法律文本

中華人民共和國戒嚴法

Martial Law of the People's Republic of China

主席令第六十一號

Presidential Decree No. 61

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   根據中華人民共和國憲法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China.

第二條   在發生嚴重危及國家的統一、安全或者社會公共安全的動亂、暴亂或者嚴重騷亂，不采取非常措施不足以維護社會秩序、保護人民的生命和財產安全的緊急狀態時，國家可以決定實行戒嚴。

Article 2 The State may decide to apply martial law when such state of emergency as unrest, rebellion or grave riot occurs which seriously endangers unification and security of the State or public security and under which public order cannot be maintained and safety of people's lives and property cannot be ensured unless extraordinary measures are taken.

第三條   全國或者個別省、自治區、直轄市的戒嚴，由國務院提請全國人民代表大會常務委員會決定；中華人民共和國主席根據全國人民代表大會常務委員會的決定，發布戒嚴令。省、自治區、直轄市的範圍內部分地區的戒嚴，由國務院決定，國務院總理發布戒嚴令。

Article 3 When it is necessary to impose martial law in the country as a whole or in an individual province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, the matter shall be submitted by the State Council to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for decision; the President of the People's Republic of China shall, in accordance with the decision made by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, proclaim the order of martial law. When it is necessary to impose martial law in part (s) of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, the matter shall be decided on by the State Council, and the Premier of the State Council shall proclaim the order of martial law.

第四條   戒嚴期間，為保證戒嚴的實施和維護社會治安秩序，國家可以依照本法在戒嚴地區內，對憲法、法律規定的公民權利和自由的行使作出特別規定。

Article 4 In order to guarantee execution of martial law and preserve public security and public order during the period of martial law, the State may, in accordance with this Law, lay down special rules and regulations regarding the citizens' exercise of their rights and freedom as stipulated by the Constitution and laws in the area under martial law.

第五條   戒嚴地區內的人民政府應當依照本法采取必要的措施，盡快恢複正常社會秩序，保障人民的生命和財產安全以及基本生活必需品的供應。

Article 5 The people's government of the area under martial law shall, in conformity with this Law, adopt measures necessary for bringing public order to normal as soon as possible and ensuring safety of people's lives and property and supply of their daily necessities.

第六條   戒嚴地區內的一切組織和個人，必須嚴格遵守戒嚴令和實施戒嚴令的規定，積極協助人民政府恢複正常社會秩序。

Article 6 All organizations and individuals in the area under martial law shall strictly observe the order of martial law and the rules and regulations for executing the order of martial law and actively assist the people's government in bringing public order to normal.

第七條   國家對遵守戒嚴令和實施戒嚴令的規定的組織和個人，采取有效措施保護其合法權益不受侵犯。

Article 7 With regard to the organizations and individuals that observe the order of martial law and the rules and regulations for executing the order of martial law, the State adopts effective measures to protect their lawful rights and interests from encroachment.

第八條   戒嚴任務由人民警察、人民武裝警察執行；必要時，國務院可以向中央軍事委員會提出，由中央軍事委員會決定派出人民解放軍協助執行戒嚴任務。

Article 8 Martial law tasks shall be performed by the People's Police and the People's Armedpolice. When necessary, the State Council may make a suggestion to the Central Military Commission that it decide to dispatch troops of the People's Liberation Army to help perform the Martial law tasks.

第二章 戒嚴的實施

Chapter 2 Execution of Martial Law

第九條   全國或者個別省、自治區、直轄市的戒嚴，由國務院組織實施。省、自治區、直轄市的範圍內部分地區的戒嚴，由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府組織實施；必要時，國務院可以直接組織實施。組織實施戒嚴的機關稱為戒嚴實施機關。

Article 9 The State Council shall organize execution of martial law in the country as a whole or in an individual province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government. The people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall organize execution of martial law in part (s) of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government; when necessary, the State Council may directly organize the execution thereof. The organ that organizes execution of martial law is referred to as martial-law-executing organ.

第十條   戒嚴實施機關建立戒嚴指揮機構，由戒嚴指揮機構協調執行戒嚴任務的有關方面的行動，統一部署和實施戒嚴措施。執行戒嚴任務的人民解放軍，在戒嚴指揮機構的統一部署下，由中央軍事委員會指定的軍事機關實施指揮。

Article 10 The martial-law-executing organ shall set up a martial law command, which shall coordinate actions taken by the units concerned to fulfill martial law tasks and shall work out unified plans and measures for enforcing martial law. The units of the People's Liberation Army assigned with martial law tasks shall, in carrying out the unified plans of the martial law command, be directed by a military organ designated by the Central Military Commission.

第十一條   戒嚴令應當規定戒嚴的地域範圍、起始時間、實施機關等事項。

Article 11 In an order of martial law such matters as the territorial scope under the martial law, the time the martial law begins to be enforced and the organ that executes it shall be stipulated.

第十二條   根據本法第二條規定實行戒嚴的緊急狀態消除後，應當及時解除戒嚴。解除戒嚴的程序與決定戒嚴的程序相同。

Article 12 As soon as the state of emergency as cited in Article 2 of this Law, for which martial law is enforced, is eliminated, the martial law shall be lifted. The procedure for lifting martial law is the same as for deciding to impose it.

第三章 實施戒嚴的措施

Chapter 3 Measures for Executing Martial Law

第十三條   戒嚴期間，戒嚴實施機關可以決定在戒嚴地區采取下列措施，並可以制定具體實施辦法：

Article 13 During the period of martial law, the martial-law-executing organ may decide to take the following measures in the area under martial law and may also adopt specific execution methods:

（一）禁止或者限制集會、遊行、示威、街頭講演以及其他聚眾活動；

1. to prohibit or restrict assembly, procession, demonstration, street speeches, and other mass activities;

（二）禁止罷工、罷市、罷課；

(II) strike, market strike or class strike is prohibited;

（三）實行新聞管制；

(III) To enforce press control;

（四）實行通訊、郵政、電信管制；

(IV) to enforce control over communications, postal services and telecommunications;

（五）實行出境入境管制；

(V) implement exit/entry control;

（六）禁止任何反對戒嚴的活動。

(VI) to ban any activities against the martial law.

第十四條   戒嚴期間，戒嚴實施機關可以決定在戒嚴地區采取交通管制措施，限制人員進出交通管制區域，並對進出交通管制區域人員的證件、車輛、物品進行檢查。

Article 14 During the period of martial law, the martial-law-executing organ may decide on measures to impose traffic control in the area under martial law, restricting entry and exit of the area under traffic control and checking the papers, vehicles and other things of people entering or leaving such an area.

第十五條   戒嚴期間，戒嚴實施機關可以決定在戒嚴地區采取宵禁措施。宵禁期間，在實行宵禁地區的街道或者其他公共場所通行，必須持有本人身份證件和戒嚴實施機關制發的特別通行證。

Article 15 During the period of martial law, the martial-law-executing organ may decide to impose a curfew in the area under martial law. During the curfew, people passing through the streets or other public places in the area under curfew must carry their identification papers and special passes issued by the martial-law-executing organ.

第十六條   戒嚴期間，戒嚴實施機關或者戒嚴指揮機構可以在戒嚴地區對下列物品采取特別管理措施：

Article 16 During the period of martial law, the martial-law-executing organ or the martial law command may adopt special measures to control the following things in the area under martial law:

（一）武器、彈藥；

1. weapons and ammunition;

（二）管制刀具；

2. knives under control;

（三）易燃易爆物品；

(III) flammable and explosive goods; and

（四）化學危險物品、放射性物品、劇毒物品等。

(IV) hazardous chemicals, radioactives, deadly poisons, etc.

第十七條   根據執行戒嚴任務的需要，戒嚴地區的縣級以上人民政府可以臨時征用國家機關、企業事業組織、社會團體以及公民個人的房屋、場所、設施、運輸工具、工程機械等。在非常緊急的情況下，執行戒嚴任務的人民警察、人民武裝警察、人民解放軍的現場指揮員可以直接決定臨時征用，地方人民政府應當給予協助。實施征用應當開具征用單據。前款規定的臨時征用物，在使用完畢或者戒嚴解除後應當及時歸還；因征用造成損壞的，由縣級以上人民政府按照國家有關規定給予相應補償。

Article 17 Where it is necessary for fulfilling tasks of martial law, the people's government at or above the county level in the area under martial law may temporarily requisition houses, places, facilities, means of transport, engineering machinery, etc. of State organs, enterprises, institutions, public organizations and individual citizens. Under conditions of unusual emergencies, on-the-spot commanders of the People's Police, the People's Armed-police and the People's Liberation Army may make immediate decisions on temporary requisition of things, and the local people's government shall give assistance. A receipt of the things requisitioned shall be made out. The things temporarily requisitioned, as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, shall be returned to the owner immediately after their use or after the martial law is lifted. The things that are damaged shall be compensated, as appropriate, by the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with relevant regulations of the State.

第十八條   戒嚴期間，對戒嚴地區的下列單位、場所，采取措施，加強警衛：

Article 18 During the period of martial law, measures shall be taken to enforce security of the following units and places in the area under martial law:

（一）首腦機關；

1. The head office;

（二）軍事機關和重要軍事設施；

(II) military organs and important military installations; and

（三）外國駐華使領館、國際組織駐華代表機構和國賓下榻處；

(III) foreign embassies and consulates in China, representative offices of international organizations in China and guest houses for state guests;

（四）廣播電臺、電視臺、國家通訊社等重要新聞單位及其重要設施；

(IV) important news entities, such as broadcasting stations, TV stations and state news agencies, and the important facilities thereof;

（五）與國計民生有重大關系的公用企業和公共設施；

(V) public utility enterprises and facilities that have a vital bearing on the national economy and the people's livelihood;

（六）機場、火車站和港口；

(VI) airports, railway stations and ports;

（七）監獄、勞教場所、看守所；

(VII) prisons, places of reeducation through labor and houses of detention; and

（八）其他需要加強警衛的單位和場所。

(VIII) other units and places that need rigid guard.

第十九條   為保障戒嚴地區內的人民基本生活必需品的供應，戒嚴實施機關可以對基本生活必需品的生產、運輸、供應、價格，采取特別管理措施。

Article 19 In order to guarantee supply of the basic daily necessities of the people in the area under martial law, the martial-law-executing organ may take special measures to control the production, transport, supply and pricing of such necessities.

第二十條   戒嚴實施機關依照本法采取的實施戒嚴令的措施和辦法，需要公眾遵守的，應當公布；在實施過程中，根據情況，對於不需要繼續實施的措施和辦法，應當及時公布停止實施。

Article 20 The martial-law-executing organ shall make known to the public the measures and measures which it adopts in accordance with this Law for executing the martial law and which it requires the public to abide by. In the course of executing the martial law, where conditions allow discontinuance of such measures and measures, the organ shall promptly declare discontinuance of their enforcement.

第四章 戒嚴執勤人員的職責

Chapter 4 Duties of Martial-Law-Enforcing Officers

第二十一條   執行戒嚴任務的人民警察、人民武裝警察和人民解放軍是戒嚴執勤人員。戒嚴執勤人員執行戒嚴任務時，應當佩帶由戒嚴實施機關統一規定的標志。

Article 21 Martial-law-enforcing officers are members of the People's Police, the People's Armed-police and the People's Liberation Army, who are assigned with tasks of enforcing the martial law. When performing martial law tasks, martial-law-enforcing officers shall wear uniform insignias as required by the martial-law-executing organ.

第二十二條   戒嚴執勤人員依照戒嚴實施機關的規定，有權對戒嚴地區公共道路上或者其他公共場所內的人員的證件、車輛、物品進行檢查。

Article 22 The martial-law-enforcing officers shall, in accordance with the regulations of the martial-law-executing organ, have the right to check the papers, vehicles and other things of people in the streets or other public places in the area under martial law.

第二十三條   戒嚴執勤人員依照戒嚴實施機關的規定，有權對違反宵禁規定的人予以扣留，直至清晨宵禁結束；並有權對被扣留者的人身進行搜查，對其攜帶的物品進行檢查。

Article 23 The martial-law-enforcing officers shall, in accordance with the regulations of the martial-law-executing organ, have the right to detain people who violate the regulations on curfew until the end of the curfew in early morning; they shall also have the right to search the person of the detainees and check the things they carry.

第二十四條   戒嚴執勤人員依照戒嚴實施機關的規定，有權對下列人員立即予以拘留：

Article 24 The martial-law-enforcing officers shall, in accordance with the regulations of the martial-law-executing organ, have the right to detain the following persons immediately:

（一）正在實施危害國家安全、破壞社會秩序的犯罪或者有重大嫌疑的；

1. persons who are committing an offense that endangers State security or disrupts public order or who are strongly suspected of such an offense;

（二）阻撓或者抗拒戒嚴執勤人員執行戒嚴任務的；

2. persons who obstruct or resist performance of martial law tasks by martial-law-enforcing officers;

（三）抗拒交通管制或者宵禁規定的；

(III) persons who resist traffic control or regulations on curfew;

（四）從事其他抗拒戒嚴令的活動的。

(IV) persons who engage in other activities against the order of martial law.

第二十五條   戒嚴執勤人員依照戒嚴實施機關的規定，有權對被拘留的人員的人身進行搜查，有權對犯罪嫌疑分子的住所和涉嫌藏匿犯罪分子、犯罪嫌疑分子或者武器、彈藥等危險物品的場所進行搜查。

Article 25 The martial-law-enforcing officers shall, in accordance with the regulations of the martial-law-executing organ, have the right to search the person of the detainees and to search the houses of criminal suspects and the places where criminal offenders, criminal suspects or weapons, ammunition and other dangerous articles are suspected of being concealed.

第二十六條   在戒嚴地區有下列聚眾情形之一、阻止無效的，戒嚴執勤人員根據有關規定，可以使用警械強行制止或者驅散，並將其組織者和拒不服從的人員強行帶離現場或者立即予以拘留：

Article 26 When the martial-law-enforcing officers fail to prevent the following persons from engaging in mass activities in the area under martial law, they may, in accordance with relevant regulations, use police implements to stop or disperse them, and forcibly take the organizers and the persons who refuse to obey away from the scene or detain them immediately:

（一）非法進行集會、遊行、示威以及其他聚眾活動的；

1. persons who engage in unlawful assembly, procession, demonstration or other mass activities;

（二）非法占據公共場所或者在公共場所煽動進行破壞活動的；

(II) persons who illegally occupy public places or incite destructive activities in public places;

（三）沖擊國家機關或者其他重要單位、場所的；

(III) persons who attack State organs or other important units and places;

（四）擾亂交通秩序或者故意堵塞交通的；

(IV) persons who disrupt traffic order or deliberately create traffic jams; and

（五）哄搶或者破壞機關、團體、企業事業組織和公民個人的財產的。

(V) persons who plunder or destroy the property of State organs, public organizations, enterprises, institutions or individual citizens.

第二十七條   戒嚴執勤人員對於依照本法規定予以拘留的人員，應當及時登記和訊問，發現不需要繼續拘留的，應當立即釋放。戒嚴期間拘留、逮捕的程序和期限可以不受中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法有關規定的限制，但逮捕須經人民檢察院批準或者決定。

Article 27 The martial-law-enforcing officers shall have the persons, whom they have detained in accordance with the provisions of this Law, immediately registered and interrogated and shall release the ones as soon as they find that there is no need to detain them any longer. During the period of martial law, the procedures and time limit for detention and arrest may be free from the restrictions of the relevant provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, except that an arrest shall be subject to approval or decision of a People's Procuratorate.

第二十八條   在戒嚴地區遇有下列特別緊急情形之一，使用警械無法制止時，戒嚴執勤人員可以使用槍支等武器：

Article 28 The martial-law-enforcing officers may, under any of the following unusual emergencies that occurs in the area under martial law, use guns or other weapons when they cannot stop it simply with police implements:

（一）公民或者戒嚴執勤人員的生命安全受到暴力危害時；

1. when the safety of the lives of citizens or martial-law-enforcing officers are endangered by violence;

（二）拘留、逮捕、押解人犯，遇有暴力抗拒、行凶或者脫逃時；

2. when persons subject to detention or arrest or offenders under escort resort to violence in resistance, commit physical assault or try to escape;

（三）遇暴力搶奪武器、彈藥時；

(III) when persons use violence to seize weapons and ammunition;

（四）警衛的重要對象、目標受到暴力襲擊，或者有受到暴力襲擊的緊迫危險時；

(IV) when important objects under guard are assaulted by violence or are in imminent danger of being assaulted by violence;

（五）在執行消防、搶險、救護作業以及其他重大緊急任務中，受到嚴重暴力阻撓時；

(V) when, in the course of fighting a fire, rushing to deal with an emergency, rescuing people or performing other major urgent tasks, they are obstructed by extreme violence; or

（六）法律、行政法規規定可以使用槍支等武器的其他情形。

(VI) other circumstances under which guns and other weapons may be used in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations.

戒嚴執勤人員必須嚴格遵守使用槍支等武器的規定。

Martial-law-enforcing officers must strictly observe the regulations on the use of guns and other weapons.

第二十九條   戒嚴執勤人員應當遵守法律、法規和執勤規則，服從命令，履行職責，尊 重當地民族風俗習慣，不得侵犯和損害公民的合法權益。

Article 29 Martial-law-enforcing officers shall observe laws, regulations, and rules governing performance of duties, obey orders, fulfill their functions and duties and respect the local ethnic customs and habits, and they shall not infringe upon or harm the lawful rights and interests of citizens.

第三十條   戒嚴執勤人員依法執行任務的行為受法律保護。戒嚴執勤人員違反本法規定，濫用職權，侵犯和損害公民合法權益的，依法追究法律責

Article 30 Acts of martial-law-enforcing officers for performing their tasks in accordance with law shall be protected by law. Martial-law-enforcing officers who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, abuse their powers and infringe upon and harm the lawful rights and interests of citizens, shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with law.

任。

Ren.

第五章 附 則

Chapter 5 Supplementary Provisions

第三十一條   在個別縣、市的局部範圍內突然發生嚴重騷亂，嚴重危及國家安全、社會公共安全和人民的生命財產安全，國家沒有作出戒嚴決定時，當地省級人民政府報經國務院批準，可以決定並組織人民警察、人民武裝警察實施交通管制和現場管制，限制人員進出管制區域，對進出管制區域人員的證件、車輛、物品進行檢查，對參與騷亂的人可以強行予以驅散、強行帶離現場、搜查，對組織者和拒不服從的人員可以立即予以拘留；在人民警察、人民武裝警察力量還不足以維持社會秩序時，可以報請國務院向中央軍事委員會提出，由中央軍事委員會決定派出人民解放軍協助當地人民政府恢複和維持正常社會秩序。

Article 31 When a serious riot suddenly breaks out in part (s) of an individual county or city that seriously endangers State security, public security and safety of people's lives and property and when the State has not yet made a decision on martial law, the local people's government at the provincial level may, subject to approval of its report by the State Council, make a decision on organizing the people's police and the people's armed police to exercise traffic control and control over the scene, restricting people's entry and exit of the area under control, and checking the papers, vehicles and other things of people entering or leaving the area under control, and the participants of the riot may be forcibly dispersed, taken away from the scene and searched and the organizers and the persons who refuse to obey may be immediately detained. When the forces of the people's police and the people's armed police are not enough to maintain public order, the matter may be reported to the State Council, and the State Council may make a suggestion to the Central Military Commission that it decide to dispatch troops of the people's liberation army to help the local people's government restore and maintain normal public order.

第三十二條   本法自公布之日起施行。

Article 32 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.