法律文本

中華人民共和國防沙治沙法（2018修正）

Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Sand (2018 Revision)

（2001年8月31日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十三次會議通過 根據2018年10月26日第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第六次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國野生動物保護法〉等十五部法律的決定》修正）

(Adopted at the 23rd Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on August 31, 2001, and revised according to the Decision on Revising Fifteen Laws including the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife adopted at the 6th Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on October 26, 2018)

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為預防土地沙化，治理沙化土地，維護生態安全，促進經濟和社會的可持續發展，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted to prevent land desertification, rehabilitate desertified land, maintain eco-safety, and promote sustainable economic and social development.

第二條   在中華人民共和國境內，從事土地沙化的預防、沙化土地的治理和開發利用活動，必須遵守本法。

Article 2 All activities for prevention of land desertification and for rehabilitation and exploitation of desertified land in the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be conducted in accordance with this Law.

土地沙化是指因氣候變化和人類活動所導致的天然沙漠擴張和沙質土壤上植被破壞、沙土裸露的過程。

Land desertification refers to the process of the expansion of natural deserts, the destruction of vegetation on sandy soil and the denudation of sandy soil caused by climate change and human activities.

本法所稱土地沙化，是指主要因人類不合理活動所導致的天然沙漠擴張和沙質土壤上植被及覆蓋物被破壞，形成流沙及沙土裸露的過程。

The term "land desertification" as used in this Law refers to the process of expansion of natural deserts and the formation of quicksand and exposed sand and soil caused mainly by irrational human activities.

本法所稱沙化土地，包括已經沙化的土地和具有明顯沙化趨勢的土地。具體範圍，由國務院批準的全國防沙治沙規劃確定。

Desertified land referred to in this Law includes land that has already been desertified and land that has an obvious trend of desertification. The specific scope shall be defined in the national plan for preventing and controlling desertification approved by the State Council.

第三條   防沙治沙工作應當遵循以下原則：

Article 3 The following principles shall be observed in preventing and controlling desertification:

（一）統一規劃，因地制宜，分步實施，堅持區域防治與重點防治相結合；

1. to make unified plans, adapt measures to local conditions, implement the plans in a step-by-step manner, and combine regional prevention and control with key area prevention and control;

（二）預防為主，防治結合，綜合治理；

(II) to lay stress on prevention, combine prevention with control and adopt integrated approaches in rehabilitating desertified land;

（三）保護和恢複植被與合理利用自然資源相結合；

3. combining the protection and restoring of vegetation with the reasonable utilization of natural resources;

（四）遵循生態規律，依靠科技進步；

(IV) to follow the law of ecology and rely on advancement of science and technology;

（五）改善生態環境與幫助農牧民脫貧致富相結合；

(V) to combine efforts to improve ecological environment with efforts to help farmers and herdsmen to extricate themselves from poverty and become rich;

（六）國家支持與地方自力更生相結合，政府組織與社會各界參與相結合，鼓勵單位、個人承包防治；

(VI) combining state support with local self-reliance, combining organization by the government with participation by people from all walks of life, and encouraging units and individuals to contract for prevention and control of desertification; and

（七）保障防沙治沙者的合法權益。

(VII) protecting the lawful rights and interests of the persons engaged in the prevention and control of desertification.

第四條   國務院和沙化土地所在地區的縣級以上地方人民政府，應當將防沙治沙納入國民經濟和社會發展計劃，保障和支持防沙治沙工作的開展。

Article 4 The State Council and the people's governments at or above the county level located in desertified regions shall incorporate plans for prevention and control of desertification into the national economic and social development plan, guaranteeing and supporting endeavors to prevent and control desertification.

沙化土地所在地區的地方各級人民政府，應當采取有效措施，預防土地沙化，治理沙化土地，保護和改善本行政區域的生態質量。

The people's governments located in desertified regions shall take effective measures to prevent land desertification, rehabilitate desertified land, protect and improve the ecological quality in their respective administrative areas.

國家在沙化土地所在地區，建立政府行政領導防沙治沙任期目標責任考核獎懲制度。沙化土地所在地區的縣級以上地方人民政府，應當向同級人民代表大會及其常務委員會報告防沙治沙工作情況。

The State, in desertified regions, establishes a responsibility, appraisal, reward and punishment system with respect to the targets set to government leaders during their term of office. People's governments at or above the county level located in desertified regions shall report to the people's congresses and their standing committees at the corresponding level on prevention and control of desertification.

第五條   在國務院領導下，國務院林業草原行政主管部門負責組織、協調、指導全國防沙治沙工作。

Article 5 Under the leadership of the State Council, the competent administrative department of forestry and grassland under the State Council shall be responsible for organizing, coordinating and guiding the efforts made to prevent and control desertification throughout the country.

國務院林業草原、農業、水利、土地、生態環境等行政主管部門和氣象主管機構，按照有關法律規定的職責和國務院確定的職責分工，各負其責，密切配合，共同做好防沙治沙工作。

The administrative departments under the State Council for forestry, grassland, agriculture, water conservancy, land, ecological environment and the institution in charge of meteorology shall, according to their duties prescribed by relevant laws and the division of responsibilities defined by the State Council, assume their respective responsibilities and cooperate closely with one another in their joint efforts to prevent and control desertification successfully.

縣級以上地方人民政府組織、領導所屬有關部門，按照職責分工，各負其責，密切配合，共同做好本行政區域的防沙治沙工作。

Each of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall organize and exercise leadership over its subordinate departments, so that they will, according to the division of responsibilities, assume their respective responsibilities and cooperate closely with one another in their joint efforts to prevent and control desertification successfully within their respective administrative areas.

第六條   使用土地的單位和個人，有防止該土地沙化的義務。

Article 6 Units or individuals that use land have the obligation to prevent the land from being desertified.

使用已經沙化的土地的單位和個人，有治理該沙化土地的義務。

Units or individuals that use desertified land have the obligation to rehabilitate the land.

第七條   國家支持防沙治沙的科學研究和技術推廣工作，發揮科研部門、機構在防沙治沙工作中的作用，培養防沙治沙專門技術人員，提高防沙治沙的科學技術水平。

Article 7 The State supports scientific research in prevention and control of desertification and the wide use of technology in this field, giving full play to the scientific research departments and institutions, training specialists, and improving the scientific and technological level in this endeavor.

國家支持開展防沙治沙的國際合作。

The State supports international cooperation in prevention and control of desertification.

第八條   在防沙治沙工作中作出顯著成績的單位和個人，由人民政府給予表彰和獎勵；對保護和改善生態質量作出突出貢獻的應當給予重獎。

Article 8 The people's governments shall commend and reward the units and individuals that have made remarkable achievements in prevention and control of desertification. Units or individuals that have made outstanding contributions to protection and improvement of ecological quality shall be rewarded handsomely.

第九條   沙化土地所在地區的各級人民政府應當組織有關部門開展防沙治沙知識的宣傳教育，增強公民的防沙治沙意識，提高公民防沙治沙的能力。

Article 9 The people's governments at various levels located in desertified regions shall organize relevant departments to disseminate knowledge about prevention and control of desertification, enhance the awareness of the need to prevent and control desertification, and increase their ability to do so.

第二章 防沙治沙規劃

Chapter II Planning of Desert Prevention and Transformation

第十條   防沙治沙實行統一規劃。從事防沙治沙活動，以及在沙化土地範圍內從事開發利用活動，必須遵循防沙治沙規劃。

Article 10 Desert prevention and transformation shall adopt unified planning. All activities for prevention and control of desertification and exploitation of desertified land shall be conducted in compliance with plans for prevention and control of desertification.

防沙治沙規劃應當對遏制土地沙化擴展趨勢，逐步減少沙化土地的時限、步驟、措施等作出明確規定，並將具體實施方案納入國民經濟和社會發展五年計劃和年度計劃。

In the plans for prevention and control of desertification, explicit stipulations regarding the time limit, steps, measures, etc. for curbing the expansion of land desertification, gradually reducing the area of desertified land shall be included. The detailed programmes for their implementation shall be incorporated into the five-year plan and the annual plan for national economic and social development.

第十一條   國務院林業草原行政主管部門會同國務院農業、水利、土地、生態環境等有關部門編制全國防沙治沙規劃，報國務院批準後實施。

Article 11 The administrative department in charge of forestry and grassland under the State Council shall, together with the relevant departments under the State Council in charge of agriculture, water conservancy, land, and ecological environment, draw up national plans for prevention and control of desertification and submit them to the State Council for approval before implementation.

省、自治區、直轄市人民政府依據全國防沙治沙規劃，編制本行政區域的防沙治沙規劃，報國務院或者國務院指定的有關部門批準後實施。

The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, in compliance with the national plan for prevention and control of desertification, formulate plans for prevention and control of desertification in their respective administrative areas and submit them to the State Council or the relevant departments designated by the State Council for approval before implementation.

沙化土地所在地區的市、縣人民政府，應當依據上一級人民政府的防沙治沙規劃，組織編制本行政區域的防沙治沙規劃，報上一級人民政府批準後實施。

The people's governments of the cities, counties of the places where the desertified lands are located shall, according to the planning of desert prevention and transformation of the people's governments at the next higher level, organize the formulation of the planning of desert prevention and transformation of their respective administrative areas, which shall be carried out upon the approval of the people's government at the next higher level.

防沙治沙規劃的修改，須經原批準機關批準；未經批準，任何單位和個人不得改變防沙治沙規劃。

Revision of the plans for prevention and control of desertification shall be subject to approval by the approving department; without such approval, no unit or individual may revise the plans.

第十二條   編制防沙治沙規劃，應當根據沙化土地所處的地理位置、土地類型、植被狀況、氣候和水資源狀況、土地沙化程度等自然條件及其所發揮的生態、經濟功能，對沙化土地實行分類保護、綜合治理和合理利用。

Article 12 The plans for prevention and control of desertification shall be formulated on the basis of such natural conditions as the geographic location of the desertified land, the category of the land, the condition of vegetation, climate, water resources and extent of land desertification, as well as its ecological and economic functions, and shall be designed to provide differentiated protection and to make all-purpose rehabilitation and rational use of desertified land.

在規劃期內不具備治理條件的以及因保護生態的需要不宜開發利用的連片沙化土地，應當規劃為沙化土地封禁保護區，實行封禁保護。沙化土地封禁保護區的範圍，由全國防沙治沙規劃以及省、自治區、直轄市防沙治沙規劃確定。

Contiguous stretches of desertified land, that do not meet the conditions for rehabilitation during the planned period or that are not suitable for exploitation because of the need of ecological protection, shall be made enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land for protective purposes. The boundary of such reserves shall be defined in the national plans for prevention and control of desertification and in such plans of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

第十三條   防沙治沙規劃應當與土地利用總體規劃相銜接；防沙治沙規劃中確定的沙化土地用途，應當符合本級人民政府的土地利用總體規劃。

Article 13 The plans for prevention and control of desertification shall be dovetailed with the overall plan for land use; the use of desertified land defined in the plans for prevention and control of desertification shall conform with the overall plan for land use of the people's government at the corresponding level.

第三章 土地沙化的預防

Chapter III Prevention of Land Desertification

第十四條   國務院林業草原行政主管部門組織其他有關行政主管部門對全國土地沙化情況進行監測、統計和分析，並定期公布監測結果。

Article 14 The administrative department in charge of forestry and grassland under the State Council shall organize other relevant administrative departments in charge to monitor, prepare statistics and make analysis of land desertification throughout the country, and regularly publish the monitoring results.

縣級以上地方人民政府林業草原或者其他有關行政主管部門，應當按照土地沙化監測技術規程，對沙化土地進行監測，並將監測結果向本級人民政府及上一級林業草原或者其他有關行政主管部門報告。

The forestry grasslands or other competent administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in conformity with the technical rules for monitoring land desertification, monitor desertified land and report the monitoring results to the people's governments at the corresponding level and the forestry grasslands or other competent administrative departments concerned at the next higher level.

第十五條   縣級以上地方人民政府林業草原或者其他有關行政主管部門，在土地沙化監測過程中，發現土地發生沙化或者沙化程度加重的，應當及時報告本級人民政府。收到報告的人民政府應當責成有關行政主管部門制止導致土地沙化的行為，並采取有效措施進行治理。

Article 15 When in the course of monitoring, the forestry and grassland administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the county level find that land is being desertified or desertification becomes aggravated, they shall report without delay to the people's governments at the corresponding level. The people's governments that receive such reports shall instruct the administrative departments concerned to put a stop to the activities resulting in land desertification and take effective measures for rehabilitation.

各級氣象主管機構應當組織對氣象幹旱和沙塵暴天氣進行監測、預報，發現氣象幹旱或者沙塵暴天氣征兆時，應當及時報告當地人民政府。收到報告的人民政府應當采取預防措施，必要時公布災情預報，並組織林業草原、農（牧）業等有關部門采取應急措施，避免或者減輕風沙危害。

The meteorological institutions at various levels shall enlist efforts to monitor and forecast drought and sandstorm and shall, upon detecting the foretokens of drought or sandstorm, immediately report to the local people's government. The people's government that receives such report shall take preventive measures, make disaster forecast whenever necessary, and make arrangements for the departments of forestry, grassland, agriculture (animal husbandry) and other relevant departments to take emergency measures to avoid or mitigate the damages inflicted by wind and sand.

第十六條   沙化土地所在地區的縣級以上地方人民政府應當按照防沙治沙規劃，劃出一定比例的土地，因地制宜地營造防風固沙林網、林帶，種植多年生灌木和草本植物。由林業草原行政主管部門負責確定植樹造林的成活率、保存率的標準和具體任務，並逐片組織實施，明確責任，確保完成。

Article 16 The people's governments at or above the county level located in desertified regions shall, in accordance with their plans for prevention and control of desertification, set aside a certain proportion of land for establishing windbreaking and sand-fixing forest networks or shelterbelts or planting perennial shrubs and herbaceous vegetation in light of local conditions. The forestry and grassland administrative departments shall be responsible for determining the survival and conservation rates, assigning specific tasks, making arrangements for implementation on a stretch-by-stretch basis, and defining responsibilities to ensure fulfillment of the tasks.

除了撫育更新性質的采伐外，不得批準對防風固沙林網、林帶進行采伐。在對防風固沙林網、林帶進行撫育更新性質的采伐之前，必須在其附近預先形成接替林網和林帶。

No approval shall be granted to the felling of windbreaking and sand-fixing forest networks and shelterbelts, with the exception of felling for purposes of tending and regeneration. Before tending and regeneration cutting of windbreak and sand-fixation forest net and forest belt, it is necessary to form substitute forest net and forest belt nearby.

對林木更新困難地區已有的防風固沙林網、林帶，不得批準采伐。

No approval shall be granted to the felling of the existing windbreaking and sand-fixing forest networks and shelterbelts in regions where forest regeneration is difficult.

第十七條   禁止在沙化土地上砍挖灌木、藥材及其他固沙植物。

Article 17 Cutting or digging shrubs, medicinal herbs or other sand-fixation plants in desertified land is prohibited.

沙化土地所在地區的縣級人民政府，應當制定植被管護制度，嚴格保護植被，並根據需要在鄉（鎮）、村建立植被管護組織，確定管護人員。

The people's government at the county level located in a desertified region shall establish a vegetation protection and control system for strict protection of vegetation, set up vegetation protection and control organizations in townships (towns) and villages wherever necessary and designate people to conduct the protection and control.

在沙化土地範圍內，各類土地承包合同應當包括植被保護責任的內容。

In areas of desertified land, contracts concerning all categories of land shall include responsibilities for vegetation protection.

第十八條   草原地區的地方各級人民政府，應當加強草原的管理和建設，由林業草原行政主管部門會同畜牧業行政主管部門負責指導、組織農牧民建設人工草場，控制載畜量，調整牲畜結構，改良牲畜品種，推行牲畜圈養和草場輪牧，消滅草原鼠害、蟲害，保護草原植被，防止草原退化和沙化。

Article 18 The people's governments at various levels located in grassland areas shall tighten control and redouble their effort in developing the grasslands. The competent administrative departments for forestry and grasslands shall, together with the competent administrative departments for animal husbandry, be responsible for providing guidance and getting the farmers and herdsmen organized to build artificial pastures, control the livestock-carrying capacity, readjust the mix of livestock, improve the breeds of livestock, promote stall feeding and rotational grazing, and wipe out rodent and insect pests on the grasslands, so as to protect grassland vegetation and prevent degradation and desertification of grasslands.

草原實行以產草量確定載畜量的制度。由林業草原行政主管部門會同畜牧業行政主管部門負責制定載畜量的標準和有關規定，並逐級組織實施，明確責任，確保完成。

The system of determining livestock carrying capacity according to grass production shall be practiced in grassland. The competent administrative department for forestry and grassland shall, jointly with the competent administrative department for animal husbandry, be responsible for formulating the standards for livestock carrying capacity and the relevant provisions, making arrangements for their implementation level-by-level and defining responsibilities to ensure accomplishment.

第十九條   沙化土地所在地區的縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門，應當加強流域和區域水資源的統一調配和管理，在編制流域和區域水資源開發利用規劃和供水計劃時，必須考慮整個流域和區域植被保護的用水需求，防止因地下水和上遊水資源的過度開發利用，導致植被破壞和土地沙化。該規劃和計劃經批準後，必須嚴格實施。

Article 19 The administrative departments for water resources of the local people's governments at or above the county level located in desertified regions shall improve unified allocation and control of the water resources in river basins and regions; when formulating plans for the exploitation of water resources in river basins and regions and for water supply, they shall take into account the water demand for vegetation protection in the whole river basin and region, in order to prevent damage to vegetation and land desertification resulting from excessive exploitation of underground water and water resources at the upper reaches of a river. Once approved, the plans shall strictly be implemented.

沙化土地所在地區的地方各級人民政府應當節約用水，發展節水型農牧業和其他產業。

The people's governments located in desertified regions shall economize on the use of water, develop water-efficient agriculture, animal husbandry and other industries.

第二十條   沙化土地所在地區的縣級以上地方人民政府，不得批準在沙漠邊緣地帶和林地、草原開墾耕地；已經開墾並對生態產生不良影響的，應當有計劃地組織退耕還林還草。

Article 20 No people's government at or above the county level located in desertified regions may grant approval to land reclamation along the periphery of deserts or on forest land and grassland. Where land has been reclaimed with adverse impacts on the ecosystems, plans shall be made for conversion of the reclaimed farmland into forests or grasslands.

第二十一條   在沙化土地範圍內從事開發建設活動的，必須事先就該項目可能對當地及相關地區生態產生的影響進行環境影響評價，依法提交環境影響報告；環境影響報告應當包括有關防沙治沙的內容。

Article 21 Where exploitation and construction activities are to be carried out in desertified land, the potential environmental impact made by the project on the ecology of the locality and related regions shall be assessed in advance and a report on the environmental impact shall be submitted according to law, which should include efforts to be made for prevention and control of desertification.

第二十二條   在沙化土地封禁保護區範圍內，禁止一切破壞植被的活動。

Article 22 In the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land, all the activities damaging the vegetation are prohibited.

禁止在沙化土地封禁保護區範圍內安置移民。對沙化土地封禁保護區範圍內的農牧民，縣級以上地方人民政府應當有計劃地組織遷出，並妥善安置。沙化土地封禁保護區範圍內尚未遷出的農牧民的生產生活，由沙化土地封禁保護區主管部門妥善安排。

Relocation of immigrants in enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land is prohibited. The local people's governments at or above the county level shall make plans to help the farmers and herdsmen living in the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land move out of the areas and settle down appropriately. With regard to production and everyday life of the farmers and herdsmen still living in the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land, the authority there shall make proper arrangements for them.

未經國務院或者國務院指定的部門同意，不得在沙化土地封禁保護區範圍內進行修建鐵路、公路等建設活動。

Without approval of the State Council or the authority designated by the State Council, no railways, highways, etc. may be constructed in enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land.

第四章 沙化土地的治理

Chapter 4 Rehabilitation of Desertified Land

第二十三條   沙化土地所在地區的地方各級人民政府，應當按照防沙治沙規劃，組織有關部門、單位和個人，因地制宜地采取人工造林種草、飛機播種造林種草、封沙育林育草和合理調配生態用水等措施，恢複和增加植被，治理已經沙化的土地。

Article 23 The people's governments at various levels located in desertified regions shall, in accordance with plans for prevention and control of desertification, make arrangements for the relevant departments, units and individuals to take measures, in light of local conditions, to plant trees and grass artificially, sow seeds by plane, enclose sandy land to facilitate the growth of trees and grass, and properly allocate water for ecological purposes - all in order to restore or increase vegetation and rehabilitate desertified land.

第二十四條   國家鼓勵單位和個人在自願的前提下，捐資或者以其他形式開展公益性的治沙活動。

Article 24 The State encourages units and individuals, on a voluntary basis, to donate or, by other means, to take part in public welfare activities, for rehabilitating desertified land.

縣級以上地方人民政府林業草原或者其他有關行政主管部門，應當為公益性治沙活動提供治理地點和無償技術指導。

The administrative departments in charge of forestry, grassland and other relevant administrative departments of the local people's governments at the county level or above shall provide sites and gratuitous technical guidance for the transformation of desertified land for public welfare.

從事公益性治沙的單位和個人，應當按照縣級以上地方人民政府林業草原或者其他有關行政主管部門的技術要求進行治理，並可以將所種植的林、草委托他人管護或者交由當地人民政府有關行政主管部門管護。

The units and individuals that engage in rehabilitation of desertified land for public welfare shall do so in compliance with the technical requirements set by the forestry, grassland, or other relevant administrative departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level. They may entrust the trees and grass they have planted to other persons or the relevant administrative departments of the local people's governments for protection and control.

第二十五條   使用已經沙化的國有土地的使用權人和農民集體所有土地的承包經營權人，必須采取治理措施，改善土地質量；確實無能力完成治理任務的，可以委托他人治理或者與他人合作治理。委托或者合作治理的，應當簽訂協議，明確各方的權利和義務。

Article 25 Persons who enjoy the right to the use of desertified State-owned land or contractors who have the right to the management of land owned by the collectives of farmers shall take measures to rehabilitate such land in order to improve the soil quality. Those who are really not capable of accomplishing the task may entrust, or enlist the cooperation of, other persons to rehabilitate the desertified land. In this connection, an agreement shall be signed to define the rights and obligations of each party.

沙化土地所在地區的地方各級人民政府及其有關行政主管部門、技術推廣單位，應當為土地使用權人和承包經營權人的治沙活動提供技術指導。

The people's governments, the relevant administrative departments and technical advice stations located in desertified regions shall provide the persons enjoying the right to use the land and the contractors for managing the land with technical guidance in their efforts to rehabilitate the desertified land.

采取退耕還林還草、植樹種草或者封育措施治沙的土地使用權人和承包經營權人，按照國家有關規定，享受人民政府提供的政策優惠。

When persons enjoying the right to the use of land and contractors, in their efforts to rehabilitate desertified land, take measures to convert reclaimed land into forests or grasslands, plant trees and grass, or enclose areas for tending purposes, they shall, in accordance with relevant State regulations, enjoy preferential policies adopted by people 's governments.

第二十六條   不具有土地所有權或者使用權的單位和個人從事營利性治沙活動的，應當先與土地所有權人或者使用權人簽訂協議，依法取得土地使用權。

Article 26 Units or individuals that do not have land ownership or the right to the use of land but wish to engage in profit-making rehabilitation activities shall sign an agreement in advance with the landowner or the person that has the right to the use of the land in order to acquire such right in accordance with law.

在治理活動開始之前，從事營利性治沙活動的單位和個人應當向治理項目所在地的縣級以上地方人民政府林業草原行政主管部門或者縣級以上地方人民政府指定的其他行政主管部門提出治理申請，並附具下列文件：

Before starting rehabilitation, the units or individuals engaged in profit-making rehabilitation shall submit an application for rehabilitation, with the following documents attached, to the forestry or grassland administration department of the people's government at or above the county level located in the place where the rehabilitation project is to be launched or to another competent administrative department designated by the said government:

（一）被治理土地權屬的合法證明文件和治理協議；

1. Legal proving documents of the ownership of the land under transformation and the transformation agreement;

（二）符合防沙治沙規劃的治理方案；

(II) transforming schemes that comply with the planning of desert prevention and transformation; and

（三）治理所需的資金證明。

(III) Certificate of funds needed for treatment.

第二十七條   本法第二十六條第二款第二項所稱治理方案，應當包括以下內容：

Article 27 The rehabilitation proposals mentioned in Subparagraph (2) of the second paragraph in Article 26 of this Law shall include the following:

（一）治理範圍界限；

1. Boundary of scope of governance;

（二）分階段治理目標和治理期限；

(II) phased goals and time limit for rehabilitation;

（三）主要治理措施；

(III) main transforming measures;

（四）經當地水行政主管部門同意的用水來源和用水量指標；

(IV) the water sources and water use quotas approved by the local water resources administration department;

（五）治理後的土地用途和植被管護措施；

(V) purpose of land use and measures for vegetation management and protection after transformation; and

（六）其他需要載明的事項。

(VI) other matters necessary to be specified.

第二十八條   從事營利性治沙活動的單位和個人，必須按照治理方案進行治理。

Article 28 The units and individuals engaged in profit-making rehabilitation shall act in conformity with the rehabilitation proposals.

國家保護沙化土地治理者的合法權益。在治理者取得合法土地權屬的治理範圍內，未經治理者同意，其他任何單位和個人不得從事治理或者開發利用活動。

The State protects the lawful rights and interests of the persons transforming desertified land. Without their permission, no unit or individual may carry out rehabilitation or exploitation on the land of which they have acquired lawful ownership or the lawful right to the use.

第二十九條   治理者完成治理任務後，應當向縣級以上地方人民政府受理治理申請的行政主管部門提出驗收申請。經驗收合格的，受理治理申請的行政主管部門應當發給治理合格證明文件；經驗收不合格的，治理者應當繼續治理。

Article 29 After completing the rehabilitation task, the units or individuals concerned shall submit applications for inspection and acceptance to the administrative department that accepts the rehabilitation applications. The said department shall issue rehabilitation qualification certificates to those who pass the inspection. Those who fail shall continue rehabilitation of the desertified land.

第三十條   已經沙化的土地範圍內的鐵路、公路、河流和水渠兩側，城鎮、村莊、廠礦和水庫周圍，實行單位治理責任制，由縣級以上地方人民政府下達治理責任書，由責任單位負責組織造林種草或者采取其他治理措施。

Article 30 Along both sides of railways, highways, rivers and water channels, and around cities, towns, villages, factories, mines and reservoirs in regions where land has been desertified, a responsibility system for rehabilitation on a unit basis shall be applied. The local people's government at or above the county level shall issue letters of rehabilitation responsibilities to the units. The said units shall be responsible for enlisting efforts to plant trees and grass or taking other rehabilitation measures.

第三十一條   沙化土地所在地區的地方各級人民政府，可以組織當地農村集體經濟組織及其成員在自願的前提下，對已經沙化的土地進行集中治理。農村集體經濟組織及其成員投入的資金和勞力，可以折算為治理項目的股份、資本金，也可以采取其他形式給予補償。

Article 31 The people's governments at various levels located in desertified regions may get the local rural collective economic organizations and their members organized, on a voluntary basis, to concentrate their efforts on rehabilitating the desertified land. The funds and labor put in by the said organizations and their members may be converted into shares or capital funds for the rehabilitation projects, or be compensated by other means.

第五章 保障措施

Chapter 5 Guarantee Measures

第三十二條   國務院和沙化土地所在地區的地方各級人民政府應當在本級財政預算中按照防沙治沙規劃通過項目預算安排資金，用於本級人民政府確定的防沙治沙工程。在安排扶貧、農業、水利、道路、礦產、能源、農業綜合開發等項目時，應當根據具體情況，設立若幹防沙治沙子項目。

Article 32 The State Council and the people's governments at various levels located in desertified regions shall, on the basis of their plans for prevention and control of desertification, allocate funds from their respective budgets to the budgeted projects, to be used on the projects determined by them. When making plans for projects in respect of poverty alleviation, agriculture, water conservancy, road construction, minerals, energy resources and all-purpose exploitation of agriculture, they shall, in light of the specific conditions, plan for a number of sub-projects for prevention and control of desertification.

第三十三條   國務院和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府應當制定優惠政策，鼓勵和支持單位和個人防沙治沙。

Article 33 The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate preferential policies to encourage and support units and individuals in their efforts to prevent and control desertification.

縣級以上地方人民政府應當按照國家有關規定，根據防沙治沙的面積和難易程度，給予從事防沙治沙活動的單位和個人資金補助、財政貼息以及稅費減免等政策優惠。

In conformity with relevant State regulations and on the basis of the area under prevention and control and the degree of difficulty, the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, where the units and individuals engaged in prevention and control of desertification are concerned, apply preferential policies such as financial subsidy, interests which will be paid by budget and tax and fee reduction or exemption.

單位和個人投資進行防沙治沙的，在投資階段免征各種稅收；取得一定收益後，可以免征或者減征有關稅收。

Units and individuals investing in prevention and control of desertification shall be exempted from all kinds of taxes during the period of investment. Certain taxes may be exempted or reduced when they begin to earn a specified amount of profits.

第三十四條   使用已經沙化的國有土地從事治沙活動的，經縣級以上人民政府依法批準，可以享有不超過七十年的土地使用權。具體年限和管理辦法，由國務院規定。

Article 34 Any unit or individual that apply for rehabilitating desertified State-owned land shall, upon approval given by the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with law, enjoy the right to the use of the land for a maximum of 70 years. The specific number of years and the measures for management shall be formulated by the State Council.

使用已經沙化的集體所有土地從事治沙活動的，治理者應當與土地所有人簽訂土地承包合同。具體承包期限和當事人的其他權利、義務由承包合同雙方依法在土地承包合同中約定。縣級人民政府依法根據土地承包合同向治理者頒發土地使用權證書，保護集體所有沙化土地治理者的土地使用權。

Any unit or individual that intend to rehabilitate collectively owned desertified land shall sign a contract with the owner of the land. The specific contracting terms and other rights and obligations of the parties shall be agreed upon in the land contract by both parties to the contract according to law. The county people's government shall, in accordance with law, issue to the unit or individual a certificate of land use right in order to protect the right of the unit or individual to the use of the desertified land owned by the collective.

第三十五條   因保護生態的特殊要求，將治理後的土地批準劃為自然保護區或者沙化土地封禁保護區的，批準機關應當給予治理者合理的經濟補償。

Article 35 Where, for the special need of ecological protection, rehabilitated land is designated, upon approval, as natural reserve or enclosed and forbidden reserve of desertified land, the approving authority shall give reasonable financial compensation to the units or individuals that have rehabilitated the land.

第三十六條   國家根據防沙治沙的需要，組織設立防沙治沙重點科研項目和示範、推廣項目，並對防沙治沙、沙區能源、沙生經濟作物、節水灌溉、防止草原退化、沙地旱作農業等方面的科學研究與技術推廣給予資金補助、稅費減免等政策優惠。

Article 36 The State, in light of the need for prevention and control of desertification, makes arrangements for launching key scientific research projects and demonstration and popularization projects for prevention and control of desertification, and adopts preferential policies such as financial subsidy, reduction or exemption of taxes in respect of scientific research and technology popularization in prevention and control of desertification, energy resources in the desertified land area, cultivation of desert economic crops, water-efficient irrigation, prevention of grassland degradation, non-irrigated farming in sandy land, etc.

第三十七條   任何單位和個人不得截留、挪用防沙治沙資金。

Article 37 No unit or individual may withhold or misappropriate the funds earmarked for prevention and control of desertification.

縣級以上人民政府審計機關，應當依法對防沙治沙資金使用情況實施審計監督。

The audit offices of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, pursuant to law, audit and supervise the use of funds earmarked for prevention and control of desertification.

第六章 法律責任

Chapter 6 Legal Liabilities

第三十八條   違反本法第二十二條第一款規定，在沙化土地封禁保護區範圍內從事破壞植被活動的，由縣級以上地方人民政府林業草原行政主管部門責令停止違法行為；有違法所得的，沒收其違法所得；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 38 Any unit or individual that, in violation of the provisions in the first paragraph of Article 22 of this Law, engages in activities damaging the vegetation in the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land shall be ordered by the administrative department for forestry and grassland under the local people's government at or above the county level to discontinue the illegal act; the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated; and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.

第三十九條   違反本法第二十五條第一款規定，國有土地使用權人和農民集體所有土地承包經營權人未采取防沙治沙措施，造成土地嚴重沙化的，由縣級以上地方人民政府林業草原行政主管部門責令限期治理；造成國有土地嚴重沙化的，縣級以上人民政府可以收回國有土地使用權。

Article 39 Where persons who enjoy the right to the use of State-owned land or contractors who have the right to the management of the land owned by the collectives of farmers, in violation of the provisions in the first paragraph of Article 25 of this Law, fail to take measures to prevent and control desertification, thus causing serious desertification of land, the administrative departments in charge of forestry and grassland under the people's governments at or above the county level shall order them to rehabilitate the land within a time limit; where State-owned land is seriously desertified, the people's governments at or above the county level may take back the said right.

第四十條   違反本法規定，進行營利性治沙活動，造成土地沙化加重的，由縣級以上地方人民政府負責受理營利性治沙申請的行政主管部門責令停止違法行為，可以並處每公頃五千元以上五萬元以下的罰款。

Article 40 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in prevention and control of desertification for making profits, thus aggravating land desertification, the administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level which is responsible for accepting applications for profit-making prevention and control of desertification shall order him to desist from the unlawful act and may also impose on him a fine not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan per hectare.

第四十一條   違反本法第二十八條第一款規定，不按照治理方案進行治理的，或者違反本法第二十九條規定，經驗收不合格又不按要求繼續治理的，由縣級以上地方人民政府負責受理營利性治沙申請的行政主管部門責令停止違法行為，限期改正，可以並處相當於治理費用一倍以上三倍以下的罰款。

Article 41 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions in the first paragraph of Article 28 of this Law, fails to rehabilitate desertified land in conformity with the rehabilitation proposals or who, in violation of the provisions in Article 29 of this Law, fails to pass the inspection before continuing to rehabilitate the land as required shall be ordered by the administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level which is responsible for accepting applications for profit-making prevention and control of desertification to desist from the unlawful act and to make rectification within a time limit, and may also be fined not less than one time but not more than three times the amount of the funds needed for rehabilitation.

第四十二條   違反本法第二十八條第二款規定，未經治理者同意，擅自在他人的治理範圍內從事治理或者開發利用活動的，由縣級以上地方人民政府負責受理營利性治沙申請的行政主管部門責令停止違法行為；給治理者造成損失的，應當賠償損失。

Article 42 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions in the second paragraph of Article 28 of this Law and without permission of the unit or individual concerned, carries out rehabilitation or exploitation in the area the said unit or individual is rehabilitating shall be ordered by the administrative department of the local people's government at or above county level which is responsible for accepting applications for profit-making prevention and control of desertification to desist from the unlawful act and, where losses are caused to the unit or individual, compensate the losses.

第四十三條   違反本法規定，有下列情形之一的，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員，由所在單位、監察機關或者上級行政主管部門依法給予行政處分：

Article 43 Where any of the following acts is committed in violation of the provisions of this Law, the persons chiefly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall, in accordance with law, be given administrative sanctions by the unit they belong to, the supervisory authority or the administrative department at a higher level:

（一）違反本法第十五條第一款規定，發現土地發生沙化或者沙化程度加重不及時報告的，或者收到報告後不責成有關行政主管部門采取措施的；

1. in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 15 of this Law, failing to report promptly when discovering that land is being desertified or desertification becomes aggravated or, after receiving the report, failing to order the administrative department concerned to take measures;

（二）違反本法第十六條第二款、第三款規定，批準采伐防風固沙林網、林帶的；

2. in violation of the provisions in the second and third paragraph of Article 16 of this Law, giving approval to felling of trees in the windbreaking and sand-fixing forest networks or shelterbelts;

（三）違反本法第二十條規定，批準在沙漠邊緣地帶和林地、草原開墾耕地的；

(III) in violation of the provisions in Article 20 of this Law, giving approval to land reclamation along the periphery of deserts, or on forest land or grassland;

（四）違反本法第二十二條第二款規定，在沙化土地封禁保護區範圍內安置移民的；

(IV) in violation of the provisions in the second paragraph of Article 22 of this Law, relocating immigrants in enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land; or

（五）違反本法第二十二條第三款規定，未經批準在沙化土地封禁保護區範圍內進行修建鐵路、公路等建設活動的。

(V) in violation of the provisions in the third paragraph of Article 22 of this Law and without approval, constructing railways, highways, etc. in the enclosed and forbidden reserves of desertified land.

第四十四條   違反本法第三十七條第一款規定，截留、挪用防沙治沙資金的，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員，由監察機關或者上級行政主管部門依法給予行政處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 44 Where, in violation of the provisions in the first paragraph of Article 37 of this Law, funds earmarked for prevention and control of desertification are withheld or misappropriated, the persons chiefly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall, in accordance with law, be given administrative sanctions by the supervisory authority or the administrative department at a higher level. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.

第四十五條   防沙治沙監督管理人員濫用職權、玩忽職守、徇私舞弊，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 45 Where a person in charge of supervision over prevention and control of desertification abuses his power, neglects his duty or engages in malpractice for personal gain, which constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

第七章 附 則

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第四十六條   本法第五條第二款中所稱的有關法律，是指《中華人民共和國森林法》《中華人民共和國草原法》《中華人民共和國水土保持法》《中華人民共和國土地管理法》《中華人民共和國環境保護法》和《中華人民共和國氣象法》。

Article 46 The relevant laws referred to in the second paragraph of Article 5 of this Law mean the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China, the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation, the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and the Meteorology Law of the People's Republic of China.

第四十七條   本法自2002年1月1日起施行。

Article 47 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 2002.