法律文本

中华人民共和国反间谍法

Antiespionage Law of the People's Republic of China

主席令第十六号

Presidential Decree No. 16

《中华人民共和国反间谍法》已由中华人民共和国第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议于2014年11月1日通过，现予公布，自公布之日起施行。

The Counterespionage Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on November 1, 2014, is hereby promulgated for implementation as of the date of promulgation.

中华人民共和国主席 习近平

President Xi Jinping

2014年11月1日

November 1, 2014

（2014年11月1日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议通过）

(Adopted at the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on November 1, 2014)

目录

Contents

  第一章 总则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 国家安全机关在反间谍工作中的职权

Chapter 2 Authorities of National Security Organs in Counterespionage Work

  第三章 公民和组织的义务和权利

Chapter III Obligations and Rights of Citizens and Organizations

  第四章 法律责任

Chapter 4 Legal Liabilities

  第五章 附则

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 总则

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一条   为了防范、制止和惩治间谍行为，维护国家安全，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted according to the Constitution in order to prevent, stop and punish the acts of espionage, and safeguard national security.

第二条   反间谍工作坚持中央统一领导，坚持公开工作与秘密工作相结合、专门工作与群众路线相结合、积极防御、依法惩治的原则。

Article 2 Counterespionage work shall be conducted under the principles of upholding the unified leadership of the Central Government, combining open work and confidential work, combining specialized work and the mass line, and giving proactive defense and law-based punishment.

第三条   国家安全机关是反间谍工作的主管机关。

Article 3 National security organs are the authorities in charge of counterespionage work.

公安、保密行政管理等其他有关部门和军队有关部门按照职责分工，密切配合，加强协调，依法做好有关工作。

Public security, secrecy administration, and other relevant departments and relevant military departments shall, according to their respective responsibilities, closely cooperate with each other, strengthen coordination, and properly deal with relevant work in accordance with the law.

第四条   中华人民共和国公民有维护国家的安全、荣誉和利益的义务，不得有危害国家的安全、荣誉和利益的行为。

Article 4 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the duty to safeguard the security, honour and interests of the State, and must not commit any act endangering the security, honour or interests of the State.

一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各社会团体及各企业事业组织，都有防范、制止间谍行为，维护国家安全的义务。

All state organs, armed forces, political parties, social groups, enterprises and public institutions have the obligation of preventing and stopping acts of espionage and safeguarding national security.

国家安全机关在反间谍工作中必须依靠人民的支持，动员、组织人民防范、制止危害国家安全的间谍行为。

National security organs must rely on the support of the people in their counterespionage, and mobilize and organize them to prevent and stop acts of espionage that endanger national security.

第五条   反间谍工作应当依法进行，尊重和保障人权，保障公民和组织的合法权益。

Article 5 Counterespionage work shall be carried out in accordance with the law to respect and protect human rights and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and organizations.

第六条   境外机构、组织、个人实施或者指使、资助他人实施的，或者境内机构、组织、个人与境外机构、组织、个人相勾结实施的危害中华人民共和国国家安全的间谍行为，都必须受到法律追究。

Article 6 Any overseas agency, organization or individual who commits or instigates or funds others to commit an act of espionage that endangers the national security of the People's Republic of China, or any domestic agency, organization or individual who colludes with an overseas agency, organization or individual in committing such act of espionage, must be investigated for legal liability.

第七条   国家对支持、协助反间谍工作的组织和个人给予保护，对有重大贡献的给予奖励。

Article 7 The State protects organizations and individuals that provide support and assistance in counterespionage work, and rewards those who make significant contributions.

第二章 国家安全机关在反间谍工作中的职权

Chapter 2 Authorities of National Security Organs in Counterespionage Work

第八条   国家安全机关在反间谍工作中依法行使侦查、拘留、预审和执行逮捕以及法律规定的其他职权。

Article 8 In the course of counterespionage work, national security organs shall exercise their powers of investigation, detention, interrogation and arrest and other functions and powers stipulated by the law.

第九条   国家安全机关的工作人员依法执行任务时，依照规定出示相应证件，有权查验中国公民或者境外人员的身份证明，向有关组织和人员调查、询问有关情况。

Article 9 Any functionary of a State security organ, when legally performing a task, shall, as required by regulations, have the right to examine the identity certificate of any Chinese citizen or person from outside the territory and to investigate or inquire about relevant matters from any organization or individual concerned.

第十条   国家安全机关的工作人员依法执行任务时，依照规定出示相应证件，可以进入有关场所、单位；根据国家有关规定，经过批准，出示相应证件，可以进入限制进入的有关地区、场所、单位，查阅或者调取有关的档案、资料、物品。

Article 10 When legally performing a task, staff members of national security organs may enter the relevant site or entity, after presenting their credentials as legally required, or enter relevant restricted area, site or entity as approved in accordance with relevant provisions of the State, after producing their credentials, to consult or obtain relevant files, materials or items.

第十一条   国家安全机关的工作人员在依法执行紧急任务的情况下，经出示相应证件，可以优先乘坐公共交通工具，遇交通阻碍时，优先通行。

Article 11 Any functionary of a State security organ may, when carrying out an urgent task according to law, have the priority in taking means of public transport upon producing an appropriate certificate, and have the right of way in case of a traffic block.

国家安全机关因反间谍工作需要，按照国家有关规定，可以优先使用或者依法征用机关、团体、企业事业组织和个人的交通工具、通信工具、场地和建筑物，必要时，可以设置相关工作场所和设备、设施，任务完成后应当及时归还或者恢复原状，并依照规定支付相应费用；造成损失的，应当补偿。

As needed for counterespionage work, a national security organ may have priority in using or legally requisitioning the means of transport, communication tools, venues or buildings of a state organ, group, enterprise, public institution or individual in accordance with relevant provisions of the state, and may set up relevant work sites, equipment or facilities if necessary. Upon completion of an assignment, the national security organ shall immediately return or restore the property to its original condition, and pay relevant fees as required; and any losses caused thereby shall be compensated.

第十二条   国家安全机关因侦察间谍行为的需要，根据国家有关规定，经过严格的批准手续，可以采取技术侦察措施。

Article 12 As needed for reconnoitering acts of espionage, a national security organ may take technical reconnaissance measures upon strict approval formalities in accordance with relevant provisions of the State.

第十三条   国家安全机关因反间谍工作需要，可以依照规定查验有关组织和个人的电子通信工具、器材等设备、设施。查验中发现存在危害国家安全情形的，国家安全机关应当责令其整改；拒绝整改或者整改后仍不符合要求的，可以予以查封、扣押。

Article 13 As needed for counterespionage work, a national security organ may check electronic communication tools, devices and other equipment and facilities of relevant organizations and individuals in accordance with the relevant provisions. Where a circumstance of endangering national security is found during the inspection, the national security organ shall order the party concerned to make rectification; in case of refusal to make rectification or failure to meet requirements even after rectification, a measure of seal-up or seizure may be taken.

对依照前款规定查封、扣押的设备、设施，在危害国家安全的情形消除后，国家安全机关应当及时解除查封、扣押。

With regard to the equipment or facility that is sealed up or seized pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the national security organ shall terminate the seal-up or seizure in a timely manner after the circumstance of endangering national security is removed.

第十四条   国家安全机关因反间谍工作需要，根据国家有关规定，可以提请海关、边防等检查机关对有关人员和资料、器材免检。有关检查机关应当予以协助。

Article 14 As needed for counterespionage work, a national security organ may, in accordance with relevant provisions of the State, request customs, border defense and other inspection authorities to exempt the relevant persons, materials and devices from such inspection. The relevant inspecting organs shall give assistance thereto.

第十五条   国家安全机关对用于间谍行为的工具和其他财物，以及用于资助间谍行为的资金、场所、物资，经设区的市级以上国家安全机关负责人批准，可以依法查封、扣押、冻结。

Article 15 A national security organ may, as approved by the person in charge of a national security organ at or above the level of city with districts, legally seal up, seize or freeze any tools and other property used for acts of espionage, as well as the funds, sites or supplies used for funding acts of espionage.

第十六条   国家安全机关根据反间谍工作需要，可以会同有关部门制定反间谍技术防范标准，指导有关部门落实反间谍技术防范措施，对存在隐患的部门，经过严格的批准手续，可以进行反间谍技术防范检查和检测。

Article 16 As needed for counterespionage work, a national security organ may, in concert with relevant departments, formulate technical protection standards against counterespionage, and guide relevant departments to implement such measures, and may check and test departments where potential dangers exist for technical protection against counterespionage after undergoing strict approval formalities.

第十七条   国家安全机关及其工作人员在工作中，应当严格依法办事，不得超越职权、滥用职权，不得侵犯组织和个人的合法权益。

Article 17 State security organs and their functionaries, in their work, shall act in strict accordance with law, and refrain from overstepping or abusing their powers and infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of any organization or individual.

国家安全机关及其工作人员依法履行反间谍工作职责获取的组织和个人的信息、材料，只能用于反间谍工作。对属于国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私的，应当保密。

Information and materials relating to organizations and individuals that are obtained by national security organs and their functionaries in the performance of their anti-spying duties can only be used for anti-spying purposes. State secrets, commercial secrets and personal privacy shall be kept confidential.

第十八条   国家安全机关工作人员依法执行职务受法律保护。

Article 18 The performance of duty according to law by functionaries of the State security organs shall be protected by law.

第三章 公民和组织的义务和权利

Chapter III Obligations and Rights of Citizens and Organizations

第十九条   机关、团体和其他组织应当对本单位的人员进行维护国家安全的教育，动员、组织本单位的人员防范、制止间谍行为。

Article 19 State organs, groups and other organizations shall educate their employees on safeguarding national security and mobilize or organize them to prevent or stop acts of espionage.

第二十条   公民和组织应当为反间谍工作提供便利或者其他协助。

Article 20 Citizens and organizations shall facilitate or otherwise assist counterespionage work.

因协助反间谍工作，本人或者其近亲属的人身安全面临危险的，可以向国家安全机关请求予以保护。国家安全机关应当会同有关部门依法采取保护措施。

Where the personal security of a citizen or any close relative thereof is at risk due to his or her assistance in the counterespionage work, he or she may request protection from a national security organ. The State security organ shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, take protective measures in accordance with the law.

第二十一条   公民和组织发现间谍行为，应当及时向国家安全机关报告；向公安机关等其他国家机关、组织报告的，相关国家机关、组织应当立即移送国家安全机关处理。

Article 21 A citizen or organization shall report an act of espionage to a national security organ in a timely manner upon discovering such act; where such act is reported to a public security organ or any other state organ or organization, the relevant state organ or organization shall immediately refer the case to a national security organ for handling.

第二十二条   在国家安全机关调查了解有关间谍行为的情况、收集有关证据时，有关组织和个人应当如实提供，不得拒绝。

Article 22 When a national security organ investigates the information on relevant acts of espionage or collects relevant evidence, relevant organizations and individuals shall provide such information or evidence truthfully, and shall not refuse to do so.

第二十三条   任何公民和组织都应当保守所知悉的有关反间谍工作的国家秘密。

Article 23 All citizens or organizations shall guard the state secrets relating to counterespionage work known to them.

第二十四条   任何个人和组织都不得非法持有属于国家秘密的文件、资料和其他物品。

Article 24 No individual or organization may unlawfully hold any document, material or other articles classified as State secrets.

第二十五条   任何个人和组织都不得非法持有、使用间谍活动特殊需要的专用间谍器材。专用间谍器材由国务院国家安全主管部门依照国家有关规定确认。

Article 25 No individual or organization may illegally hold or use any special spy apparatus needed specially for espionage activities. Special espionage equipment shall be confirmed by the competent national security department under the State Council in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

第二十六条   任何个人和组织对国家安全机关及其工作人员超越职权、滥用职权和其他违法行为，都有权向上级国家安全机关或者有关部门检举、控告。受理检举、控告的国家安全机关或者有关部门应当及时查清事实，负责处理，并将处理结果及时告知检举人、控告人。

Article 26 Any individual or organization shall have the right to make to the State security organ at a higher level or to a relevant department exposure of or charge against the excess or abuse of power or other unlawful acts committed by a State security organ or its functionaries. The national security organ or relevant department receiving such report or accusation shall ascertain the facts in a timely manner, be responsible for handing the case, and inform the informant or accuser of the handling result in a timely manner.

对协助国家安全机关工作或者依法检举、控告的个人和组织，任何个人和组织不得压制和打击报复。

No individual or organization may suppress or retaliate against any individual or organization that has assisted a State security organ in its work or made reports or charges according to law.

第四章 法律责任

Chapter 4 Legal Liabilities

第二十七条   境外机构、组织、个人实施或者指使、资助他人实施，或者境内机构、组织、个人与境外机构、组织、个人相勾结实施间谍行为，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 27 Where an overseas agency, organization or individual conducts or instigates or funds others to conduct an act of espionage, or a domestic agency, organization or individual colludes with an overseas agency, organization or individual in conducting such act of espionage, which constitutes a crime, the criminal liability of the overseas agency, organization or individual shall be investigated in accordance with the law.

实施间谍行为，有自首或者立功表现的，可以从轻、减轻或者免除处罚；有重大立功表现的，给予奖励。

Whoever conducts an act of espionage and voluntarily surrenders himself or renders a meritorious service may be given a lighter or mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment; or be rewarded for his significant meritorious service.

第二十八条   在境外受胁迫或者受诱骗参加敌对组织、间谍组织，从事危害中华人民共和国国家安全的活动，及时向中华人民共和国驻外机构如实说明情况，或者入境后直接或者通过所在单位及时向国家安全机关、公安机关如实说明情况，并有悔改表现的，可以不予追究。

Article 28 Anyone who is compelled or induced to join a hostile organization or an espionage organization abroad to engage in any activity that endangers the national security of the People's Republic of China and truthfully reports the situation to an institution of the People's Republic of China stationed abroad in a timely manner, or after entering the country, makes truthful report to a national security organ or a public security organ directly or through his unit and shows repentance may be exempted from liability.

第二十九条   明知他人有间谍犯罪行为，在国家安全机关向其调查有关情况、收集有关证据时，拒绝提供的，由其所在单位或者上级主管部门予以处分，或者由国家安全机关处十五日以下行政拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 29 Whoever, while clearly knowing that another person has committed the crime of espionage, refuses to provide relevant particulars or relevant evidence when an officer from a State security organ asks him to do so, shall be given administrative sanctions by the entity to which he belongs or by the competent authority at a higher level, or be given administrative detention of not more than 15 days by the State security organ; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第三十条   以暴力、威胁方法阻碍国家安全机关依法执行任务的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 30 Whoever obstructs, by means of violence or threat, a State security organ from carrying out a task according to law shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

故意阻碍国家安全机关依法执行任务，未使用暴力、威胁方法，造成严重后果的，依法追究刑事责任；情节较轻的，由国家安全机关处十五日以下行政拘留。

Whoever intentionally obstructs, without using any violence or threat, a national security organ in legally performing a task which causes a serious consequence, shall be subject to criminal liability in accordance with the law. If the case is relatively minor, an administrative detention up to 15 days shall be imposed by the national security organ.

第三十一条   泄露有关反间谍工作的国家秘密的，由国家安全机关处十五日以下行政拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 31 Whoever divulges any state secret relating to counterespionage work shall be subject to an administrative detention up to 15 days imposed by a national security organ; where a crime is constituted, the criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law.

第三十二条   对非法持有属于国家秘密的文件、资料和其他物品的，以及非法持有、使用专用间谍器材的，国家安全机关可以依法对其人身、物品、住处和其他有关的地方进行搜查；对其非法持有的属于国家秘密的文件、资料和其他物品，以及非法持有、使用的专用间谍器材予以没收。非法持有属于国家秘密的文件、资料和其他物品，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，由国家安全机关予以警告或者处十五日以下行政拘留。

Article 32 A State security organ may search the body, articles, residence and other related places of anyone who unlawfully holds documents, materials or other articles classified as State secrets, or who unlawfully holds or uses equipment and materials specially for espionage purposes, and may confiscate such documents, materials and other articles, as well as such equipment and materials. Whoever illegally holds any documents, materials or other articles classified as state secrets shall, if a crime is constituted, be subject to criminal liability in accordance with the law; if no crime is constituted, the state security organ shall give him a warning or impose upon him an administrative detention of not more than 15 days.

第三十三条   隐藏、转移、变卖、损毁国家安全机关依法查封、扣押、冻结的财物的，或者明知是间谍活动的涉案财物而窝藏、转移、收购、代为销售或者以其他方法掩饰、隐瞒的，由国家安全机关追回。构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 33 Where any property that is sealed up, seized or frozen by a national security organ according to the law is concealed, transferred, sold off or damaged, or any property that is known to be involved in an espionage activity is concealed, transferred, purchased, sold on a commission basis, or otherwise covered or concealed, the national security organ shall recover it. If a crime is constituted, the criminal liability shall be investigated according to law.

第三十四条   境外人员违反本法的，可以限期离境或者驱逐出境。

Article 34 Any foreigner who violates this Law may be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limit or be deported.

第三十五条   当事人对行政处罚决定、行政强制措施决定不服的，可以自接到决定书之日起六十日内，向作出决定的上一级机关申请复议；对复议决定不服的，可以自接到复议决定书之日起十五日内向人民法院提起诉讼。

Article 35 A party that refuses to accept the decision on administrative penalty or the decision on administrative compulsory measures may, within 60 days after receipt of the written decision, apply for reconsideration to the organ at the next higher level over the one that has made the decision; if the party refuses to accept the reconsideration decision, he may, within 15 days after receipt of the reconsideration decision, bring a suit before a people's court.

第三十六条   国家安全机关对依照本法查封、扣押、冻结的财物，应当妥善保管，并按照下列情形分别处理：

Article 36 A national security organ shall properly keep any property that is sealed up, seized or frozen according to this Law and handle the property according to the following circumstances:

（一）涉嫌犯罪的，依照刑事诉讼法的规定处理；

1. where a crime is suspected, the case shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law;

（二）尚不构成犯罪，有违法事实的，对依法应当没收的予以没收，依法应当销毁的予以销毁；

2. Where a crime is not constituted yet and there are facts about a crime, the property that should be confiscated according to law shall be confiscated and destroyed according to law; or

（三）没有违法事实的，或者与案件无关的，应当解除查封、扣押、冻结，并及时返还相关财物；造成损失的，应当依法赔偿。

(III) Where there is no fact of illegality or the property is irrelevant to the case, the seal-up, seizure or freeze shall be terminated, and the relevant property shall be returned in a timely manner; if any loss is caused, compensation shall be made in accordance with the law.

国家安全机关没收的财物，一律上缴国库。

All property confiscated by a national security organ shall be turned over to the state treasury.

第三十七条   国家安全机关工作人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊，构成犯罪的，或者有非法拘禁、刑讯逼供、暴力取证、违反规定泄露国家秘密、商业秘密和个人隐私等行为，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 37 Any staff member of a national security organ who abuses his power, neglects his duty, or commits illegalities for personal gains or by fraudulent means, thus constituting a crime, or commits illegal detention, extortion of confessions by torture, obtaining of evidence by force, leaking State secrets, trade secrets or personal privacy in violation of provisions or other similar acts, shall be investigated for criminal liability according to law if a crime is constituted.

第五章 附则

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

第三十八条   本法所称间谍行为，是指下列行为：

Article 38 For the purpose of this Law, an act of espionage refers to any of the following acts:

（一）间谍组织及其代理人实施或者指使、资助他人实施，或者境内外机构、组织、个人与其相勾结实施的危害中华人民共和国国家安全的活动；

1. an espionage organization or an agent thereof conducts or instigates or funds others to conduct, or a domestic or overseas institution, organization or individual colludes with them in conducting, the activity endangering the national security of the People's Republic of China;

（二）参加间谍组织或者接受间谍组织及其代理人的任务的；

2. joining an espionage organization or accepting a mission assigned by the organization or its agent; or

（三）间谍组织及其代理人以外的其他境外机构、组织、个人实施或者指使、资助他人实施，或者境内机构、组织、个人与其相勾结实施的窃取、刺探、收买或者非法提供国家秘密或者情报，或者策动、引诱、收买国家工作人员叛变的活动；

(III) the overseas institutions, organizations and individuals, other than espionage organizations and the agents thereof, conduct or instigate or fund others to conduct, or a domestic institution, organization or individual colludes with them in conducting, the activity of stealing, spying, buying or illegally providing state secrets or intelligence or inciting, luring or bribing the functionaries of the State to betray the country;

（四）为敌人指示攻击目标的；

(IV) indicating the objects of attack for the enemy;

（五）进行其他间谍活动的。

(V) conducting other espionage activities.

第三十九条   国家安全机关、公安机关依照法律、行政法规和国家有关规定，履行防范、制止和惩治间谍行为以外的其他危害国家安全行为的职责，适用本法的有关规定。

Article 39 Where national security organs and public security organs perform their duties to prevent, stop or punish acts endangering national security other than the acts of espionage in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and relevant provisions of the State, the relevant provisions of this Law shall apply.

第四十条   本法自公布之日起施行。1993年2月22日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议通过的《中华人民共和国国家安全法》同时废止。

Article 40 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation. The State Security Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the 30th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on February 22, 1993 shall be repealed simultaneously.