法律文本

中華人民共和國未成年人保護法（2012修正）

Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors (Revised in 2012)

（1991年9月4日第七屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十一次會議通過 1991年9月4日中華人民共和國主席令第50號公布 2006年12月29日第十屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十五次會議第一次修訂通過 2006年12月29日中華人民共和國主席令第60號公布 根據2012年10月26日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十九次會議通過 2012年10月26日中華人民共和國主席令第65號公布 自2013年1月1日起施行的《全國人民代表大會常務委員會關於修改〈中華人民共和國未成年人保護法〉的決定》第二次修正）

(Adopted at the 21st Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on September 4, 1991 and promulgated under the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No.50 on September 4, 1991; amended for the first time at the 25th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on December 29, 2006 and promulgated under the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No.60 on December 29, 2006; and amended for the second time according to the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the Revision of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors adopted at the 29th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on October 26, 2012 and promulgated under the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No.65 on October 26, 2012, with effect as of January 1, 2013)

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了保護未成年人的身心健康，保障未成年人的合法權益，促進未成年人在品德、智力、體質等方面全面發展，培養有理想、有道德、有文化、有紀律的社會主義建設者和接班人，根據憲法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purpose of protecting the physical and mental health of minors, safeguarding their lawful rights and interests, promoting their all-round development morally, intellectually and physically, and training them into builders of and successors to the socialist cause with lofty ideals, sound morality, good education and a good sense of discipline.

第二條   本法所稱未成年人是指未滿十八周歲的公民。

Article 2 Minors as used in this Law refer to citizens under the age of eighteen.

第三條   未成年人享有生存權、發展權、受保護權、參與權等權利，國家根據未成年人身心發展特點給予特殊、優先保護，保障未成年人的合法權益不受侵犯。

Article 3 Minors enjoy the right to life, the right to development, the right to being protected and the right to participation. The state shall, according to minors' physical and mental development features, provide particular and preferential protection, and safeguard minors' legitimate rights and interests from being injured.

未成年人享有受教育權，國家、社會、學校和家庭尊重和保障未成年人的受教育權。

The state, the society, schools and families shall respect and guarantee minors' right to receive education.

未成年人不分性別、民族、種族、家庭財產狀況、宗教信仰等，依法平等地享有權利。

Minors equally enjoy rights under the law regardless of their gender, ethnicity, race, family property status and religious belief, etc.

第四條   國家、社會、學校和家庭對未成年人進行理想教育、道德教育、文化教育、紀律和法制教育，進行愛國主義、集體主義和社會主義的教育，提倡愛祖國、愛人民、愛勞動、愛科學、愛社會主義的公德，反對資本主義的、封建主義的和其他的腐朽思想的侵蝕。

Article 4 The State, society, schools and families shall educate minors in ideals, morality, culture, discipline and legal system as well as in patriotism, collectivism and socialism, foster among them the social ethics of loving the motherland, the people, labour, science and socialism, and fight against the corrosive influences of bourgeois, feudal and other decadent ideologies.

第五條   保護未成年人的工作，應當遵循下列原則：

Article 5 The protection of minors shall follow the following principles:

（一）尊重未成年人的人格尊嚴；

1. Respecting the personality and dignity of minors;

（二）適應未成年人身心發展的規律和特點；

2. Fitting in with the law and features of minors' physical and mental development; and

（三）教育與保護相結合。

(III) Combining education with protection.

第六條   保護未成年人，是國家機關、武裝力量、政黨、社會團體、企業事業組織、城鄉基層群眾性自治組織、未成年人的監護人和其他成年公民的共同責任。

Article 6 To protect minors is the common responsibility of state organs, armed forces, political parties, social organizations, enterprises, public institutions, self-governing mass organizations at grass-root levels in urban and rural areas, guardians of minors, and other adult citizens.

對侵犯未成年人合法權益的行為，任何組織和個人都有權予以勸阻、制止或者向有關部門提出檢舉或者控告。

Any organization or individual shall have the right to dissuade or stop any act encroaching upon the lawful rights and interests of minors, or report to or complain before a department concerned thereagainst.

國家、社會、學校和家庭應當教育和幫助未成年人維護自己的合法權益，增強自我保護的意識和能力，增強社會責任感。

The state, society, schools and families shall educate and help minors to safeguard their lawful rights and interests, to enhance their consciousness and capacities of protecting themselves, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility.

第七條   中央和地方各級國家機關應當在各自的職責範圍內做好未成年人保護工作。

Article 7 State organs at the central and local levels shall, within the scope of their functions and responsibilities, ensure the protection of minors.

國務院和地方各級人民政府領導有關部門做好未成年人保護工作；將未成年人保護工作納入國民經濟和社會發展規劃以及年度計劃，相關經費納入本級政府預算。

The State Council and the local people's governments at all levels shall lead the relevant departments in properly protecting minors; incorporate the protection of minors into the national economic and social development planning and their annual plans, and incorporate the relevant expenses into the budget of the governments at their respective levels.

國務院和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府采取組織措施，協調有關部門做好未成年人保護工作。具體機構由國務院和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府規定。

The State Council and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall take organizational measures to coordinate the relevant departments in properly protecting minors. The specific organs shall be designated by the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

第八條   共產主義青年團、婦女聯合會、工會、青年聯合會、學生聯合會、少年先鋒隊以及其他有關社會團體，協助各級人民政府做好未成年人保護工作，維護未成年人的合法權益。

Article 8 The Communist Youth League organs, women's federations, trade unions, youth federations, students' federations, young pioneers' organizations and other social organizations shall assist the people's governments at various levels in ensuring the protection of minors and safeguarding their lawful rights and interests.

第九條   各級人民政府和有關部門對保護未成年人有顯著成績的組織和個人，給予表彰和獎勵。

Article 9 The people's governments at all levels and the departments concerned shall commend and award the organizations and individuals that have made remarkable achievements in the protection of minors.

第二章 家庭保護

Chapter 2 Protection by the Family

第十條   父母或者其他監護人應當創造良好、和睦的家庭環境，依法履行對未成年人的監護職責和撫養義務。

Article 10 Parents or other guardians shall create a good and harmonious family environment, as well as fulfill their guardianship duties and fostering obligations to minors according to law.

禁止對未成年人實施家庭暴力，禁止虐待、遺棄未成年人，禁止溺嬰和其他殘害嬰兒的行為，不得歧視女性未成年人或者有殘疾的未成年人。

It is prohibited to commit family violence against minors, or to maltreat or forsake minors. It is also prohibited to infanticide or otherwise cruelly kill infants. No one may discriminate against female or handicapped minors.

第十一條   父母或者其他監護人應當關注未成年人的生理、心理狀況和行為習慣，以健康的思想、良好的品行和適當的方法教育和影響未成年人，引導未成年人進行有益身心健康的活動，預防和制止未成年人吸煙、酗酒、流浪、沉迷網絡以及賭博、吸毒、賣淫等行為。

Article 11 Parents or other guardians shall pay attention to minors' physiological and psychological conditions as well as their behavioral habits, cultivate and influence minors in respect of healthy ideology, good morality and proper methods, guide minors to carry out activities that are conducive to their physical and mental health, prevent and stop minors from smoking, excessively drinking, living a vagrant life, being indulgent with network, gambling, taking drugs, or prostitution, etc.

第十二條   父母或者其他監護人應當學習家庭教育知識，正確履行監護職責，撫養教育未成年人。

Article 12 Parents or other guardians shall be equipped with family education knowledge, correctly perform guardianship duties, foster and educate minors.

有關國家機關和社會組織應當為未成年人的父母或者其他監護人提供家庭教育指導。

The relevant State organs and social organizations shall provide minors' parents or other guardians with guidance on family education.

第十三條   父母或者其他監護人應當尊重未成年人受教育的權利，必須使適齡未成年人依法入學接受並完成義務教育，不得使接受義務教育的未成年人辍學。

Article 13 The parents or other guardians of minors shall respect the minors' right to receive education, must ensure the minors of school age to go to school to receive and complete compulsory education according to law, and shall not discontinue the schooling of the minors who shall receive compulsory education at school.

第十四條   父母或者其他監護人應當根據未成年人的年齡和智力發展狀況，在作出與未成年人權益有關的決定時告知其本人，並聽取他們的意見。

Article 14 When making a decision in relation to a minor's rights and interests, the minor's parents or other guardians shall take into account the minor's age and intellectual development status, notify the minor himself/herself and listen to the minor's opinions.

第十五條   父母或者其他監護人不得允許或者迫使未成年人結婚，不得為未成年人訂立婚約。

Article 15 The parents or other guardians of minors may not permit or force the minors to marry, nor may they undertake an engagement for the minors.

第十六條   父母因外出務工或者其他原因不能履行對未成年人監護職責的，應當委托有監護能力的其他成年人代為監護。

Article 16 Where parents are unable to perform their guardianship duties to minors because of leaving their hometown to work or other reasons, they shall entrust adults with the capacity of guardianship to guard the minors on their behalf.

第三章 學校保護

Chapter 3 Protection by the School

第十七條   學校應當全面貫徹國家的教育方針，實施素質教育，提高教育質量，注重培養未成年學生獨立思考能力、創新能力和實踐能力，促進未成年學生全面發展。

Article 17 Schools shall implement the state's guideline for education in an all-round way, practice quality-oriented education, improve the quality of education, pay attention to cultivating minor students' independent thinking capacity, innovation capacity and practice capacity, and promote minor students to develop in an all-round way.

第十八條   學校應當尊重未成年學生受教育的權利，關心、愛護學生，對品行有缺點、學習有困難的學生，應當耐心教育、幫助，不得歧視，不得違反法律和國家規定開除未成年學生。

Article 18 Schools shall respect minor students' right to receive education, show concern for and take good care of the students; for the students who have shortcomings in conduct or difficulties in study, the school shall provide patient education and help, and may not discriminate against them or expel any minor student in violation of the law or regulations of the state.

第十九條   學校應當根據未成年學生身心發展的特點，對他們進行社會生活指導、心理健康輔導和青春期教育。

Article 19 Schools shall, according to the physical and mental development features of minor students, provide minors with social life guidance, psychological health tutorship and adolescence education.

第二十條   學校應當與未成年學生的父母或者其他監護人互相配合，保證未成年學生的睡眠、娛樂和體育鍛煉時間，不得加重其學習負擔。

Article 20 Schools shall cooperate with the parents or other guardians of minor students in ensuring minor students' time for sleep, recreation and physical trainings, and shall not aggravate their burdens of study.

第二十一條   學校、幼兒園、托兒所的教職員工應當尊重未成年人的人格尊嚴，不得對未成年人實施體罰、變相體罰或者其他侮辱人格尊嚴的行為。

Article 21 The teaching and administrative staff of schools, kindergartens and nurseries shall respect the personality and dignity of minors, and may not commit corporal punishment directly or in disguised forms against minors, or commit any other act that humiliates the personality and dignity of minors.

第二十二條   學校、幼兒園、托兒所應當建立安全制度，加強對未成年人的安全教育，采取措施保障未成年人的人身安全。

Article 22 Schools, kindergartens and nurseries shall establish a safety system, strengthen the safety education for minors, and take measures to guarantee the personal safety of minors.

學校、幼兒園、托兒所不得在危及未成年人人身安全、健康的校舍和其他設施、場所中進行教育教學活動。

Schools, kindergartens and nurseries may not carry out education and teaching activities in school buildings and other facilities or places that endanger the personal safety or health of minors.

學校、幼兒園安排未成年人參加集會、文化娛樂、社會實踐等集體活動，應當有利於未成年人的健康成長，防止發生人身安全事故。

Collective activities organized by schools or kindergartens for minors, such as taking part in gatherings, recreational activities and social practices, shall be conducive to the healthy growth of minors; and accidents endangering personal safety shall be prevented.

第二十三條   教育行政等部門和學校、幼兒園、托兒所應當根據需要，制定應對各種災害、傳染性疾病、食物中毒、意外傷害等突發事件的預案，配備相應設施並進行必要的演練，增強未成年人的自我保護意識和能力。

Article 23. The education administrative authority and other authorities as well as schools, kindergartens and nurseries shall formulate contingency plans for response to various emergencies such as disasters, infectious diseases, food poisoning, accidental injuries, etc, be equipped with the corresponding facilities and carry out the requisite drills and strengthen the awareness and capability of self-protection of minors.

第二十四條   學校對未成年學生在校內或者本校組織的校外活動中發生人身傷害事故的，應當及時救護，妥善處理，並及時向有關主管部門報告。

Article 24 A school shall, when a personal injury accident occurs in an activity of minor students either within the school or in such an activity organized by the school outside, timely rescue the injured, make appropriate treatment, and timely report it to the relevant competent department.

第二十五條   對於在學校接受教育的有嚴重不良行為的未成年學生，學校和父母或者其他監護人應當互相配合加以管教；無力管教或者管教無效的，可以按照有關規定將其送專門學校繼續接受教育。

Article 25 Schools and the parents or other guardians shall cooperate with each other to control and educate the minor students who receive education in schools but have committed serious misbehaviors; if they are unable to control and educate such minor students or their control and education fail to be effective, they may send such minor students to special schools according to relevant provisions for continuing their education.

依法設置專門學校的地方人民政府應當保障專門學校的辦學條件，教育行政部門應當加強對專門學校的管理和指導，有關部門應當給予協助和配合。

A local people's government that establishes special schools according to law shall guarantee the conditions for running the special schools. The education administrative department shall strengthen the administration and guidance of the special schools, and the relevant departments shall provide assistance and cooperation.

專門學校應當對在校就讀的未成年學生進行思想教育、文化教育、紀律和法制教育、勞動技術教育和職業教育。

A special school shall offer ideological, cultural, disciplinary, legal, labor skill, and vocational education for the minor students who study in the school.

專門學校的教職員工應當關心、愛護、尊重學生，不得歧視、厭棄。

The teaching and administrative staff of special schools shall show concern for, take good care of and respect students, instead of discriminating against, detesting or rejecting them.

第二十六條   幼兒園應當做好保育、教育工作，促進幼兒在體質、智力、品德等方面和諧發展。

Article 26 Kindergartens shall do a good job in nursing care and education so as to promote the harmonious development of children in physique, intellectual ability and moral values.

第四章 社會保護

Chapter 4 Protection by the Society

第二十七條   全社會應當樹立尊重、保護、教育未成年人的良好風尚，關心、愛護未成年人。

Article 27 The whole society shall establish a good atmosphere of respecting, protecting and educating minors, take care of and cherish minors.

國家鼓勵社會團體、企業事業組織以及其他組織和個人，開展多種形式的有利於未成年人健康成長的社會活動。

The State shall encourage social organizations, enterprises, institutions and other organizations and individuals to hold various forms of social activities that are conducive to the healthy growth of minors.

第二十八條   各級人民政府應當保障未成年人受教育的權利，並采取措施保障家庭經濟困難的、殘疾的和流動人口中的未成年人等接受義務教育。

Article 28 The people's governments at all levels shall guarantee minors' right to receive education, and take measures to guarantee the minors whose families have economic difficulties or who are disabled and the minors among floating population to receive compulsory education.

第二十九條   各級人民政府應當建立和改善適合未成年人文化生活需要的活動場所和設施，鼓勵社會力量興辦適合未成年人的活動場所，並加強管理。

Article 29 The people's governments at all levels shall establish and improve activity sites and facilities meeting the needs in minors' cultural lives, encourage private sectors to establish activity sites suitable for minors, and strengthen the administration.

第三十條   愛國主義教育基地、圖書館、青少年宮、兒童活動中心應當對未成年人免費開放；博物館、紀念館、科技館、展覽館、美術館、文化館以及影劇院、體育場館、動物園、公園等場所，應當按照有關規定對未成年人免費或者優惠開放。

Article 30 Patriotism education bases, libraries, youth and children's palaces and children's activity centers shall be open to minors free of charge. Museums, memorial halls, scientific and technological centers, exhibition centers, art galleries, cultural centers, cinemas, theatres, stadiums, gymnasiums, zoos, parks and other similar sites shall be open to minors free of charge or at preferential fee rates according to relevant provisions.

第三十一條   縣級以上人民政府及其教育行政部門應當采取措施，鼓勵和支持中小學校在節假日期間將文化體育設施對未成年人免費或者優惠開放。

Article 31 The people's governments at and above the county level and their education administrative departments shall take measures to encourage and support middle and primary schools to open cultural and sports facilities to minors free of charge or at preferential fee rates during holidays.

社區中的公益性互聯網上網服務設施，應當對未成年人免費或者優惠開放，為未成年人提供安全、健康的上網服務。

The public welfare internet service facilities in residential areas shall be open to minors free of charge or at preferential fee rates, and shall provide minors with safe and healthy internet services.

第三十二條   國家鼓勵新聞、出版、信息產業、廣播、電影、電視、文藝等單位和作家、藝術家、科學家以及其他公民，創作或者提供有利於未成年人健康成長的作品。出版、制作和傳播專門以未成年人為對象的內容健康的圖書、報刊、音像制品、電子出版物以及網絡信息等，國家給予扶持。

Article 32 The state encourages entities of press, publication, information industry, broadcasting, film and television, art and literature, as well as writers, artists, scientists and other citizens to create or provide works conducive to the healthy growth of minors. The state shall render support for the publishing, production and dissemination of healthy books, newspapers, magazines, audio and video products, electronic publications, and network information, etc. which specially aim at minors.

國家鼓勵科研機構和科技團體對未成年人開展科學知識普及活動。

The State shall encourage scientific research institutions and scientific and technological organizations to carry out scientific knowledge dissemination activities targeted at minors.

第三十三條   國家采取措施，預防未成年人沉迷網絡。

Article 33 The state shall take measures to prevent minors from becoming addicted to the internet.

國家鼓勵研究開發有利於未成年人健康成長的網絡產品，推廣用於阻止未成年人沉迷網絡的新技術。

The state encourages the research and development network products conducive to the healthy growth of minors, as well as the promotion of new technologies used for preventing minors from becoming addicted to the network.

第三十四條   禁止任何組織、個人制作或者向未成年人出售、出租或者以其他方式傳播淫穢、暴力、凶殺、恐怖、賭博等毒害未成年人的圖書、報刊、音像制品、電子出版物以及網絡信息等。

Article 34 Any organization or individual is prohibited from selling, leasing, or disseminating by any other means to minors the books, newspapers, magazines, audio and video products, electronic publications, or network information, etc. of pornography, violence, homicide, terror or gambling, etc. that are harmful to minors.

第三十五條   生產、銷售用於未成年人的食品、藥品、玩具、用具和遊樂設施等，應當符合國家標準或者行業標準，不得有害於未成年人的安全和健康；需要標明注意事項的，應當在顯著位置標明。

Article 35 The food, drugs, toys, utensils and amusement facilities, etc. produced for and sold to minors shall meet the national standards or industrial standards, and may not be harmful to the safety or health of minors. Any necessary precautions shall be indicated at an eye-catching position.

第三十六條   中小學校園周邊不得設置營業性歌舞娛樂場所、互聯網上網服務營業場所等不適宜未成年人活動的場所。

Article 36 No site unsuitable for minors, such as commercial singing and dancing recreation site or internet access service business site, etc. may be established nearby elementary or high schools.

營業性歌舞娛樂場所、互聯網上網服務營業場所等不適宜未成年人活動的場所，不得允許未成年人進入，經營者應當在顯著位置設置未成年人禁入標志；對難以判明是否已成年的，應當要求其出示身份證件。

No site unsuitable for minors to carry out activities, such as commercial singing and dancing recreation site or internet access service business site, etc. may allow minors to enter. The business operator shall set up a sign prohibiting minors' entry at an eye-catching position; or shall, if it is hard to determine whether the customer is an adult, require him/her to show his/her identity certificate.

第三十七條   禁止向未成年人出售煙酒，經營者應當在顯著位置設置不向未成年人出售煙酒的標志；對難以判明是否已成年的，應當要求其出示身份證件。

Article 37 It is prohibited to sell cigarettes or alcohol to minors, and the business operator shall set up a sign of not selling cigarettes or alcohol to minors at an eye-catching position; or shall, if it is difficult to determine whether the customer is an adult, require him/her to show his/her identity certificate.

任何人不得在中小學校、幼兒園、托兒所的教室、寢室、活動室和其他未成年人集中活動的場所吸煙、飲酒。

No person may smoke or drink alcohol in the classrooms, dormitories, recreational rooms and other places where minors gather for activities in primary and secondary schools, kindergartens and nurseries.

第三十八條   任何組織或者個人不得招用未滿十六周歲的未成年人，國家另有規定的除外。

Article 38 No organization or individual may hire any minor under the age of sixteen, except as otherwise provided by the State.

任何組織或者個人按照國家有關規定招用已滿十六周歲未滿十八周歲的未成年人的，應當執行國家在工種、勞動時間、勞動強度和保護措施等方面的規定，不得安排其從事過重、有毒、有害等危害未成年人身心健康的勞動或者危險作業。

Any organization or individual that recruits minors over the age of sixteen but under the age of eighteen according to relevant provisions of the state shall implement relevant provisions of the state in respect of the types of jobs, working hours, intensity of work and protective measures, etc., and may not assign to them any job or dangerous operation endangering the physical and mental health of minors, which are over-strenuous, poisonous or harmful, etc.

第三十九條   任何組織或者個人不得披露未成年人的個人隱私。

Article 39 No organization or individual may disclose the personal secrets of minors.

對未成年人的信件、日記、電子郵件，任何組織或者個人不得隱匿、毀棄；除因追查犯罪的需要，由公安機關或者人民檢察院依法進行檢查，或者對無行為能力的未成年人的信件、日記、電子郵件由其父母或者其他監護人代為開拆、查閱外，任何組織或者個人不得開拆、查閱。

No organization or individual may conceal, destroy or discard the mail, diary or e-mail of any minor, and no organization or individual may open or consult it unless so required for the investigation of a crime, in which case, the public security organ or the people's procuratorate may make an inspection, or the parents or other guardians may open and consult the mail diary or e-mail of any minor without capacity of conduct on his or her behalf.

第四十條   學校、幼兒園、托兒所和公共場所發生突發事件時，應當優先救護未成年人。

Article 40 When a school, kindergarten, nursery or public place meets with an emergency, minors shall be rescued in priority.

第四十一條   禁止拐賣、綁架、虐待未成年人，禁止對未成年人實施性侵害。

Article 41 It is prohibited to abduct, kidnap or maltreat minors, or to commit sexual assault against minors.

禁止脅迫、誘騙、利用未成年人乞討或者組織未成年人進行有害其身心健康的表演等活動。

It is prohibited to coerce, inveigle or use minors for begging or to organize minors to carry out performances or other activities that are harmful to their physical or mental health.

第四十二條   公安機關應當采取有力措施，依法維護校園周邊的治安和交通秩序，預防和制止侵害未成年人合法權益的違法犯罪行為。

Article 42 Public security organs shall take effective measures to maintain the public security and traffic order around schools according to law, as well as prevent and stop illegal or criminal acts which injure the legitimate rights and interests of minors.

任何組織或者個人不得擾亂教學秩序，不得侵占、破壞學校、幼兒園、托兒所的場地、房屋和設施。

No organization or individual may disturb the teaching order, or encroach upon or destroy the sites, houses or facilities of any school, kindergarten or nursery.

第四十三條   縣級以上人民政府及其民政部門應當根據需要設立救助場所，對流浪乞討等生活無著未成年人實施救助，承擔臨時監護責任；公安部門或者其他有關部門應當護送流浪乞討或者離家出走的未成年人到救助場所，由救助場所予以救助和妥善照顧，並及時通知其父母或者其他監護人領回。

Article 43 The people's governments at or above the county level and the civil affairs departments shall, when necessary, establish relief sites to relieve the minors who live a vagrant life and go begging without living sources, and assume temporary guardianship duties; the public security departments or other relevant departments shall escort the minors who live a vagrant life and go begging or flee from their homes to the relief sites, and the relief sites shall relieve and take appropriate care of them, and timely notify their parents or other guardians to bring them back.

對孤兒、無法查明其父母或者其他監護人的以及其他生活無著的未成年人，由民政部門設立的兒童福利機構收留撫養。

For orphans, the minors whose parents or other guardians cannot be found out, and other minors having no living sources, the welfare organizations for children established by the civil affairs departments shall take them in and raise them.

未成年人救助機構、兒童福利機構及其工作人員應當依法履行職責，不得虐待、歧視未成年人；不得在辦理收留撫養工作中牟取利益。

Minor relief institutions, children welfare institutions and their staff shall perform their duties according to law, and shall not maltreat or discriminate against minors; nor may they seek benefits in the work of taking minors in and raising them.

第四十四條   衛生部門和學校應當對未成年人進行衛生保健和營養指導，提供必要的衛生保健條件，做好疾病預防工作。

Article 44 Departments of public health and schools shall provide sanitary, health-care and nutrition guidance for minors, provide them with necessary sanitary and health-care conditions, and do a good job in preventing diseases.

衛生部門應當做好對兒童的預防接種工作，國家免疫規劃項目的預防接種實行免費；積極防治兒童常見病、多發病，加強對傳染病防治工作的監督管理，加強對幼兒園、托兒所衛生保健的業務指導和監督檢查。

Departments of public health shall do a good job in preventive inoculation for children, and the preventive inoculation items under state immunity planning shall be offered free of charge; departments shall also actively prevent common and frequently-occurring diseases among children, strengthen supervision and control over the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and strengthen professional guidance, supervision and inspection of sanitation and health-care work in kindergartens and nurseries.

第四十五條   地方各級人民政府應當積極發展托幼事業，辦好托兒所、幼兒園，支持社會組織和個人依法興辦哺乳室、托兒所、幼兒園。

Article 45 Local people's governments at various levels shall make efforts to develop child-care undertakings and strive to run nurseries and kindergartens well, support social organizations and individuals to establish nursing rooms, nurseries and kindergartens according to law.

各級人民政府和有關部門應當采取多種形式，培養和訓練幼兒園、托兒所的保教人員，提高其職業道德素質和業務能力。

People's governments at various levels and departments concerned shall, through various forms, foster and train child-care and teaching staff in nurseries and kindergartens, and enhance their professional ethics and competence.

第四十六條   國家依法保護未成年人的智力成果和榮譽權不受侵犯。

Article 46 The State shall protect according to law the intellectual achievements and the right of honour of minors from encroachment.

第四十七條   未成年人已經完成規定年限的義務教育不再升學的，政府有關部門和社會團體、企業事業組織應當根據實際情況，對他們進行職業教育，為他們創造勞動就業條件。

Article 47 In respect of minors who have completed the prescribed length of schooling in terms of compulsory education and will not receive education at a higher level, the relevant governmental departments, social organizations, enterprises and institutions shall, in light of the actual conditions, provide them with vocational education and create conditions for their employment.

第四十八條   居民委員會、村民委員會應當協助有關部門教育和挽救違法犯罪的未成年人，預防和制止侵害未成年人合法權益的違法犯罪行為。

Article 48 Residents' committees and villagers' committees shall assist relevant departments in educating and redeeming the delinquent minors, prevent and stop the illegal or criminal acts which injure the legitimate rights and interests of minors.

第四十九條   未成年人的合法權益受到侵害的，被侵害人及其監護人或者其他組織和個人有權向有關部門投訴，有關部門應當依法及時處理。

Article 49 Where a minor's legitimate rights and interests are infringed, he and his guardians or other organizations and individuals have the right to complain to the relevant department, and the relevant department shall timely handle the complaint according to law.

第五章 司法保護

Chapter 5 Judicial Protection

第五十條   公安機關、人民檢察院、人民法院以及司法行政部門，應當依法履行職責，在司法活動中保護未成年人的合法權益。

Article 50 Public security organs, people's procuratorates, people's courts and judicial administrative departments shall perform their functions and responsibilities according to law, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors in judicial activities.

第五十一條   未成年人的合法權益受到侵害，依法向人民法院提起訴訟的，人民法院應當依法及時審理，並適應未成年人生理、心理特點和健康成長的需要，保障未成年人的合法權益。

Article 51 Where a minor brings a lawsuit to a people's court according to law when his/her legitimate rights and interests are infringed, the people's court shall hear the case timely according to law, and shall, by adapting to the minor's physiological and psychological features and the needs in his/her healthy growth, safeguard the minor's legitimate rights and interests.

在司法活動中對需要法律援助或者司法救助的未成年人，法律援助機構或者人民法院應當給予幫助，依法為其提供法律援助或者司法救助。

For the minors who need legal aid or judicial relief in judicial activities, the legal aid institutions or the people's courts shall assist them in this regard, and provide them with legal aid or judicial relief in accordance with the law.

第五十二條   人民法院審理繼承案件，應當依法保護未成年人的繼承權和受遺贈權。

Article 52 The people's courts shall, in handling cases concerning inheritance, protect the minors' right of inheritance and right to receive bequests according to law.

人民法院審理離婚案件，涉及未成年子女撫養問題的，應當聽取有表達意願能力的未成年子女的意見，根據保障子女權益的原則和雙方具體情況依法處理。

In hearing a case of divorce, if a dispute arises between the two parties over the custody of a minor child, the people's court concerned shall listen to the opinions of the minor child if he/she is capable of expressing his/her will, and deal with the matter under the principle of safeguarding the rights and interests of the child and in light of the specific conditions of both parties.

第五十三條   父母或者其他監護人不履行監護職責或者侵害被監護的未成年人的合法權益，經教育不改的，人民法院可以根據有關人員或者有關單位的申請，撤銷其監護人的資格，依法另行指定監護人。被撤銷監護資格的父母應當依法繼續負擔撫養費用。

Article 53 Where a minor's parents or other guardians fail to perform their guardianship duties or infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the minor under their guardianship, and fail to make a correction after being educated, the people's court concerned may, upon application by the person or unit concerned, disqualify them from guardianship and designate another guardian according to law. The parents who have been disqualified from guardianship shall continue to bear the fosterage expenses according to law.

第五十四條   對違法犯罪的未成年人，實行教育、感化、挽救的方針，堅持教育為主、懲罰為輔的原則。

Article 54. In respect of delinquent minors, the policy of education, persuasion and redemption shall be implemented and the principle of taking education as the main method and punishment as the subsidiary shall be upheld.

對違法犯罪的未成年人，應當依法從輕、減輕或者免除處罰。

The minors who have the broken law or have committed crimes shall be given lighter or mitigated penalties or be exempted from penalties according to law.

第五十五條   公安機關、人民檢察院、人民法院辦理未成年人犯罪案件和涉及未成年人權益保護案件，應當照顧未成年人身心發展特點，尊重他們的人格尊嚴，保障他們的合法權益，並根據需要設立專門機構或者指定專人辦理。

Article 55 Public security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts shall, in dealing with cases involving crimes committed by minors and cases involving the protection of the rights and interests of minors, take their physical and mental features into consideration, respect their personality and dignity, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, and may, when necessary, set up special organs or designate special persons to handle such cases.

第五十六條   訊問、審判未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，詢問未成年證人、被害人，應當依照刑事訴訟法的規定通知其法定代理人或者其他人員到場。

Article 56 When minor criminal suspects or minor accused persons are interrogated or tried, or minor witness or victims are examined, their legal representatives or other persons shall be informed to be present in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedures Law.

公安機關、人民檢察院、人民法院辦理未成年人遭受性侵害的刑事案件，應當保護被害人的名譽。

Public security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts shall protect the reputation of the victims when they handle criminal cases on sexual assaults against minors.

第五十七條   對羁押、服刑的未成年人，應當與成年人分別關押。

Article 57 The minors who are under custody or are serving a sentence shall be locked up separately from adults.

羁押、服刑的未成年人沒有完成義務教育的，應當對其進行義務教育。

Where the minors who are under custody or are serving a sentence have not completed compulsory education, compulsory education shall be offered to them.

解除羁押、服刑期滿的未成年人的複學、升學、就業不受歧視。

Minors released from detention or having completed service of sentences shall not be discriminated when they resume schooling, receive higher education or seek employment.

第五十八條   對未成年人犯罪案件，新聞報道、影視節目、公開出版物、網絡等不得披露該未成年人的姓名、住所、照片、圖像以及可能推斷出該未成年人的資料。

Article 58 With regard to a case on a crime committed by a minor, the news report, film or television program, public publication, or website, etc. shall not disclose the minor's name, domicile, photos, images, or other materials from which the minor might be deduced.

第五十九條   對未成年人嚴重不良行為的矯治與犯罪行為的預防，依照預防未成年人犯罪法的規定執行。

Article 59 The correction and cure of serious juvenile misbehaviors and the prevention of juvenile delinquency shall comply with the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency.

第六章 法律責任

Chapter 6 Legal Liabilities

第六十條   違反本法規定，侵害未成年人的合法權益，其他法律、法規已規定行政處罰的，從其規定；造成人身財產損失或者其他損害的，依法承擔民事責任；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 60 Where anyone, in violation of the provisions of this Law, encroaches upon the lawful rights and interests of minors, if other laws and regulations have provided administrative penalties, such provisions shall prevail; if such encroachment has caused personal or property losses or other damages, he shall bear civil liability according to law; if the case constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law.

第六十一條   國家機關及其工作人員不依法履行保護未成年人合法權益的責任，或者侵害未成年人合法權益，或者對提出申訴、控告、檢舉的人進行打擊報複的，由其所在單位或者上級機關責令改正，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予行政處分。

Article 61 Where a state organ or any of its staff members fails to perform its/his/her duties of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of minors according to law, injures the legitimate rights and interests of minors, or retaliates against those who make complaints, charges or tip-offs, it/he/she shall be ordered by the state organ or the superior organ to make a correction, while the directly liable person-in-charge and other directly liable persons shall be given administrative sanctions according to law.

第六十二條   父母或者其他監護人不依法履行監護職責，或者侵害未成年人合法權益的，由其所在單位或者居民委員會、村民委員會予以勸誡、制止；構成違反治安管理行為的，由公安機關依法給予行政處罰。

Article 62 Where a minor's parent or any other guardian fails to perform his/her guardianship duties according to law, or infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of the minor, the said parent or guardian shall be exhorted to perform the duties or be stopped from doing so by his/her employer, the residents' committee or the villagers' committee concerned; if his/her acts constitute a violation of the public security administration regulations, he/she shall be given administrative penalties by the public security organ according to law.

第六十三條   學校、幼兒園、托兒所侵害未成年人合法權益的，由教育行政部門或者其他有關部門責令改正；情節嚴重的，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予處分。

Article 63 Where a school, kindergarten or nursery infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of any minor, it shall be ordered by the education administrative department or other relevant departments to make a correction; if the circumstance is serious, the person directly in charge and other persons directly liable shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.

學校、幼兒園、托兒所教職員工對未成年人實施體罰、變相體罰或者其他侮辱人格行為的，由其所在單位或者上級機關責令改正；情節嚴重的，依法給予處分。

Where any of the teaching or administrative staff members in a school, kindergarten or nursery imposes any corporal punishment either directly or in disguised forms upon any minor or otherwise insults personality to minors, he/she shall be ordered by the entity where he/she works or the superior organ to make a correction; if the circumstance is serious, he/she shall be given sanctions according to law.

第六十四條   制作或者向未成年人出售、出租或者以其他方式傳播淫穢、暴力、凶殺、恐怖、賭博等圖書、報刊、音像制品、電子出版物以及網絡信息等的，由主管部門責令改正，依法給予行政處罰。

Article 64 Whoever makes or sells, leases or disseminates by any other means to minors books, newspapers, magazines, audio and video products, electronic publications or network information, etc. of pornography, violence, homicide, terror or gambling, etc. shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and be imposed administrative penalties according to law.

第六十五條   生產、銷售用於未成年人的食品、藥品、玩具、用具和遊樂設施不符合國家標準或者行業標準，或者沒有在顯著位置標明注意事項的，由主管部門責令改正，依法給予行政處罰。

Article 65 Whoever produces or sells food, drugs, toys, utensils or amusement facilities, etc. for minors, which fail to meet the national standards or industrial standards or fail to indicate the points for attention at an eye-catching position, shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and be imposed administrative penalties according to law.

第六十六條   在中小學校園周邊設置營業性歌舞娛樂場所、互聯網上網服務營業場所等不適宜未成年人活動的場所的，由主管部門予以關閉，依法給予行政處罰。

Article 66 Where anyone establishes a site unsuitable for minors' activities such as a commercial singing and dancing recreation site or an internet access service business site nearby an elementary or high school, such a site shall be closed up by the competent department, and he/she shall be imposed administrative penalties according to law.

營業性歌舞娛樂場所、互聯網上網服務營業場所等不適宜未成年人活動的場所允許未成年人進入，或者沒有在顯著位置設置未成年人禁入標志的，由主管部門責令改正，依法給予行政處罰。

Where a place unsuitable for minors to participate in the activities such as a commercial singing and dancing recreation site or internet access service business site permits minors to enter, or does not set up a sign prohibiting minors' entry at an eye-catching position, it shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and shall be given administrative penalties according to law.

第六十七條   向未成年人出售煙酒，或者沒有在顯著位置設置不向未成年人出售煙酒標志的，由主管部門責令改正，依法給予行政處罰。

Article 67 Whoever sells cigarettes or alcohol to minors or fails to install a sign of not selling cigarettes or alcohol to minors at an eye-catching position shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and be imposed administrative penalties according to law.

第六十八條   非法招用未滿十六周歲的未成年人，或者招用已滿十六周歲的未成年人從事過重、有毒、有害等危害未成年人身心健康的勞動或者危險作業的，由勞動保障部門責令改正，處以罰款；情節嚴重的，由工商行政管理部門吊銷營業執照。

Article 68 Whoever illegally hires any minor who has not reached the age of sixteen, or hires any minor above the age of sixteen and assigns to him any work or dangerous operation endangering the physical and mental health of minors, which are over-strenuous, poisonous or harmful, shall be ordered by the relevant labor and social security department to make a correction, and be given a fine; if the circumstance is serious, its business license shall be revoked by the relevant administrative department for industry and commerce.

第六十九條   侵犯未成年人隱私，構成違反治安管理行為的，由公安機關依法給予行政處罰。

Article 69 Where anyone infringes upon a minor's privacy, and his/her acts constitute a violation of public security administration, he/she shall be given administrative penalties by the public security organ according to law.

第七十條   未成年人救助機構、兒童福利機構及其工作人員不依法履行對未成年人的救助保護職責，或者虐待、歧視未成年人，或者在辦理收留撫養工作中牟取利益的，由主管部門責令改正，依法給予行政處分。

Article 70 Where a minor assistance institution, a children welfare institution or any of its staff members fails to perform the assistance and protection duties to minors according to law, or maltreats or discriminates against minors, or seeks benefits in handling the custody and rearing work, it/he shall be ordered by the competent department to make a correction, and be given administrative sanctions according to law.

第七十一條   脅迫、誘騙、利用未成年人乞討或者組織未成年人進行有害其身心健康的表演等活動的，由公安機關依法給予行政處罰。

Article 71 Whoever coerces, entices or makes use of minors to go begging, or organizes minors to carry out performances or other activities that are harmful to their physical or mental health shall be imposed administrative penalties by the public security organ according to law.

第七章 附則

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第七十二條   本法自2007年6月1日起施行。

Article 72 This Law shall go into effect as of June 1, 2007.