严格保护植被，并根据需要在乡（镇）、村建立植被管护组织，确定管护人员。

The people's government at the county level located in a desertified region shall establish a vegetation protection and control system for strict protection of vegetation, set up vegetation protection and control organizations in townships (towns) and villages wherever necessary and designate people to conduct the protection and control.

在沙化土地范围内，各类土地承包合同应当包括植被保护责任的内容。

In areas of desertified land, contracts concerning all categories of land shall include responsibilities for vegetation protection.

第十八条   草原地区的地方各级人民政府，应当加强草原的管理和建设，由林业草原行政主管部门会同畜牧业行政主管部门负责指导、组织农牧民建设人工草场，控制载畜量，调整牲畜结构，改良牲畜品种，推行牲畜圈养和草场轮牧，消灭草原鼠害、虫害，保护草原植被，防止草原退化和沙化。

Article 18 The people's governments at various levels located in grassland areas shall tighten control and redouble their effort in developing the grasslands. The competent administrative departments for forestry and grasslands shall, together with the competent administrative departments for animal husbandry, be responsible for providing guidance and getting the farmers and herdsmen organized to build artificial pastures, control the livestock-carrying capacity, readjust the mix of livestock, improve the breeds of livestock, promote stall feeding and rotational grazing, and wipe out rodent and insect pests on the grasslands, so as to protect grassland vegetation and prevent degradation and desertification of grasslands.

草原实行以产草量确定载畜量的制度。由林业草原行政主管部门会同畜牧业行政主管部门负责制定载畜量的标准和有关规定，并逐级组织实施，明确责任，确保完成。

The system of determining livestock carrying capacity according to grass production shall be practiced in grassland. The competent administrative department for forestry and grassland shall, jointly with the competent administrative department for animal husbandry, be responsible for formulating the standards for livestock carrying capacity and the relevant provisions, making arrangements for their implementation level-by-level and defining responsibilities to ensure accomplishment.

第十九条   沙化土地所在地区的县级以上地方人民政府水行政主管部门，应当加强流域和区域水资源的统一调配和管理，在编制流域和区域水资源开发利用规划和供水计划时，必须考虑整个流域和区域植被保护的用水需求，防止因地下水和上游水资源的过度开发利用，导致植被破坏和土地沙化。该规划和计划经批准后，必须严格实施。

Article 19 The administrative departments for water resources of the local people's governments at or above the county level located in desertified regions shall improve unified allocation and control of the water resources in river basins and regions; when formulating plans for the exploitation of water resources in river basins and regions and for water supply, they shall take into account the water demand for vegetation protection in the whole river basin and region, in order to prevent damage to vegetation and land desertification resulting from excessive exploitation of underground water and water resources at the upper reaches of a river. Once approved, the plans shall strictly be implemented.

沙化土地所在地区的地方各级人民政府应当节约用水，发展节水型农牧业和其他产业。

The people's governments located in desertified regions shall economize on the use of water, develop water-efficient agriculture, animal husbandry and other industries.

第二十条   沙化土地所在地区的县级以上地方人民政府，不得批准在沙漠边缘地带和林地、草原开垦耕地；已经开垦并对生态产生不良影响的，应当有计划地组织退耕还林还草。

Article 20 No people's government at or above the county level located in desertified regions may grant approval to land reclamation along the periphery of deserts or on forest land and grassland. Where land has been reclaimed with adverse impacts on the ecosystems, plans shall be made for conversion of the reclaimed farmland into forests or grasslands.

第二十一条   在沙化土地范围内从事开发建设活动的，必须事先就该项目可能对当地及相关地区生态产生的影响进行环境影响评价，依法提交环境影响报告；环境影响报告应当包括有关防沙治沙的内容。

Article 21 Where exploitation and construction activities are to be carried out in desertified land, the potential environmental impact made by the project on the ecology of the locality and related regions shall be assessed in advance and a report on the environmental impact shall be submitted according to law, which should include efforts to be made for prevention and control of desertification.

第二十二条   在沙化土地封禁保护区范围内，禁止一切破坏植被的活动。

Article 22 In the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land, all the activities damaging the vegetation are prohibited.

禁止在沙化土地封禁保护区范围内安置移民。对沙化土地封禁保护区范围内的农牧民，县级以上地方人民政府应当有计划地组织迁出，并妥善安置。沙化土地封禁保护区范围内尚未迁出的农牧民的生产生活，由沙化土地封禁保护区主管部门妥善安排。

Relocation of immigrants in enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land is prohibited. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall make plans to help the farmers and herdsmen living in the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land move out of the areas and settle down appropriately. With regard to production and everyday life of the farmers and herdsmen still living in the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land, the authority there shall make proper arrangements for them.

未经国务院或者国务院指定的部门同意，不得在沙化土地封禁保护区范围内进行修建铁路、公路等建设活动。

Without approval of the State Council or the authority designated by the State Council, no railways, highways, etc. may be constructed in enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land.

第四章 沙化土地的治理

Chapter 4 Rehabilitation of Desertified Land

第二十三条   沙化土地所在地区的地方各级人民政府，应当按照防沙治沙规划，组织有关部门、单位和个人，因地制宜地采取人工造林种草、飞机播种造林种草、封沙育林育草和合理调配生态用水等措施，恢复和增加植被，治理已经沙化的土地。

Article 23 The people's governments at various levels located in desertified regions shall, in accordance with plans for prevention and control of desertification, make arrangements for the relevant departments, units and individuals to take measures, in light of local conditions, to plant trees and grass artificially, sow seeds by plane, enclose sandy land to facilitate the growth of trees and grass, and properly allocate water for ecological purposes - all in order to restore or increase vegetation and rehabilitate desertified land.

第二十四条   国家鼓励单位和个人在自愿的前提下，捐资或者以其他形式开展公益性的治沙活动。

Article 24 The State encourages units and individuals, on a voluntary basis, to donate or, by other means, to take part in public welfare activities, for rehabilitating desertified land.

县级以上地方人民政府林业草原或者其他有关行政主管部门，应当为公益性治沙活动提供治理地点和无偿技术指导。

The administrative departments in charge of forestry, grassland and other relevant administrative departments of the local people's governments at the county level or above shall provide sites and gratuitous technical guidance for the transformation of desertified land for public welfare.

从事公益性治沙的单位和个人，应当按照县级以上地方人民政府林业草原或者其他有关行政主管部门的技术要求进行治理，并可以将所种植的林、草委托他人管护或者交由当地人民政府有关行政主管部门管护。

The units and individuals that engage in rehabilitation of desertified land for public welfare shall do so in compliance with the technical requirements set by the forestry, grassland, or other relevant administrative departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level. They may entrust the trees and grass they have planted to other persons or the relevant administrative departments of the local people's governments for protection and control.

第二十五条   使用已经沙化的国有土地的使用权人和农民集体所有土地的承包经营权人，必须采取治理措施，改善土地质量；确实无能力完成治理任务的，可以委托他人治理或者与他人合作治理。委托或者合作治理的，应当签订协议，明确各方的权利和义务。

Article 25 Persons who enjoy the right to the use of desertified State-owned land or contractors who have the right to the management of land owned by the collectives of farmers shall take measures to rehabilitate such land in order to improve the soil quality. Those who are really not capable of accomplishing the task may entrust, or enlist the cooperation of, other persons to rehabilitate the desertified land. In this connection, an agreement shall be signed to define the rights and obligations of each party.

沙化土地所在地区的地方各级人民政府及其有关行政主管部门、技术推广单位，应当为土地使用权人和承包经营权人的治沙活动提供技术指导。

The people's governments, the relevant administrative departments and technical advice stations located in desertified regions shall provide the persons enjoying the right to use the land and the contractors for managing the land with technical guidance in their efforts to rehabilitate the desertified land.

采取退耕还林还草、植树种草或者封育措施治沙的土地使用权人和承包经营权人，按照国家有关规定，享受人民政府提供的政策优惠。

When persons enjoying the right to the use of land and contractors, in their efforts to rehabilitate desertified land, take measures to convert reclaimed land into forests or grasslands, plant trees and grass, or enclose areas for tending purposes, they shall, in accordance with relevant State regulations, enjoy preferential policies adopted by people 's governments.

第二十六条   不具有土地所有权或者使用权的单位和个人从事营利性治沙活动的，应当先与土地所有权人或者使用权人签订协议，依法取得土地使用权。

Article 26 Units or individuals that do not have land ownership or the right to the use of land but wish to engage in profit-making rehabilitation activities shall sign an agreement in advance with the landowner or the person that has the right to the use of the land in order to acquire such right in accordance with law.

在治理活动开始之前，从事营利性治沙活动的单位和个人应当向治理项目所在地的县级以上地方人民政府林业草原行政主管部门或者县级以上地方人民政府指定的其他行政主管部门提出治理申请，并附具下列文件：

Before starting rehabilitation, the units or individuals engaged in profit-making rehabilitation shall submit an application for rehabilitation, with the following documents attached, to the forestry or grassland administration department of the people's government at or above the county level located in the place where the rehabilitation project is to be launched or to another competent administrative department designated by the said government:

（一）被治理土地权属的合法证明文件和治理协议；

1. Legal proving documents of the ownership of the land under transformation and the transformation agreement;

（二）符合防沙治沙规划的治理方案；

(II) transforming schemes that comply with the planning of desert prevention and transformation; and

（三）治理所需的资金证明。

(III) Certificate of funds needed for treatment.

第二十七条   本法第二十六条第二款第二项所称治理方案，应当包括以下内容：

Article 27 The rehabilitation proposals mentioned in Subparagraph (2) of the second paragraph in Article 26 of this Law shall include the following:

（一）治理范围界限；

1. Boundary of scope of governance;

（二）分阶段治理目标和治理期限；

(II) phased goals and time limit for rehabilitation;

（三）主要治理措施；

(III) main transforming measures;

（四）经当地水行政主管部门同意的用水来源和用水量指标；

(IV) the water sources and water use quotas approved by the local water resources administration department;

（五）治理后的土地用途和植被管护措施；

(V) purpose of land use and measures for vegetation management and protection after transformation; and

（六）其他需要载明的事项。

(VI) other matters necessary to be specified.

第二十八条   从事营利性治沙活动的单位和个人，必须按照治理方案进行治理。

Article 28 The units and individuals engaged in profit-making rehabilitation shall act in conformity with the rehabilitation proposals.

国家保护沙化土地治理者的合法权益。在治理者取得合法土地权属的治理范围内，未经治理者同意，其他任何单位和个人不得从事治理或者开发利用活动。

The State protects the lawful rights and interests of the persons transforming desertified land. Without their permission, no unit or individual may carry out rehabilitation or exploitation on the land of which they have acquired lawful ownership or the lawful right to the use.

第二十九条   治理者完成治理任务后，应当向县级以上地方人民政府受理治理申请的行政主管部门提出验收申请。经验收合格的，受理治理申请的行政主管部门应当发给治理合格证明文件；经验收不合格的，治理者应当继续治理。

Article 29 After completing the rehabilitation task, the units or individuals concerned shall submit applications for inspection and acceptance to the administrative department that accepts the rehabilitation applications. The said department shall issue rehabilitation qualification certificates to those who pass the inspection. Those who fail shall continue rehabilitation of the desertified land.

第三十条   已经沙化的土地范围内的铁路、公路、河流和水渠两侧，城镇、村庄、厂矿和水库周围，实行单位治理责任制，由县级以上地方人民政府下达治理责任书，由责任单位负责组织造林种草或者采取其他治理措施。

Article 30 Along both sides of railways, highways, rivers and water channels, and around cities, towns, villages, factories, mines and reservoirs in regions where land has been desertified, a responsibility system for rehabilitation on a unit basis shall be applied. The local people's government at or above the county level shall issue letters of rehabilitation responsibilities to the units. The said units shall be responsible for enlisting efforts to plant trees and grass or taking other rehabilitation measures.

第三十一条   沙化土地所在地区的地方各级人民政府，可以组织当地农村集体经济组织及其成员在自愿的前提下，对已经沙化的土地进行集中治理。农村集体经济组织及其成员投入的资金和劳力，可以折算为治理项目的股份、资本金，也可以采取其他形式给予补偿。

Article 31 The people's governments at various levels located in desertified regions may get the local rural collective economic organizations and their members organized, on a voluntary basis, to concentrate their efforts on rehabilitating the desertified land. The funds and labor put in by the said organizations and their members may be converted into shares or capital funds for the rehabilitation projects, or be compensated by other means.

第五章 保障措施

Chapter 5 Guarantee Measures

第三十二条   国务院和沙化土地所在地区的地方各级人民政府应当在本级财政预算中按照防沙治沙规划通过项目预算安排资金，用于本级人民政府确定的防沙治沙工程。在安排扶贫、农业、水利、道路、矿产、能源、农业综合开发等项目时，应当根据具体情况，设立若干防沙治沙子项目。

Article 32 The State Council and the people's governments at various levels located in desertified regions shall, on the basis of their plans for prevention and control of desertification, allocate funds from their respective budgets to the budgeted projects, to be used on the projects determined by them. When making plans for projects in respect of poverty alleviation, agriculture, water conservancy, road construction, minerals, energy resources and all-purpose exploitation of agriculture, they shall, in light of the specific conditions, plan for a number of sub-projects for prevention and control of desertification.

第三十三条   国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当制定优惠政策，鼓励和支持单位和个人防沙治沙。

Article 33 The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate preferential policies to encourage and support units and individuals in their efforts to prevent and control desertification.

县级以上地方人民政府应当按照国家有关规定，根据防沙治沙的面积和难易程度，给予从事防沙治沙活动的单位和个人资金补助、财政贴息以及税费减免等政策优惠。

In conformity with relevant State regulations and on the basis of the area under prevention and control and the degree of difficulty, the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, where the units and individuals engaged in prevention and control of desertification are concerned, apply preferential policies such as financial subsidy, interests which will be paid by budget and tax and fee reduction or exemption.

单位和个人投资进行防沙治沙的，在投资阶段免征各种税收；取得一定收益后，可以免征或者减征有关税收。

Units and individuals investing in prevention and control of desertification shall be exempted from all kinds of taxes during the period of investment. Certain taxes may be exempted or reduced when they begin to earn a specified amount of profits.

第三十四条   使用已经沙化的国有土地从事治沙活动的，经县级以上人民政府依法批准，可以享有不超过七十年的土地使用权。具体年限和管理办法，由国务院规定。

Article 34 Any unit or individual that apply for rehabilitating desertified State-owned land shall, upon approval given by the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with law, enjoy the right to the use of the land for a maximum of 70 years. The specific number of years and the measures for management shall be formulated by the State Council.

使用已经沙化的集体所有土地从事治沙活动的，治理者应当与土地所有人签订土地承包合同。具体承包期限和当事人的其他权利、义务由承包合同双方依法在土地承包合同中约定。县级人民政府依法根据土地承包合同向治理者颁发土地使用权证书，保护集体所有沙化土地治理者的土地使用权。

Any unit or individual that intend to rehabilitate collectively owned desertified land shall sign a contract with the owner of the land. The specific contracting terms and other rights and obligations of the parties shall be agreed upon in the land contract by both parties to the contract according to law. The county people's government shall, in accordance with law, issue to the unit or individual a certificate of land use right in order to protect the right of the unit or individual to the use of the desertified land owned by the collective.

第三十五条   因保护生态的特殊要求，将治理后的土地批准划为自然保护区或者沙化土地封禁保护区的，批准机关应当给予治理者合理的经济补偿。

Article 35 Where, for the special need of ecological protection, rehabilitated land is designated, upon approval, as natural reserve or enclosed and forbidden reserve of desertified land, the approving authority shall give reasonable financial compensation to the units or individuals that have rehabilitated the land.

第三十六条   国家根据防沙治沙的需要，组织设立防沙治沙重点科研项目和示范、推广项目，并对防沙治沙、沙区能源、沙生经济作物、节水灌溉、防止草原退化、沙地旱作农业等方面的科学研究与技术推广给予资金补助、税费减免等政策优惠。

Article 36 The State, in light of the need for prevention and control of desertification, makes arrangements for launching key scientific research projects and demonstration and popularization projects for prevention and control of desertification, and adopts preferential policies such as financial subsidy, reduction or exemption of taxes in respect of scientific research and technology popularization in prevention and control of desertification, energy resources in the desertified land area, cultivation of desert economic crops, water-efficient irrigation, prevention of grassland degradation, non-irrigated farming in sandy land, etc.

第三十七条   任何单位和个人不得截留、挪用防沙治沙资金。

Article 37 No unit or individual may withhold or misappropriate the funds earmarked for prevention and control of desertification.

县级以上人民政府审计机关，应当依法对防沙治沙资金使用情况实施审计监督。

The audit offices of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, pursuant to law, audit and supervise the use of funds earmarked for prevention and control of desertification.

第六章 法律责任

Chapter 6 Legal Liabilities

第三十八条   违反本法第二十二条第一款规定，在沙化土地封禁保护区范围内从事破坏植被活动的，由县级以上地方人民政府林业草原行政主管部门责令停止违法行为；有违法所得的，没收其违法所得；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 38 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions in the first paragraph of Article 22 of this Law, engages in activities damaging the vegetation in the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land shall be ordered by the administrative department for forestry and grassland under the local people's government at or above the county level to discontinue the illegal act; the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated; and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.

第三十九条   违反本法第二十五条第一款规定，国有土地使用权人和农民集体所有土地承包经营权人未采取防沙治沙措施，造成土地严重沙化的，由县级以上地方人民政府林业草原行政主管部门责令限期治理；造成国有土地严重沙化的，县级以上人民政府可以收回国有土地使用权。

Article 39 Where persons who enjoy the right to the use of State-owned land or contractors who have the right to the management of the land owned by the collectives of farmers, in violation of the provisions in the first paragraph of Article 25 of this Law, fail to take measures to prevent and control desertification, thus causing serious desertification of land, the administrative departments in charge of forestry and grassland under the people's governments at or above the county level shall order them to rehabilitate the land within a time limit; where State-owned land is seriously desertified, the people's governments at or above the county level may take back the said right.

第四十条   违反本法规定，进行营利性治沙活动，造成土地沙化加重的，由县级以上地方人民政府负责受理营利性治沙申请的行政主管部门责令停止违法行为，可以并处每公顷五千元以上五万元以下的罚款。

Article 40 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in prevention and control of desertification for making profits, thus aggravating land desertification, the administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level which is responsible for accepting applications for profit-making prevention and control of desertification shall order him to desist from the unlawful act and may also impose on him a fine not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan per hectare.

第四十一条   违反本法第二十八条第一款规定，不按照治理方案进行治理的，或者违反本法第二十九条规定，经验收不合格又不按要求继续治理的，由县级以上地方人民政府负责受理营利性治沙申请的行政主管部门责令停止违法行为，限期改正，可以并处相当于治理费用一倍以上三倍以下的罚款。

Article 41 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions in the first paragraph of Article 28 of this Law, fails to rehabilitate desertified land in conformity with the rehabilitation proposals or who, in violation of the provisions in Article 29 of this Law, fails to pass the inspection before continuing to rehabilitate the land as required shall be ordered by the administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level which is responsible for accepting applications for profit-making prevention and control of desertification to desist from the unlawful act and to make rectification within a time limit, and may also be fined not less than one time but not more than three times the amount of the funds needed for rehabilitation.

第四十二条   违反本法第二十八条第二款规定，未经治理者同意，擅自在他人的治理范围内从事治理或者开发利用活动的，由县级以上地方人民政府负责受理营利性治沙申请的行政主管部门责令停止违法行为；给治理者造成损失的，应当赔偿损失。

Article 42 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions in the second paragraph of Article 28 of this Law and without permission of the unit or individual concerned, carries out rehabilitation or exploitation in the area the said unit or individual is rehabilitating shall be ordered by the administrative department of the local people's government at or above county level which is responsible for accepting applications for profit-making prevention and control of desertification to desist from the unlawful act and, where losses are caused to the unit or individual, compensate the losses.

第四十三条   违反本法规定，有下列情形之一的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，由所在单位、监察机关或者上级行政主管部门依法给予行政处分：

Article 43 Where any of the following acts is committed in violation of the provisions of this Law, the persons chiefly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall, in accordance with law, be given administrative sanctions by the unit they belong to, the supervisory authority or the administrative department at a higher level:

（一）违反本法第十五条第一款规定，发现土地发生沙化或者沙化程度加重不及时报告的，或者收到报告后不责成有关行政主管部门采取措施的；

1. in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 15 of this Law, failing to report promptly when discovering that land is being desertified or desertification becomes aggravated or, after receiving the report, failing to order the administrative department concerned to take measures;

（二）违反本法第十六条第二款、第三款规定，批准采伐防风固沙林网、林带的；

2. in violation of the provisions in the second and third paragraph of Article 16 of this Law, giving approval to felling of trees in the windbreaking and sand-fixing forest networks or shelterbelts;

（三）违反本法第二十条规定，批准在沙漠边缘地带和林地、草原开垦耕地的；

(III) in violation of the provisions in Article 20 of this Law, giving approval to land reclamation along the periphery of deserts, or on forest land or grassland;

（四）违反本法第二十二条第二款规定，在沙化土地封禁保护区范围内安置移民的；

(IV) in violation of the provisions in the second paragraph of Article 22 of this Law, relocating immigrants in enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land; or

（五）违反本法第二十二条第三款规定，未经批准在沙化土地封禁保护区范围内进行修建铁路、公路等建设活动的。

(V) in violation of the provisions in the third paragraph of Article 22 of this Law and without approval, constructing railways, highways, etc. in the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land.

第四十四条   违反本法第三十七条第一款规定，截留、挪用防沙治沙资金的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，由监察机关或者上级行政主管部门依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 44 Where, in violation of the provisions in the first paragraph of Article 37 of this Law, funds earmarked for prevention and control of desertification are withheld or misappropriated, the persons chiefly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall, in accordance with law, be given administrative sanctions by the supervisory authority or the administrative department at a higher level. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.

第四十五条   防沙治沙监督管理人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 45 Where a person in charge of supervision over prevention and control of desertification abuses his power, neglects his duty or engages in malpractice for personal gain, which constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

第七章 附 则

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第四十六条   本法第五条第二款中所称的有关法律，是指《中华人民共和国森林法》《中华人民共和国草原法》《中华人民共和国水土保持法》《中华人民共和国土地管理法》《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国气象法》。

Article 46 The relevant laws referred to in the second paragraph of Article 5 of this Law mean the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China, the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation, the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and the Meteorology Law of the People's Republic of China.

第四十七条   本法自2002年1月1日起施行。

Article 47 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 2002.