法律文本

中华人民共和国未成年人保护法（2012修正）

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors (Revised in 2012)

（1991年9月4日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十一次会议通过 1991年9月4日中华人民共和国主席令第50号公布 2006年12月29日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十五次会议第一次修订通过 2006年12月29日中华人民共和国主席令第60号公布 根据2012年10月26日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议通过 2012年10月26日中华人民共和国主席令第65号公布 自2013年1月1日起施行的《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改〈中华人民共和国未成年人保护法〉的决定》第二次修正）

(Adopted at the 21st Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on September 4, 1991 and promulgated under the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No.50 on September 4, 1991; amended for the first time at the 25th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on December 29, 2006 and promulgated under the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No.60 on December 29, 2006; and amended for the second time according to the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the Revision of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors adopted at the 29th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on October 26, 2012 and promulgated under the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No.65 on October 26, 2012, with effect as of January 1, 2013)

第一章 总则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为了保护未成年人的身心健康，保障未成年人的合法权益，促进未成年人在品德、智力、体质等方面全面发展，培养有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义建设者和接班人，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of protecting the physical and mental health of minors, safeguarding their lawful rights and interests, promoting their all-round development morally, intellectually and physically, and training them into builders of and successors to the socialist cause with lofty ideals, sound morality, good education and a good sense of discipline.

第二条   本法所称未成年人是指未满十八周岁的公民。

Article 2 Minors as used in this Law refer to citizens under the age of eighteen.

第三条   未成年人享有生存权、发展权、受保护权、参与权等权利，国家根据未成年人身心发展特点给予特殊、优先保护，保障未成年人的合法权益不受侵犯。

Article 3 Minors enjoy the right to life, the right to development, the right to being protected and the right to participation. The state shall, according to minors' physical and mental development features, provide particular and preferential protection, and safeguard minors' legitimate rights and interests from being injured.

未成年人享有受教育权，国家、社会、学校和家庭尊重和保障未成年人的受教育权。

The state, the society, schools and families shall respect and guarantee minors' right to receive education.

未成年人不分性别、民族、种族、家庭财产状况、宗教信仰等，依法平等地享有权利。

Minors equally enjoy rights under the law regardless of their gender, ethnicity, race, family property status and religious belief, etc.

第四条   国家、社会、学校和家庭对未成年人进行理想教育、道德教育、文化教育、纪律和法制教育，进行爱国主义、集体主义和社会主义的教育，提倡爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱社会主义的公德，反对资本主义的、封建主义的和其他的腐朽思想的侵蚀。

Article 4 The State, society, schools and families shall educate minors in ideals, morality, culture, discipline and legal system as well as in patriotism, collectivism and socialism, foster among them the social ethics of loving the motherland, the people, labour, science and socialism, and fight against the corrosive influences of bourgeois, feudal and other decadent ideologies.

第五条   保护未成年人的工作，应当遵循下列原则：

Article 5 The protection of minors shall follow the following principles:

（一）尊重未成年人的人格尊严；

1. Respecting the personality and dignity of minors;

（二）适应未成年人身心发展的规律和特点；

2. Fitting in with the law and features of minors' physical and mental development; and

（三）教育与保护相结合。

(III) Combining education with protection.

第六条   保护未成年人，是国家机关、武装力量、政党、社会团体、企业事业组织、城乡基层群众性自治组织、未成年人的监护人和其他成年公民的共同责任。

Article 6 To protect minors is the common responsibility of state organs, armed forces, political parties, social organizations, enterprises, public institutions, self-governing mass organizations at grass-root levels in urban and rural areas, guardians of minors, and other adult citizens.

对侵犯未成年人合法权益的行为，任何组织和个人都有权予以劝阻、制止或者向有关部门提出检举或者控告。

Any organization or individual shall have the right to dissuade or stop any act encroaching upon the lawful rights and interests of minors, or report to or complain before a department concerned thereagainst.

国家、社会、学校和家庭应当教育和帮助未成年人维护自己的合法权益，增强自我保护的意识和能力，增强社会责任感。

The state, society, schools and families shall educate and help minors to safeguard their lawful rights and interests, to enhance their consciousness and capacities of protecting themselves, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility.

第七条   中央和地方各级国家机关应当在各自的职责范围内做好未成年人保护工作。

Article 7 State organs at the central and local levels shall, within the scope of their functions and responsibilities, ensure the protection of minors.

国务院和地方各级人民政府领导有关部门做好未成年人保护工作；将未成年人保护工作纳入国民经济和社会发展规划以及年度计划，相关经费纳入本级政府预算。

The State Council and the local people's governments at all levels shall lead the relevant departments in properly protecting minors; incorporate the protection of minors into the national economic and social development planning and their annual plans, and incorporate the relevant expenses into the budget of the governments at their respective levels.

国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府采取组织措施，协调有关部门做好未成年人保护工作。具体机构由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定。

The State Council and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall take organizational measures to coordinate the relevant departments in properly protecting minors. The specific organs shall be designated by the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

第八条   共产主义青年团、妇女联合会、工会、青年联合会、学生联合会、少年先锋队以及其他有关社会团体，协助各级人民政府做好未成年人保护工作，维护未成年人的合法权益。

Article 8 The Communist Youth League organs, women's federations, trade unions, youth federations, students' federations, young pioneers' organizations and other social organizations shall assist the people's governments at various levels in ensuring the protection of minors and safeguarding their lawful rights and interests.

第九条   各级人民政府和有关部门对保护未成年人有显著成绩的组织和个人，给予表彰和奖励。

Article 9 The people's governments at all levels and the departments concerned shall commend and award the organizations and individuals that have made remarkable achievements in the protection of minors.

第二章 家庭保护

Chapter 2 Protection by the Family

第十条   父母或者其他监护人应当创造良好、和睦的家庭环境，依法履行对未成年人的监护职责和抚养义务。

Article 10 Parents or other guardians shall create a good and harmonious family environment, as well as fulfill their guardianship duties and fostering obligations to minors according to law.

禁止对未成年人实施家庭暴力，禁止虐待、遗弃未成年人，禁止溺婴和其他残害婴儿的行为，不得歧视女性未成年人或者有残疾的未成年人。

It is prohibited to commit family violence against minors, or to maltreat or forsake minors. It is also prohibited to infanticide or otherwise cruelly kill infants. No one may discriminate against female or handicapped minors.

第十一条   父母或者其他监护人应当关注未成年人的生理、心理状况和行为习惯，以健康的思想、良好的品行和适当的方法教育和影响未成年人，引导未成年人进行有益身心健康的活动，预防和制止未成年人吸烟、酗酒、流浪、沉迷网络以及赌博、吸毒、卖淫等行为。

Article 11 Parents or other guardians shall pay attention to minors' physiological and psychological conditions as well as their behavioral habits, cultivate and influence minors in respect of healthy ideology, good morality and proper methods, guide minors to carry out activities that are conducive to their physical and mental health, prevent and stop minors from smoking, excessively drinking, living a vagrant life, being indulgent with network, gambling, taking drugs, or prostitution, etc.

第十二条   父母或者其他监护人应当学习家庭教育知识，正确履行监护职责，抚养教育未成年人。

Article 12 Parents or other guardians shall be equipped with family education knowledge, correctly perform guardianship duties, foster and educate minors.

有关国家机关和社会组织应当为未成年人的父母或者其他监护人提供家庭教育指导。

The relevant State organs and social organizations shall provide minors' parents or other guardians with guidance on family education.

第十三条   父母或者其他监护人应当尊重未成年人受教育的权利，必须使适龄未成年人依法入学接受并完成义务教育，不得使接受义务教育的未成年人辍学。

Article 13 The parents or other guardians of minors shall respect the minors' right to receive education, must ensure the minors of school age to go to school to receive and complete compulsory education according to law, and shall not discontinue the schooling of the minors who shall receive compulsory education at school.

第十四条   父母或者其他监护人应当根据未成年人的年龄和智力发展状况，在作出与未成年人权益有关的决定时告知其本人，并听取他们的意见。

Article 14 When making a decision in relation to a minor's rights and interests, the minor's parents or other guardians shall take into account the minor's age and intellectual development status, notify the minor himself/herself and listen to the minor's opinions.

第十五条   父母或者其他监护人不得允许或者迫使未成年人结婚，不得为未成年人订立婚约。

Article 15 The parents or other guardians of minors may not permit or force the minors to marry, nor may they undertake an engagement for the minors.

第十六条   父母因外出务工或者其他原因不能履行对未成年人监护职责的，应当委托有监护能力的其他成年人代为监护。

Article 16 Where parents are unable to perform their guardianship duties to minors because of leaving their hometown to work or other reasons, they shall entrust adults with the capacity of guardianship to guard the minors on their behalf.

第三章 学校保护

Chapter 3 Protection by the School

第十七条   学校应当全面贯彻国家的教育方针，实施素质教育，提高教育质量，注重培养未成年学生独立思考能力、创新能力和实践能力，促进未成年学生全面发展。

Article 17 Schools shall implement the state's guideline for education in an all-round way, practice quality-oriented education, improve the quality of education, pay attention to cultivating minor students' independent thinking capacity, innovation capacity and practice capacity, and promote minor students to develop in an all-round way.

第十八条   学校应当尊重未成年学生受教育的权利，关心、爱护学生，对品行有缺点、学习有困难的学生，应当耐心教育、帮助，不得歧视，不得违反法律和国家规定开除未成年学生。

Article 18 Schools shall respect minor students' right to receive education, show concern for and take good care of the students; for the students who have shortcomings in conduct or difficulties in study, the school shall provide patient education and help, and may not discriminate against them or expel any minor student in violation of the law or regulations of the state.

第十九条   学校应当根据未成年学生身心发展的特点，对他们进行社会生活指导、心理健康辅导和青春期教育。

Article 19 Schools shall, according to the physical and mental development features of minor students, provide minors with social life guidance, psychological health tutorship and adolescence education.

第二十条   学校应当与未成年学生的父母或者其他监护人互相配合，保证未成年学生的睡眠、娱乐和体育锻炼时间，不得加重其学习负担。

Article 20 Schools shall cooperate with the parents or other guardians of minor students in ensuring minor students' time for sleep, recreation and physical trainings, and shall not aggravate their burdens of study.

第二十一条   学校、幼儿园、托儿所的教职员工应当尊重未成年人的人格尊严，不得对未成年人实施体罚、变相体罚或者其他侮辱人格尊严的行为。

Article 21 The teaching and administrative staff of schools, kindergartens and nurseries shall respect the personality and dignity of minors, and may not commit corporal punishment directly or in disguised forms against minors, or commit any other act that humiliates the personality and dignity of minors.

第二十二条   学校、幼儿园、托儿所应当建立安全制度，加强对未成年人的安全教育，采取措施保障未成年人的人身安全。

Article 22 Schools, kindergartens and nurseries shall establish a safety system, strengthen the safety education for minors, and take measures to guarantee the personal safety of minors.

学校、幼儿园、托儿所不得在危及未成年人人身安全、健康的校舍和其他设施、场所中进行教育教学活动。

Schools, kindergartens and nurseries may not carry out education and teaching activities in school buildings and other facilities or places that endanger the personal safety or health of minors.

学校、幼儿园安排未成年人参加集会、文化娱乐、社会实践等集体活动，应当有利于未成年人的健康成长，防止发生人身安全事故。

Collective activities organized by schools or kindergartens for minors, such as taking part in gatherings, recreational activities and social practices, shall be conducive to the healthy growth of minors; and accidents endangering personal safety shall be prevented.

第二十三条   教育行政等部门和学校、幼儿园、托儿所应当根据需要，制定应对各种灾害、传染性疾病、食物中毒、意外伤害等突发事件的预案，配备相应设施并进行必要的演练，增强未成年人的自我保护意识和能力。

Article 23. The education administrative authority and other authorities as well as schools, kindergartens and nurseries shall formulate contingency plans for response to various emergencies such as disasters, infectious diseases, food poisoning, accidental injuries, etc, be equipped with the corresponding facilities and carry out the requisite drills and strengthen the awareness and capability of self-protection of minors.

第二十四条   学校对未成年学生在校内或者本校组织的校外活动中发生人身伤害事故的，应当及时救护，妥善处理，并及时向有关主管部门报告。

Article 24 A school shall, when a personal injury accident occurs in an activity of minor students either within the school or in such an activity organized by the school outside, timely rescue the injured, make appropriate treatment, and timely report it to the relevant competent department.

第二十五条   对于在学校接受教育的有严重不良行为的未成年学生，学校和父母或者其他监护人应当互相配合加以管教；无力管教或者管教无效的，可以按照有关规定将其送专门学校继续接受教育。

Article 25 Schools and the parents or other guardians shall cooperate with each other to control and educate the minor students who receive education in schools but have committed serious misbehaviors; if they are unable to control and educate such minor students or their control and education fail to be effective, they may send such minor students to special schools according to relevant provisions for continuing their education.

依法设置专门学校的地方人民政府应当保障专门学校的办学条件，教育行政部门应当加强对专门学校的管理和指导，有关部门应当给予协助和配合。

A local people's government that establishes special schools according to law shall guarantee the conditions for running the special schools. The education administrative department shall strengthen the administration and guidance of the special schools, and the relevant departments shall provide assistance and cooperation.

专门学校应当对在校就读的未成年学生进行思想教育、文化教育、纪律和法制教育、劳动技术教育和职业教育。

A special school shall offer ideological, cultural, disciplinary, legal, labor skill, and vocational education for the minor students who study in the school.

专门学校的教职员工应当关心、爱护、尊重学生，不得歧视、厌弃。

The teaching and administrative staff of special schools shall show concern for, take good care of and respect students, instead of discriminating against, detesting or rejecting them.

第二十六条   幼儿园应当做好保育、教育工作，促进幼儿在体质、智力、品德等方面和谐发展。

Article 26 Kindergartens shall do a good job in nursing care and education so as to promote the harmonious development of children in physique, intellectual ability and moral values.

第四章 社会保护

Chapter 4 Protection by the Society

第二十七条   全社会应当树立尊重、保护、教育未成年人的良好风尚，关心、爱护未成年人。

Article 27 The whole society shall establish a good atmosphere of respecting, protecting and educating minors, take care of and cherish minors.

国家鼓励社会团体、企业事业组织以及其他组织和个人，开展多种形式的有利于未成年人健康成长的社会活动。

The State shall encourage social organizations, enterprises, institutions and other organizations and individuals to hold various forms of social activities that are conducive to the healthy growth of minors.

第二十八条   各级人民政府应当保障未成年人受教育的权利，并采取措施保障家庭经济困难的、残疾的和流动人口中的未成年人等接受义务教育。

Article 28 The people's governments at all levels shall guarantee minors' right to receive education, and take measures to guarantee the minors whose families have economic difficulties or who are disabled and the minors among floating population to receive compulsory education.

第二十九条   各级人民政府应当建立和改善适合未成年人文化生活需要的活动场所和设施，鼓励社会力量兴办适合未成年人的活动场所，并加强管理。

Article 29 The people's governments at all levels shall establish and improve activity sites and facilities meeting the needs in minors' cultural lives, encourage private sectors to establish activity sites suitable for minors, and strengthen the administration.

第三十条   爱国主义教育基地、图书馆、青少年宫、儿童活动中心应当对未成年人免费开放；博物馆、纪念馆、科技馆、展览馆、美术馆、文化馆以及影剧院、体育场馆、动物园、公园等场所，应当按照有关规定对未成年人免费或者优惠开放。

Article 30 Patriotism education bases, libraries, youth and children's palaces and children's activity centers shall be open to minors free of charge. Museums, memorial halls, scientific and technological centers, exhibition centers, art galleries, cultural centers, cinemas, theatres, stadiums, gymnasiums, zoos, parks and other similar sites shall be open to minors free of charge or at preferential fee rates according to relevant provisions.

第三十一条   县级以上人民政府及其教育行政部门应当采取措施，鼓励和支持中小学校在节假日期间将文化体育设施对未成年人免费或者优惠开放。

Article 31 The people's governments at and above the county level and their education administrative departments shall take measures to encourage and support middle and primary schools to open cultural and sports facilities to minors free of charge or at preferential fee rates during holidays.

社区中的公益性互联网上网服务设施，应当对未成年人免费或者优惠开放，为未成年人提供安全、健康的上网服务。

The public welfare internet service facilities in residential areas shall be open to minors free of charge or at preferential fee rates, and shall provide minors with safe and healthy internet services.

第三十二条   国家鼓励新闻、出版、信息产业、广播、电影、电视、文艺等单位和作家、艺术家、科学家以及其他公民，创作或者提供有利于未成年人健康成长的作品。出版、制作和传播专门以未成年人为对象的内容健康的图书、报刊、音像制品、电子出版物以及网络信息等，国家给予扶持。

Article 32 The state encourages entities of press, publication, information industry, broadcasting, film and television, art and literature, as well as writers, artists, scientists and other citizens to create or provide works conducive to the healthy growth of minors. The state shall render support for the publishing, production and dissemination of healthy books, newspapers, magazines, audio and video products, electronic publications, and network information, etc. which specially aim at minors.

国家鼓励科研机构和科技团体对未成年人开展科学知识普及活动。

The State shall encourage scientific research institutions and scientific and technological organizations to carry out scientific knowledge dissemination activities targeted at minors.

第三十三条   国家采取措施，预防未成年人沉迷网络。

Article 33 The state shall take measures to prevent minors from becoming addicted to the internet.

国家鼓励研究开发有利于未成年人健康成长的网络产品，推广用于阻止未成年人沉迷网络的新技术。

The state encourages the research and development network products conducive to the healthy growth of minors, as well as the promotion of new technologies used for preventing minors from becoming addicted to the network.

第三十四条   禁止任何组织、个人制作或者向未成年人出售、出租或者以其他方式传播淫秽、暴力、凶杀、恐怖、赌博等毒害未成年人的图书、报刊、音像制品、电子出版物以及网络信息等。

Article 34 Any organization or individual is prohibited from selling, leasing, or disseminating by any other means to minors the books, newspapers, magazines, audio and video products, electronic publications, or network information, etc. of pornography, violence, homicide, terror or gambling, etc. that are harmful to minors.

第三十五条   生产、销售用于未成年人的食品、药品、玩具、用具和游乐设施等，应当符合国家标准或者行业标准，不得有害于未成年人的安全和健康；需要标明注意事项的，应当在显著位置标明。

Article 35 The food, drugs, toys, utensils and amusement facilities, etc. produced for and sold to minors shall meet the national standards or industrial standards, and may not be harmful to the safety or health of minors. Any necessary precautions shall be indicated at an eye-catching position.

第三十六条   中小学校园周边不得设置营业性歌舞娱乐场所、互联网上网服务营业场所等不适宜未成年人活动的场所。

Article 36 No site unsuitable for minors, such as commercial singing and dancing recreation site or internet access service business site, etc. may be established nearby elementary or high schools.

营业性歌舞娱乐场所、互联网上网服务营业场所等不适宜未成年人活动的场所，不得允许未成年人进入，经营者应当在显著位置设置未成年人禁入标志；对难以判明是否已成年的，应当要求其出示身份证件。

No site unsuitable for minors to carry out activities, such as commercial singing and dancing recreation site or internet access service business site, etc. may allow minors to enter. The business operator shall set up a sign prohibiting minors' entry at an eye-catching position; or shall, if it is hard to determine whether the customer is an adult, require him/her to show his/her identity certificate.

第三十七条   禁止向未成年人出售烟酒，经营者应当在显著位置设置不向未成年人出售烟酒的标志；对难以判明是否已成年的，应当要求其出示身份证件。

Article 37 It is prohibited to sell cigarettes or alcohol to minors, and the business operator shall set up a sign of not selling cigarettes or alcohol to minors at an eye-catching position; or shall, if it is difficult to determine whether the customer is an adult, require him/her to show his/her identity certificate.

任何人不得在中小学校、幼儿园、托儿所的教室、寝室、活动室和其他未成年人集中活动的场所吸烟、饮酒。

No person may smoke or drink alcohol in the classrooms, dormitories, recreational rooms and other places where minors gather for activities in primary and secondary schools, kindergartens and nurseries.

第三十八条   任何组织或者个人不得招用未满十六周岁的未成年人，国家另有规定的除外。

Article 38 No organization or individual may hire any minor under the age of sixteen, except as otherwise provided by the State.

任何组织或者个人按照国家有关规定招用已满十六周岁未满十八周岁的未成年人的，应当执行国家在工种、劳动时间、劳动强度和保护措施等方面的规定，不得安排其从事过重、有毒、有害等危害未成年人身心健康的劳动或者危险作业。

Any organization or individual that recruits minors over the age of sixteen but under the age of eighteen according to relevant provisions of the state shall implement relevant provisions of the state in respect of the types of jobs, working hours, intensity of work and protective measures, etc., and may not assign to them any job or dangerous operation endangering the physical and mental health of minors, which are over-strenuous, poisonous or harmful, etc.

第三十九条   任何组织或者个人不得披露未成年人的个人隐私。

Article 39 No organization or individual may disclose the personal secrets of minors.

对未成年人的信件、日记、电子邮件，任何组织或者个人不得隐匿、毁弃；除因追查犯罪的需要，由公安机关或者人民检察院依法进行检查，或者对无行为能力的未成年人的信件、日记、电子邮件由其父母或者其他监护人代为开拆、查阅外，任何组织或者个人不得开拆、查阅。

No organization or individual may conceal, destroy or discard the mail, diary or e-mail of any minor, and no organization or individual may open or consult it unless so required for the investigation of a crime, in which case, the public security organ or the people's procuratorate may make an inspection, or the parents or other guardians may open and consult the mail diary or e-mail of any minor without capacity of conduct on his or her behalf.

第四十条   学校、幼儿园、托儿所和公共场所发生突发事件时，应当优先救护未成年人。

Article 40 When a school, kindergarten, nursery or public place meets with an emergency, minors shall be rescued in priority.

第四十一条   禁止拐卖、绑架、虐待未成年人，禁止对未成年人实施性侵害。

Article 41 It is prohibited to abduct, kidnap or maltreat minors, or to commit sexual assault against minors.

禁止胁迫、诱骗、利用未成年人乞讨或者组织未成年人进行有害其身心健康的表演等活动。

It is prohibited to coerce, inveigle or use minors for begging or to organize minors to carry out performances or other activities that are harmful to their physical or mental health.

第四十二条   公安机关应当采取有力措施，依法维护校园周边的治安和交通秩序，预防和制止侵害未成年人合法权益的违法犯罪行为。

Article 42 Public security organs shall take effective measures to maintain the public security and traffic order around schools according to law, as well as prevent and stop illegal or criminal acts which injure the legitimate rights and interests of minors.

任何组织或者个人不得扰乱教学秩序，不得侵占、破坏学校、幼儿园、托儿所的场地、房屋和设施。

No organization or individual may disturb the teaching order, or encroach upon or destroy the sites, houses or facilities of any school, kindergarten or nursery.

第四十三条   县级以上人民政府及其民政部门应当根据需要设立救助场所，对流浪乞讨等生活无着未成年人实施救助，承担临时监护责任；公安部门或者其他有关部门应当护送流浪乞讨或者离家出走的未成年人到救助场所，由救助场所予以救助和妥善照顾，并及时通知其父母或者其他监护人领回。

Article 43 The people's governments at or above the county level and the civil affairs departments shall, when necessary, establish relief sites to relieve the minors who live a vagrant life and go begging without living sources, and assume temporary guardianship duties; the public security departments or other relevant departments shall escort the minors who live a vagrant life and go begging or flee from their homes to the relief sites, and the relief sites shall relieve and take appropriate care of them, and timely notify their parents or other guardians to bring them back.

对孤儿、无法查明其父母或者其他监护人的以及其他生活无着的未成年人，由民政部门设立的儿童福利机构收留抚养。

For orphans, the minors whose parents or other guardians cannot be found out, and other minors having no living sources, the welfare organizations for children established by the civil affairs departments shall take them in and raise them.

未成年人救助机构、儿童福利机构及其工作人员应当依法履行职责，不得虐待、歧视未成年人；不得在办理收留抚养工作中牟取利益。

Minor relief institutions, children welfare institutions and their staff shall perform their duties according to law, and shall not maltreat or discriminate against minors; nor may they seek benefits in the work of taking minors in and raising them.

第四十四条   卫生部门和学校应当对未成年人进行卫生保健和营养指导，提供必要的卫生保健条件，做好疾病预防工作。

Article 44 Departments of public health and schools shall provide sanitary, health-care and nutrition guidance for minors, provide them with necessary sanitary and health-care conditions, and do a good job in preventing diseases.

卫生部门应当做好对儿童的预防接种工作，国家免疫规划项目的预防接种实行免费；积极防治儿童常见病、多发病，加强对传染病防治工作的监督管理，加强对幼儿园、托儿所卫生保健的业务指导和监督检查。

Departments of public health shall do a good job in preventive inoculation for children, and the preventive inoculation items under state immunity planning shall be offered free of charge; departments shall also actively prevent common and frequently-occurring diseases among children, strengthen supervision and control over the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and strengthen professional guidance, supervision and inspection of sanitation and health-care work in kindergartens and nurseries.

第四十五条   地方各级人民政府应当积极发展托幼事业，办好托儿所、幼儿园，支持社会组织和个人依法兴办哺乳室、托儿所、幼儿园。

Article 45 Local people's governments at various levels shall make efforts to develop child-care undertakings and strive to run nurseries and kindergartens well, support social organizations and individuals to establish nursing rooms, nurseries and kindergartens according to law.

各级人民政府和有关部门应当采取多种形式，培养和训练幼儿园、托儿所的保教人员，提高其职业道德素质和业务能力。

People's governments at various levels and departments concerned shall, through various forms, foster and train child-care and teaching staff in nurseries and kindergartens, and enhance their professional ethics and competence.

第四十六条   国家依法保护未成年人的智力成果和荣誉权不受侵犯。

Article 46 The State shall protect according to law the intellectual achievements and the right of honour of minors from encroachment.

第四十七条   未成年人已经完成规定年限的义务教育不再升学的，政府有关部门和社会团体、企业事业组织应当根据实际情况，对他们进行职业教育，为他们创造劳动就业条件。

Article 47 In respect of minors who have completed the prescribed length of schooling in terms of compulsory education and will not receive education at a higher level, the relevant governmental departments, social organizations, enterprises and institutions shall, in light of the actual conditions, provide them with vocational education and create conditions for their employment.

第四十八条   居民委员会、村民委员会应当协助有关部门教育和挽救违法犯罪的未成年人，预防和制止侵害未成年人合法权益的违法犯罪行为。

Article 48 Residents' committees and villagers' committees shall assist relevant departments in educating and redeeming the delinquent minors, prevent and stop the illegal or criminal acts which injure the legitimate rights and interests of minors.

第四十九条   未成年人的合法权益受到侵害的，被侵害人及其监护人或者其他组织和个人有权向有关部门投诉，有关部门应当依法及时处理。

Article 49 Where a minor's legitimate rights and interests are infringed, he and his guardians or other organizations and individuals have the right to complain to the relevant department, and the relevant department shall timely handle the complaint according to law.

第五章 司法保护

Chapter 5 Judicial Protection

第五十条   公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院以及司法行政部门，应当依法履行职责，在司法活动中保护未成年人的合法权益。

Article 50 Public security organs, people's procuratorates, people's courts and judicial administrative departments shall perform their functions and responsibilities according to law, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors in judicial activities.

第五十一条   未成年人的合法权益受到侵害，依法向人民法院提起诉讼的，人民法院应当依法及时审理，并适应未成年人生理、心理特点和健康成长的需要，保障未成年人的合法权益。

Article 51 Where a minor brings a lawsuit to a people's court according to law when his/her legitimate rights and interests are infringed, the people's court shall hear the case timely according to law, and shall, by adapting to the minor's physiological and psychological features and the needs in his/her healthy growth, safeguard the minor's legitimate rights and interests.

在司法活动中对需要法律援助或者司法救助的未成年人，法律援助机构或者人民法院应当给予帮助，依法为其提供法律援助或者司法救助。

For the minors who need legal aid or judicial relief in judicial activities, the legal aid institutions or the people's courts shall assist them in this regard, and provide them with legal aid or judicial relief in accordance with the law.

第五十二条   人民法院审理继承案件，应当依法保护未成年人的继承权和受遗赠权。

Article 52 The people's courts shall, in handling cases concerning inheritance, protect the minors' right of inheritance and right to receive bequests according to law.

人民法院审理离婚案件，涉及未成年子女抚养问题的，应当听取有表达意愿能力的未成年子女的意见，根据保障子女权益的原则和双方具体情况依法处理。

In hearing a case of divorce, if a dispute arises between the two parties over the custody of a minor child, the people's court concerned shall listen to the opinions of the minor child if he/she is capable of expressing his/her will, and deal with the matter under the principle of safeguarding the rights and interests of the child and in light of the specific conditions of both parties.

第五十三条   父母或者其他监护人不履行监护职责或者侵害被监护的未成年人的合法权益，经教育不改的，人民法院可以根据有关人员或者有关单位的申请，撤销其监护人的资格，依法另行指定监护人。被撤销监护资格的父母应当依法继续负担抚养费用。

Article 53 Where a minor's parents or other guardians fail to perform their guardianship duties or infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the minor under their guardianship, and fail to make a correction after being educated, the people's court concerned may, upon application by the person or unit concerned, disqualify them from guardianship and designate another guardian according to law. The parents who have been disqualified from guardianship shall continue to bear the fosterage expenses according to law.

第五十四条   对违法犯罪的未成年人，实行教育、感化、挽救的方针，坚持教育为主、惩罚为辅的原则。

Article 54. In respect of delinquent minors, the policy of education, persuasion and redemption shall be implemented and the principle of taking education as the main method and punishment as the subsidiary shall be upheld.

对违法犯罪的未成年人，应当依法从轻、减轻或者免除处罚。

The minors who have the broken law or have committed crimes shall be given lighter or mitigated penalties or be exempted from penalties according to law.

第五十五条   公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院办理未成年人犯罪案件和涉及未成年人权益保护案件，应当照顾未成年人身心发展特点，尊重他们的人格尊严，保障他们的合法权益，并根据需要设立专门机构或者指定专人办理。

Article 55 Public security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts shall, in dealing with cases involving crimes committed by minors and cases involving the protection of the rights and interests of minors, take their physical and mental features into consideration, respect their personality and dignity, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, and may, when necessary, set up special organs or designate special persons to handle such cases.

第五十六条   讯问、审判未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，询问未成年证人、被害人，应当依照刑事诉讼法的规定通知其法定代理人或者其他人员到场。

Article 56 When minor criminal suspects or minor accused persons are interrogated or tried, or minor witness or victims are examined, their legal representatives or other persons shall be informed to be present in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedures Law.

公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院办理未成年人遭受性侵害的刑事案件，应当保护被害人的名誉。

Public security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts shall protect the reputation of the victims when they handle criminal cases on sexual assaults against minors.

第五十七条   对羁押、服刑的未成年人，应当与成年人分别关押。

Article 57 The minors who are under custody or are serving a sentence shall be locked up separately from adults.

羁押、服刑的未成年人没有完成义务教育的，应当对其进行义务教育。

Where the minors who are under custody or are serving a sentence have not completed compulsory education, compulsory education shall be offered to them.

解除羁押、服刑期满的未成年人的复学、升学、就业不受歧视。

Minors released from detention or having completed service of sentences shall not be discriminated when they resume schooling, receive higher education or seek employment.

第五十八条   对未成年人犯罪案件，新闻报道、影视节目、公开出版物、网络等不得披露该未成年人的姓名、住所、照片、图像以及可能推断出该未成年人的资料。

Article 58 With regard to a case on a crime committed by a minor, the news report, film or television program, public publication, or website, etc. shall not disclose the minor's name, domicile, photos, images, or other materials from which the minor might be deduced.

第五十九条   对未成年人严重不良行为的矫治与犯罪行为的预防，依照预防未成年人犯罪法的规定执行。

Article 59 The correction and cure of serious juvenile misbehaviors and the prevention of juvenile delinquency shall comply with the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency.

第六章 法律责任

Chapter 6 Legal Liabilities

第六十条   违反本法规定，侵害未成年人的合法权益，其他法律、法规已规定行政处罚的，从其规定；造成人身财产损失或者其他损害的，依法承担民事责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 60 Where anyone, in violation of the provisions of this Law, encroaches upon the lawful rights and interests of minors, if other laws and regulations have provided administrative penalties, such provisions shall prevail; if such encroachment has caused personal or property losses or other damages, he shall bear civil liability according to law; if the case constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.

第六十一条   国家机关及其工作人员不依法履行保护未成年人合法权益的责任，或者侵害未成年人合法权益，或者对提出申诉、控告、检举的人进行打击报复的，由其所在单位或者上级机关责令改正，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予行政处分。

Article 61 Where a state organ or any of its staff members fails to perform its/his/her duties of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of minors according to law, injures the legitimate rights and interests of minors, or retaliates against those who make complaints, charges or tip-offs, it/he/she shall be ordered by the state organ or the superior organ to make a correction, while the directly liable person-in-charge and other directly liable persons shall be given administrative sanctions according to law.

第六十二条   父母或者其他监护人不依法履行监护职责，或者侵害未成年人合法权益的，由其所在单位或者居民委员会、村民委员会予以劝诫、制止；构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予行政处罚。

Article 62 Where a minor's parent or any other guardian fails to perform his/her guardianship duties according to law, or infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of the minor, the said parent or guardian shall be exhorted to perform the duties or be stopped from doing so by his/her employer, the residents' committee or the villagers' committee concerned; if his/her acts constitute a violation of the public security administration regulations, he/she shall be given administrative penalties by the public security organ according to law.

第六十三条   学校、幼儿园、托儿所侵害未成年人合法权益的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关部门责令改正；情节严重的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。

Article 63 Where a school, kindergarten or nursery infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of any minor, it shall be ordered by the education administrative department or other relevant departments to make a correction; if the circumstance is serious, the person directly in charge and other persons directly liable shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.

学校、幼儿园、托儿所教职员工对未成年人实施体罚、变相体罚或者其他侮辱人格行为的，由其所在单位或者上级机关责令改正；情节严重的，依法给予处分。

Where any of the teaching or administrative staff members in a school, kindergarten or nursery imposes any corporal punishment either directly or in disguised forms upon any minor or otherwise insults personality to minors, he/she shall be ordered by the entity where he/she works or the superior organ to make a correction; if the circumstance is serious, he/she shall be given sanctions according to law.

第六十四条   制作或者向未成年人出售、出租或者以其他方式传播淫秽、暴力、凶杀、恐怖、赌博等图书、报刊、音像制品、电子出版物以及网络信息等的，由主管部门责令改正，依法给予行政处罚。

Article 64 Whoever makes or sells, leases or disseminates by any other means to minors books, newspapers, magazines, audio and video products, electronic publications or network information, etc. of pornography, violence, homicide, terror or gambling, etc. shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and be imposed administrative penalties according to law.

第六十五条   生产、销售用于未成年人的食品、药品、玩具、用具和游乐设施不符合国家标准或者行业标准，或者没有在显著位置标明注意事项的，由主管部门责令改正，依法给予行政处罚。

Article 65 Whoever produces or sells food, drugs, toys, utensils or amusement facilities, etc. for minors, which fail to meet the national standards or industrial standards or fail to indicate the points for attention at an eye-catching position, shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and be imposed administrative penalties according to law.

第六十六条   在中小学校园周边设置营业性歌舞娱乐场所、互联网上网服务营业场所等不适宜未成年人活动的场所的，由主管部门予以关闭，依法给予行政处罚。

Article 66 Where anyone establishes a site unsuitable for minors' activities such as a commercial singing and dancing recreation site or an internet access service business site nearby an elementary or high school, such a site shall be closed up by the competent department, and he/she shall be imposed administrative penalties according to law.

营业性歌舞娱乐场所、互联网上网服务营业场所等不适宜未成年人活动的场所允许未成年人进入，或者没有在显著位置设置未成年人禁入标志的，由主管部门责令改正，依法给予行政处罚。

Where a place unsuitable for minors to participate in the activities such as a commercial singing and dancing recreation site or internet access service business site permits minors to enter, or does not set up a sign prohibiting minors' entry at an eye-catching position, it shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and shall be given administrative penalties according to law.

第六十七条   向未成年人出售烟酒，或者没有在显著位置设置不向未成年人出售烟酒标志的，由主管部门责令改正，依法给予行政处罚。

Article 67 Whoever sells cigarettes or alcohol to minors or fails to install a sign of not selling cigarettes or alcohol to minors at an eye-catching position shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and be imposed administrative penalties according to law.

第六十八条   非法招用未满十六周岁的未成年人，或者招用已满十六周岁的未成年人从事过重、有毒、有害等危害未成年人身心健康的劳动或者危险作业的，由劳动保障部门责令改正，处以罚款；情节严重的，由工商行政管理部门吊销营业执照。

Article 68 Whoever illegally hires any minor who has not reached the age of sixteen, or hires any minor above the age of sixteen and assigns to him any work or dangerous operation endangering the physical and mental health of minors, which are over-strenuous, poisonous or harmful, shall be ordered by the relevant labor and social security department to make a correction, and be given a fine; if the circumstance is serious, its business license shall be revoked by the relevant administrative department for industry and commerce.

第六十九条   侵犯未成年人隐私，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予行政处罚。

Article 69 Where anyone infringes upon a minor's privacy, and his/her acts constitute a violation of public security administration, he/she shall be given administrative penalties by the public security organ according to law.

第七十条   未成年人救助机构、儿童福利机构及其工作人员不依法履行对未成年人的救助保护职责，或者虐待、歧视未成年人，或者在办理收留抚养工作中牟取利益的，由主管部门责令改正，依法给予行政处分。

Article 70 Where a minor assistance institution, a children welfare institution or any of its staff members fails to perform the assistance and protection duties to minors according to law, or maltreats or discriminates against minors, or seeks benefits in handling the custody and rearing work, it/he shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and be given administrative sanctions according to law.

第七十一条   胁迫、诱骗、利用未成年人乞讨或者组织未成年人进行有害其身心健康的表演等活动的，由公安机关依法给予行政处罚。

Article 71 Whoever coerces, entices or makes use of minors to go begging, or organizes minors to carry out performances or other activities that are harmful to their physical or mental health shall be imposed administrative penalties by the public security organ according to law.

第七章 附则

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第七十二条   本法自2007年6月1日起施行。

Article 72 This Law shall go into effect as of June 1, 2007.