法律文本

中華人民共和國防洪法（2016修正）

Flood Control Law of the People’s Republic of China (2016 Revision)

（1997年8月29日第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十七次會議通過 根據2009年8月27日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十次會議《關於修改部分法律的決定》第一次修正 根據2015年4月24日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十四次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國港口法〉等七部法律的決定》第二次修正 根據2016年7月2日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十一次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國節約能源法〉等六部法律的決定》第三次修正）

(Adopted at the 27th Session of the Standing Committee of the 8th National People's Congress on August 29, 1997; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws passed at the 10th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 27, 2009; amended for the second time according to the Decision on Revising Seven Laws including the Port Law of the People's Republic of China passed at the 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on April 24, 2015; and amended for the third time according to the Decision on Revising Six Laws including the Energy Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China passed at the 21st Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on July 2, 2016)

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了防治洪水，防禦、減輕洪澇災害，維護人民的生命和財產安全，保障社會主義現代化建設順利進行，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of controlling floods, guarding against and mitigating damage done by floods and water-logging, preserving the safety of people's lives and property, and ensuring the socialist modernization drive.

第二條   防洪工作實行全面規劃、統籌兼顧、預防為主、綜合治理、局部利益服從全局利益的原則。

Article 2 In flood control the principles of comprehensive planning, overall consideration, prevention first, all-purpose harnessing, and the interests of the part being subordinate to the interests of the whole shall be followed,

第三條   防洪工程設施建設，應當納入國民經濟和社會發展計劃。

Article 3 The construction of projects and facilities for flood control shall be incorporated into the national economic and social development plans.

防洪費用按照政府投入同受益者合理承擔相結合的原則籌集。

The funds for flood control shall be raised in accordance with the principle of combining government investment with rational contributions by beneficiaries.

第四條   開發利用和保護水資源，應當服從防洪總體安排，實行興利與除害相結合的原則。

Article 4 Water resources shall be developed, utilized and protected in conformity with the overall arrangement for flood control and in adherence to the principle of deriving benefits being combined with eliminating damage.

江河、湖泊治理以及防洪工程設施建設，應當符合流域綜合規劃，與流域水資源的綜合開發相結合。

Rivers and lakes shall be harnessed and projects and facilities for flood control shall be built in conformity with the comprehensive plans for river basins and in combination with the all-purpose development of the water resources in the river basins.

本法所稱綜合規劃是指開發利用水資源和防治水害的綜合規劃。

For the purposes of this Law, comprehensive plans mean the comprehensive plans for the development and utilization of water resources and for preventing and controlling water disasters.

第五條   防洪工作按照流域或者區域實行統一規劃、分級實施和流域管理與行政區域管理相結合的制度。

Article 5 Flood control shall be carried out under unified planning and implementation at different levels on the basis of river basins or administrative regions and under a system whereby the management of river basins shall be combined with the management of administrative regions.

第六條   任何單位和個人都有保護防洪工程設施和依法參加防汛抗洪的義務。

Article 6 Every unit and individual has the obligation to protect the projects and facilities for flood control and join, in accordance with law, in efforts to control and fight floods.

第七條   各級人民政府應當加強對防洪工作的統一領導，組織有關部門、單位，動員社會力量，依靠科技進步，有計劃地進行江河、湖泊治理，采取措施加強防洪工程設施建設，鞏固、提高防洪能力。

Article 7 The people's governments at various levels shall strengthen the unified leadership over flood control, organize relevant departments and units, mobilize the general public, rely on the achievements in science and technology, harness rivers and lakes in a planned way, adopt measures to reinforce the projects and facilities for flood control, consolidate and increase the flood control capacity.

各級人民政府應當組織有關部門、單位，動員社會力量，做好防汛抗洪和洪澇災害後的恢複與救濟工作。

The people's governments at various levels shall organize relevant departments and units and mobilize the general public to achieve successes in flood control and flood fighting and to make good arrangement for rehabilitation and relief after flood and water-logging disaster.

各級人民政府應當對蓄滯洪區予以扶持；蓄滯洪後，應當依照國家規定予以補償或者救助。

The people's governments at various levels shall give support and help to the flood storage and detention basins, giving them compensation or relief in accordance with the regulations of the State, after flood storage and detention.

第八條   國務院水行政主管部門在國務院的領導下，負責全國防洪的組織、協調、監督、指導等日常工作。國務院水行政主管部門在國家確定的重要江河、湖泊設立的流域管理機構，在所管轄的範圍內行使法律、行政法規規定和國務院水行政主管部門授權的防洪協調和監督管理職責。

Article 8 Under the direction of the State Council, the water administration department under the State Council shall be in charge of the day-to-day work in the way of organizing and coordinating efforts for exercising supervision over and giving guidance to flood control throughout the country. The river basin authorities set up for the major rivers and lakes, designated as such by the State, by the water administration department under the State Council shall, within the areas under their jurisdiction, exercise the functions and duties of coordinating the efforts for, exercising supervision over and administration of, flood control as provided for by laws and administrative rules and regulations and authorized by water administration department under the State Council.

國務院建設行政主管部門和其他有關部門在國務院的領導下，按照各自的職責，負責有關的防洪工作。

The construction administration department under the State Council and other departments concerned shall, under the direction of the State Council, be in charge of the relevant work for flood control in conformity with their respective functions and duties.

縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門在本級人民政府的領導下，負責本行政區域內防洪的組織、協調、監督、指導等日常工作。縣級以上地方人民政府建設行政主管部門和其他有關部門在本級人民政府的領導下，按照各自的職責，負責有關的防洪工作。

The water administration departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the day-to-day work in the way of organizing and coordinating efforts for exercising supervision over and giving guidance to flood control within their administrative regions. The construction administration departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level and other departments concerned shall, under the direction of the people's governments at the corresponding levels, be in charge of the relevant work for flood control in conformity with their respective functions and duties.

第二章 防洪規劃

Chapter 2 Plans for Flood Control

第九條   防洪規劃是指為防治某一流域、河段或者區域的洪澇災害而制定的總體部署，包括國家確定的重要江河、湖泊的流域防洪規劃，其他江河、河段、湖泊的防洪規劃以及區域防洪規劃。

Article 9 Plans for flood control mean the overall plans formulated for controlling flood and water-logging disasters in a given river basin, river section or region, including flood control plans for basins of the major rivers and lakes designated as such by the State, for other rivers, river sections and lakes and for regions.

防洪規劃應當服從所在流域、區域的綜合規劃；區域防洪規劃應當服從所在流域的流域防洪規劃。

A flood control plan shall be subordinate to the comprehensive plan for the given river basin or region. A flood control plan for a region shall be subordinate to the flood control plan for the given river basin.

防洪規劃是江河、湖泊治理和防洪工程設施建設的基本依據。

A flood control plan shall provide the basis for the harnessing of rivers and lakes and for the building of projects and facilities for flood control.

第十條   國家確定的重要江河、湖泊的防洪規劃，由國務院水行政主管部門依據該江河、湖泊的流域綜合規劃，會同有關部門和有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府編制，報國務院批準。

Article 10 Flood control plans for the major rivers and lakes designated as such by the State shall be formulated, on the basis of the comprehensive plans for the basins of these rivers and lakes, by the water administration department under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments and the people's governments of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, and shall be submitted to the State Council for approval.

其他江河、河段、湖泊的防洪規劃或者區域防洪規劃，由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門分別依據流域綜合規劃、區域綜合規劃，會同有關部門和有關地區編制，報本級人民政府批準，並報上一級人民政府水行政主管部門備案；跨省、自治區、直轄市的江河、河段、湖泊的防洪規劃由有關流域管理機構會同江河、河段、湖泊所在地的省、自治區、直轄市人民政府水行政主管部門、有關主管部門擬定，分別經有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府審查提出意見後，報國務院水行政主管部門批準。

The flood control plans for other rivers, river sections and lakes or for regions shall be formulated separately on the basis of the comprehensive plans for river basins or for regions by the water administration departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level in conjunction with the relevant departments and authorities of the relevant regions, and shall be submitted to the people's governments at the corresponding levels for approval and to the water administration departments of the people's governments at the next higher level for the record. flood control plans for rivers, river sections or lakes covering different provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities shall be drawn up by the river basin authorities concerned in conjunction with the water administration departments and the competent departments concerned of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities where the rivers, river sections or lakes are located. These plans shall, after examination and comment made respectively by the people's governments of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities, be submitted to the water administration department under the State Council for approval.

城市防洪規劃，由城市人民政府組織水行政主管部門、建設行政主管部門和其他有關部門依據流域防洪規劃、上一級人民政府區域防洪規劃編制，按照國務院規定的審批程序批準後納入城市總體規劃。

An urban flood control plan shall be made by the water administration department, the construction administration department and other departments concerned under the mobilization of the municipal people's government, on the basis of the flood control plan for the river basin and the regional flood control plan of the people's government at the next higher level. Such plan, after being approved through the procedure for examination and approval prescribed by the State Council, shall be incorporated into the overall plan for the city.

修改防洪規劃，應當報經原批準機關批準。

Any modification to the flood control plan shall be submitted for approval to the organ that originally approved the plan.

第十一條   編制防洪規劃，應當遵循確保重點、兼顧一般，以及防汛和抗旱相結合、工程措施和非工程措施相結合的原則，充分考慮洪澇規律和上下遊、左右岸的關系以及國民經濟對防洪的要求，並與國土規劃和土地利用總體規劃相協調。

Article 11 Flood control plans shall be made in adherence to the principles of ensuring safety of the vital places while taking into account the other places in general, combining flood control with drought fighting and engineering measures with non-engineering measures, giving full consideration to the regular pattern of flood and water-logging, the relationship between the upper and lower reaches and the left and right banks of rivers and the requirements of the national economy for flood control, and making these plans consistent with the national land plans and the overall plans for land use.

防洪規劃應當確定防護對象、治理目標和任務、防洪措施和實施方案，劃定洪泛區、蓄滯洪區和防洪保護區的範圍，規定蓄滯洪區的使用原則。

In flood control plans the objects to be protected, the objectives and tasks of harnessing, flood control measures and implementation programs shall be defined, the areas of flood basins, of flood storage and detention basins and the areas to be protected against floods shall be delimited, and the principles for the use of flood storage and detention basins shall be laid down.

第十二條   受風暴潮威脅的沿海地區的縣級以上地方人民政府，應當把防禦風暴潮納入本地區的防洪規劃，加強海堤（海塘）、擋潮閘和沿海防護林等防禦風暴潮工程體系建設，監督建築物、構築物的設計和施工符合防禦風暴潮的需要。

Article 12 The local people's governments at or above the county level of coastal areas under the threat of storm tides shall include storm tide control in their flood control plans, build a strong system of projects for protection against storm tides, including sea-dikes (seawalls), tide-block sluices and shelter forests along the coast, and see to it that design and construction of buildings and structures meet the needs for protection against storm tides.

第十三條   山洪可能誘發山體滑坡、崩塌和泥石流的地區以及其他山洪多發地區的縣級以上地方人民政府，應當組織負責地質礦產管理工作的部門、水行政主管部門和其他有關部門對山體滑坡、崩塌和泥石流隱患進行全面調查，劃定重點防治區，采取防治措施。

Article 13 The local people's governments at or above the county level of the areas where mountain torrents may cause landslide, collapse and mud-rock flow and of the areas where mountain torrents frequently occur shall mobilize the geology and mining administration departments, water administration departments and other departments concerned to make an overall investigation of the hidden dangers of landslide, collapse and mud-rock flow, delimit the key areas for prevention and control and take measures to prevent and control them.

城市、村鎮和其他居民點以及工廠、礦山、鐵路和公路幹線的布局，應當避開山洪威脅；已經建在受山洪威脅的地方的，應當采取防禦措施。

Urban, rural, and other residential areas, and factories, mines and main lines of railways and highways shall be located away from the threat of mountain torrents. Protective measures shall be taken for those already built in areas under such threat.

第十四條   平原、窪地、水網圩區、山穀、盆地等易澇地區的有關地方人民政府，應當制定除澇治澇規劃，組織有關部門、單位采取相應的治理措施，完善排水系統，發展耐澇農作物種類和品種，開展洪澇、幹旱、鹽堿綜合治理。

Article 14 The local people's governments of such areas liable to water-logging as flatlands, low-lying lands, low-lying areas in river embankment network, valleys and basins shall formulate plans for the drainage and control of water-logging, mobilize the departments and units concerned to take appropriate measures to keep water-logging under control, to improve the drainage system, to develop different kinds and varieties of waterlogging-tolerant crops and to take all-purpose measures to control flood, water-logging, drought and saline-alkali.

城市人民政府應當加強對城區排澇管網、泵站的建設和管理。

The people's governments of cities shall improve the construction and management of the pipe networks and pump stations for drainage of flooded districts.

第十五條   國務院水行政主管部門應當會同有關部門和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府制定長江、黃河、珠江、遼河、淮河、海河入海河口的整治規劃。

Article 15 The water administration department under the State Council shall formulate, in conjunction with the relevant departments and people's governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, plans for harnessing the estuaries of the Yangtze, Yellow, Pearl, Liaohe and Huaihe rivers.

在前款入海河口圍海造地，應當符合河口整治規劃。

Land from the estuaries of the rivers mentioned above shall be reclaimed in compliance with the plans for harnessing these estuaries.

第十六條   防洪規劃確定的河道整治計劃用地和規劃建設的堤防用地範圍內的土地，經土地管理部門和水行政主管部門會同有關地區核定，報經縣級以上人民政府按照國務院規定的權限批準後，可以劃定為規劃保留區；該規劃保留區範圍內的土地涉及其他項目用地的，有關土地管理部門和水行政主管部門核定時，應當征求有關部門的意見。

Article 16 The land set aside for river regulation in flood control plans and the land within the areas for dikes to be constructed according to the plans may be delimited as planned reserves, after examination and verification conducted by the land administration departments and the water administration departments in conjunction with the authorities of relevant regions and after approval given by the people's governments at or above the county level in line with the limits of authority as prescribed by the State Council. Where the land within the reserves is involved in other projects, the relevant land administration department and water administration department, when examining the matter, shall consult the departments concerned.

規劃保留區依照前款規定劃定後，應當公告。

The planned reserves shall be made known to the general public once they are delimited as such in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

前款規劃保留區內不得建設與防洪無關的工礦工程設施；在特殊情況下，國家工礦建設項目確需占用前款規劃保留區內的土地的，應當按照國家規定的基本建設程序報請批準，並征求有關水行政主管部門的意見。

No industrial or mining engineering facilities which are irrelevant to flood control may be built in the planned reserves mentioned in the preceding paragraph. However, in special cases where industrial or mining projects of the State must be built in the land within such planned reserves, an application for approval shall be submitted in accordance with the procedure for capital construction as prescribed by the State and the water administration department concerned shall be consulted.

防洪規劃確定的擴大或者開辟的人工排洪道用地範圍內的土地，經省級以上人民政府土地管理部門和水行政主管部門會同有關部門、有關地區核定，報省級以上人民政府按照國務院規定的權限批準後，可以劃定為規劃保留區，適用前款規定。

The land within the area for expansion or construction of man-made flood discharge channels set aside in the flood control plans, after examination and verification conducted by the land administration departments and water administration departments of the people's governments at or above the provincial level in conjunction with the departments concerned and the relevant regions and after approval given by the said governments in line with the limits of authority as prescribed by the State Council, may be delimited as planned reserves to which the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply.

第十七條   在江河、湖泊上建設防洪工程和其他水工程、水電站等，應當符合防洪規劃的要求；水庫應當按照防洪規劃的要求留足防洪庫容。

Article 17 Flood control projects and other water projects and hydropower stations to be built across rivers and lakes shall be constructed in compliance with the requirements of flood control plans. Sufficient storage capacity shall be reserved in reservoirs in accordance with the requirements of flood control plans.

前款規定的防洪工程和其他水工程、水電站未取得有關水行政主管部門簽署的符合防洪規劃要求的規劃同意書的，建設單位不得開工建設。

The construction unit may not start construction of the flood control project or any other water project or hydropower station mentioned in the preceding paragraph without a written consent signed by the water administration department concerned to show that the plan for the project meets the requirements of the flood control plan.

第三章 治理與防護

Chapter 3 Control and Protection

第十八條   防治江河洪水，應當蓄泄兼施，充分發揮河道行洪能力和水庫、窪澱、湖泊調蓄洪水的功能，加強河道防護，因地制宜地采取定期清淤疏浚等措施，保持行洪暢通。

Article 18 River floods shall be controlled both by storing and discharging them, by bringing into full play the flood passage capacity of river channels and the functions of reservoirs, low-lying land and lakes to regulate and store floods, effectively protecting the river channels, and adopting suitable measures to desilt and dredge at regular intervals so as to ensure smooth passage of floods.

防治江河洪水，應當保護、擴大流域林草植被，涵養水源，加強流域水土保持綜合治理。

River floods shall be controlled with the aim of protecting and enlarging the vegetation including trees and grass in river basins, conserving water and maintaining effective comprehensive control of water and soil conservation in river basins.

第十九條   整治河道和修建控制引導河水流向、保護堤岸等工程，應當兼顧上下遊、左右岸的關系，按照規劃治導線實施，不得任意改變河水流向。

Article 19 When river channels are regulated and projects for controlling and guiding river flow and for protecting dikes and banks are constructed, consideration shall be given to the relationship between the upper and lower reaches and between left and right banks, the planned river-flow guiding line shall be followed, and the direction of river flow may not be changed without authorization.

國家確定的重要江河的規劃治導線由流域管理機構擬定，報國務院水行政主管部門批準。

The planned river-flow guiding lines for major rivers designated as such by the State shall be charted by the river basin authorities and submitted to the water administration department under the State Council for approval.

其他江河、河段的規劃治導線由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門擬定，報本級人民政府批準；跨省、自治區、直轄市的江河、河段和省、自治區、直轄市之間的省界河道的規劃治導線由有關流域管理機構組織江河、河段所在地的省、自治區、直轄市人民政府水行政主管部門擬定，經有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府審查提出意見後，報國務院水行政主管部門批準。

The planned river-flow guiding lines for other rivers and river sections shall be charted by the water administration departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level and submitted to the said governments at the corresponding levels for approval. The planned river-flow guiding lines for rivers and river sections covering different provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities and the guiding lines for river channels bordering on different provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities shall be charted by the water administration departments of the people's governments of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities, under the mobilization of the relevant river basin authorities, and submitted to the water administration department under the State Council for approval after they are examined and commented on by the people's governments of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities.

第二十條   整治河道、湖泊，涉及航道的，應當兼顧航運需要，並事先征求交通主管部門的意見。整治航道，應當符合江河、湖泊防洪安全要求，並事先征求水行政主管部門的意見。

Article 20 Where the regulation of river channels and lakes involves navigation channels, the needs of navigation shall be taken into consideration and the communications administration department shall be consulted in advance. The regulation of navigation channels shall meet the safety requirements of flood control for rivers and lakes and the water administration department shall be consulted in advance.

在竹木流放的河流和漁業水域整治河道的，應當兼顧竹木水運和漁業發展的需要，並事先征求林業、漁業行政主管部門的意見。在河道中流放竹木，不得影響行洪和防洪工程設施的安全。

Where river channels in which bamboo and log are rafted and fishery is developed are regulated, the needs of rafting bamboo and log and developing fishery shall be taken into account and the forestry administration departments and fishery administration departments shall be consulted in advance. Bamboo and log rafting in river channels may not threaten the safety of projects and facilities for flood passage and control.

第二十一條   河道、湖泊管理實行按水系統一管理和分級管理相結合的原則，加強防護，確保暢通。

Article 21 River channels and lakes shall be managed in adherence to the principle of unified administration being combined with administration at different levels for each river system, with stress on protection to ensure that the rivers and lakes are unblocked.

國家確定的重要江河、湖泊的主要河段，跨省、自治區、直轄市的重要河段、湖泊，省、自治區、直轄市之間的省界河道、湖泊以及國（邊）界河道、湖泊，由流域管理機構和江河、湖泊所在地的省、自治區、直轄市人民政府水行政主管部門按照國務院水行政主管部門的劃定依法實施管理。其他河道、湖泊，由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門按照國務院水行政主管部門或者國務院水行政主管部門授權的機構的劃定依法實施管理。

The main river sections of the major rivers and lakes designated as such by the State, the important river sections and lakes covering different provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities, rivers and lakes bordering on provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities and rivers and lakes as national boundaries (frontiers) shall be managed in accordance with law by the river basin authorities and the water administration departments of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities, where such rivers and lakes are located, in conformity with the delimitation made by the water administration department under the State Council. Other rivers and lakes shall be managed in accordance with law by the water administration departments of the local people's governments at or above county level in conformity with the delimitation made by the water administration department under the State Council or of the organs authorized by the said department.

有堤防的河道、湖泊，其管理範圍為兩岸堤防之間的水域、沙洲、灘地、行洪區和堤防及護堤地；無堤防的河道、湖泊，其管理範圍為曆史最高洪水位或者設計洪水位之間的水域、沙洲、灘地和行洪區。

The range of management of river channels and lakes that are protected by dikes covers the water area, sandbar, shallows and flood passage area between the dikes of two banks, the dikes and the land for dike protection. The range of management of river channels and lakes under no protection of dikes covers the water area, sandbar, shallows and flood passage area inundated by the highest flood level on records or the designed flood level.

流域管理機構直接管理的河道、湖泊管理範圍，由流域管理機構會同有關縣級以上地方人民政府依照前款規定界定；其他河道、湖泊管理範圍，由有關縣級以上地方人民政府依照前款規定界定。

The range of management of river channels and lakes directly under river basin authorities shall be delimited by river basin authorities in conjunction with the local people's governments at or above the county level in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The range of management of other river channels and lakes shall be delimited by the relevant local people's governments at or above the county level in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

第二十二條   河道、湖泊管理範圍內的土地和岸線的利用，應當符合行洪、輸水的要求。

Article 22 The use of land and shorelines that come within the range of management of river channels and lakes shall meet the requirements of flood passage and water delivery.

禁止在河道、湖泊管理範圍內建設妨礙行洪的建築物、構築物，傾倒垃圾、渣土，從事影響河勢穩定、危害河岸堤防安全和其他妨礙河道行洪的活動。

Construction of buildings and structures blocking flood passage, dumping of rubbish or dregs and activities adversely affecting the stability of river regime or threatening the safety of river banks or dikes or other activities impeding flood passage within the range of management of river channels and lakes are prohibited.

禁止在行洪河道內種植阻礙行洪的林木和高稈作物。

No trees or long-stalk crops that block flood passage may be planted in river channels for flood passage.

在船舶航行可能危及堤岸安全的河段，應當限定航速。限定航速的標志，由交通主管部門與水行政主管部門商定後設置。

The speed of boats and ships shall be limited within the river sections where navigation may threaten the safety of the dikes. The signs of speed limit shall be set up by the communications administration department after consulting the water administration department.

第二十三條   禁止圍湖造地。已經圍墾的，應當按照國家規定的防洪標準進行治理，有計劃地退地還湖。

Article 23 Reclamation of land from lakes is prohibited. Where such land is already reclaimed, it shall be brought under control in conformity with the standards set by the State for flood control and changed to lake again in accordance with plans.

禁止圍墾河道。確需圍墾的，應當進行科學論證，經水行政主管部門確認不妨礙行洪、輸水後，報省級以上人民政府批準。

Reclamation of river channels is prohibited. Where such reclamation is really necessary, scientific demonstration shall be made and the matter shall be submitted to the people's government at or above the provincial level for approval after the water administration department confirms that flood passage and water delivery are not impeded by reclaiming.

第二十四條   對居住在行洪河道內的居民，當地人民政府應當有計劃地組織外遷。

Article 24 The local people's government shall make plans to have the residents move out of the river channels for flood passage.

第二十五條   護堤護岸的林木，由河道、湖泊管理機構組織營造和管理。護堤護岸林木，不得任意砍伐。采伐護堤護岸林木的，應當依法辦理采伐許可手續，並完成規定的更新補種任務。

Article 25 The river channel or lake administration authorities shall arrange for the planting and tending of trees along the protection dikes or banks of the river or lake. No trees along the protection dikes or banks may be felled without authorization. Anyone who wishes to fell trees along the protection dikes or banks shall complete the formalities for a felling permit in accordance with law and fulfill the quotas for replanting the trees.

第二十六條   對壅水、阻水嚴重的橋梁、引道、碼頭和其他跨河工程設施，根據防洪標準，有關水行政主管部門可以報請縣級以上人民政府按照國務院規定的權限責令建設單位限期改建或者拆除。

Article 26 With regard to the bridges, approach roads, wharves and other cross-river projects and facilities that cause serious water choking or blocking, the water administration departments concerned may, on the basis of the standards for flood control, submit a proposal requesting the people's governments at or above the county level to order, in line with the limits of authority as prescribed by the State Council, the construction units to improve or demolish them within a time limit.

第二十七條   建設跨河、穿河、穿堤、臨河的橋梁、碼頭、道路、渡口、管道、纜線、取水、排水等工程設施，應當符合防洪標準、岸線規劃、航運要求和其他技術要求，不得危害堤防安全、影響河勢穩定、妨礙行洪暢通；其工程建設方案未經有關水行政主管部門根據前述防洪要求審查同意的，建設單位不得開工建設。

Article 27 If any unit wishes to construct such projects and facilities as bridges, wharves, roads, ferries, pipelines, cables, drawing water projects and drainage works which cross over or go through rivers, or cross dikes or border on rivers, they shall ensure that they conform to the standards for flood control, shoreline plans, the requirements for navigation and other technical requirements and that they shall not threaten the safety of the dikes, adversely affect the stability of the river regime or impede the smooth passage of floods. If its construction program for the projects has not been examined or approved by the water administration department concerned in accordance with the standards for flood control mentioned above, the construction unit may not start construction.

前款工程設施需要占用河道、湖泊管理範圍內土地，跨越河道、湖泊空間或者穿越河床的，建設單位應當經有關水行政主管部門對該工程設施建設的位置和界限審查批準後，方可依法辦理開工手續；安排施工時，應當按照水行政主管部門審查批準的位置和界限進行。

If construction of the projects and facilities mentioned in the preceding paragraph needs to occupy the land within the range of management of river channels or lakes, to cross over the space above them or to cross through riverbeds, the construction unit shall apply to the water administration department concerned for examination of and approval for the positions and limits of the said projects and facilities before it may, in accordance with law, complete the formalities for starting construction. It shall carry out construction in the positions and within the limits approved by the water administration department.

第二十八條   對於河道、湖泊管理範圍內依照本法規定建設的工程設施，水行政主管部門有權依法檢查；水行政主管部門檢查時，被檢查者應當如實提供有關的情況和資料。

Article 28 The water administration department shall have the right, in accordance with law, to inspect the projects and facilities being constructed according to the provisions of this Law, within the range of management of rivers and lakes; the unit under inspection shall provide the water administration department with relevant truthful materials and data.

前款規定的工程設施竣工驗收時，應當有水行政主管部門參加。

When construction of the projects and facilities mentioned in the preceding paragraph is completed, there shall be members of the water administration departments participating in the checking for acceptance.

第四章 防洪區和防洪工程設施的管理

Chapter IV Management of Flood Control Zones and of Projects and Facilities for Flood Control

第二十九條   防洪區是指洪水泛濫可能淹及的地區，分為洪泛區、蓄滯洪區和防洪保護區。

Article 29 Flood control zones refer to the areas that may be inundated by floods, namely, the flood basins, the flood storage and detention basins, and the areas protected against floods.

洪泛區是指尚無工程設施保護的洪水泛濫所及的地區。

Flood area refers to the area where no engineering facilities have been protected by flood.

蓄滯洪區是指包括分洪口在內的河堤背水面以外臨時貯存洪水的低窪地區及湖泊等。

The flood storage and detention area refers to the low-lying areas and lakes beyond the back surface of the dikes including the flood diversion outlets for temporary storage of floods.

防洪保護區是指在防洪標準內受防洪工程設施保護的地區。

The areas protected against floods are areas protected by projects and facilities for flood control in conformity with standards for flood control.

洪泛區、蓄滯洪區和防洪保護區的範圍，在防洪規劃或者防禦洪水方案中劃定，並報請省級以上人民政府按照國務院規定的權限批準後予以公告。

The areas of the flood basins, the flood storage and detention basins and the areas protected against floods shall be delimited in plans for flood control or the programmes for protection against floods and shall be made known to the general public after they are submitted to the people's governments at or above the provincial level and approved in line with the limits of authority prescribed by the State Council.

第三十條   各級人民政府應當按照防洪規劃對防洪區內的土地利用實行分區管理。

Article 30 The people's governments at various levels shall, according to the plans for flood control, discriminatingly control the use of the land in the different basins or areas within the flood control zones.

第三十一條   地方各級人民政府應當加強對防洪區安全建設工作的領導，組織有關部門、單位對防洪區內的單位和居民進行防洪教育，普及防洪知識，提高水患意識；按照防洪規劃和防禦洪水方案建立並完善防洪體系和水文、氣象、通信、預警以及洪澇災害監測系統，提高防禦洪水能力；組織防洪區內的單位和居民積極參加防洪工作，因地制宜地采取防洪避洪措施。

Article 31 The local people's governments at various levels shall, strengthen leadership over the work regarding the safety in the flood control zones, mobilize the departments and units concerned to conduct education among the units and residents in the flood control zones in the importance of flood control, disseminate the knowledge of flood control and enhance their awareness of the danger of inundation; they shall set up and improve, in accordance with plans for flood control and programmes for protection against floods, the flood control system and the systems of hydrology, meteorology, telecommunications, pre-warning and the monitoring of flood and water-logging disasters, so as to increase their ability in protecting against floods; and they shall mobilize the units and residents in the flood control zones to take an active part in the effort to control floods and adopt the measures suitable to local conditions to control and ward off floods.

第三十二條   洪泛區、蓄滯洪區所在地的省、自治區、直轄市人民政府應當組織有關地區和部門，按照防洪規劃的要求，制定洪泛區、蓄滯洪區安全建設計劃，控制蓄滯洪區人口增長，對居住在經常使用的蓄滯洪區的居民，有計劃地組織外遷，並采取其他必要的安全保護措施。

Article 32 The people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, where flood basins or flood storage and detention basins are located, shall mobilize the local authorities and departments concerned to formulate, according to the requirements of plans for flood control, programs for the safety in flood basins, to control the population growth in flood storage and detention basins, to get the residents living in the frequently used flood storage and detention basins to relocate according to plans, and to take other necessary safety control measures.

因蓄滯洪區而直接受益的地區和單位，應當對蓄滯洪區承擔國家規定的補償、救助義務。國務院和有關的省、自治區、直轄市人民政府應當建立對蓄滯洪區的扶持和補償、救助制度。

The authorities of regions and units that benefit directly from the flood storage and detention basins shall have the obligation to make compensation and provide relief for these basins according to the regulations of the State. The State Council and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government concerned shall set up the system for giving support, making compensation and providing relief with regard to the flood storage and detention basins.

國務院和有關的省、自治區、直轄市人民政府可以制定洪泛區、蓄滯洪區安全建設管理辦法以及對蓄滯洪區的扶持和補償、救助辦法。

The State Council and the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities concerned may formulate measures for the safety in the flood basins and flood storage and detention basins and for support, compensation and relief for flood storage and detention basins.

第三十三條   在洪泛區、蓄滯洪區內建設非防洪建設項目，應當就洪水對建設項目可能產生的影響和建設項目對防洪可能產生的影響作出評價，編制洪水影響評價報告，提出防禦措施。洪水影響評價報告未經有關水行政主管部門審查批準的，建設單位不得開工建設。

Article 33 For the construction of projects, not for the purpose of flood control, within the flood basins or flood storage and detention basins, an assessment of the potential effect of floods on the construction projects and the potential effect of the construction projects on flood control shall be made, a report on the assessment of flood effect shall be prepared, and preventive measures shall be proposed. Where the report on the assessment of flood effect has not been examined and approved by the relevant water administration department, the construction unit may not start construction.

在蓄滯洪區內建設的油田、鐵路、公路、礦山、電廠、電信設施和管道，其洪水影響評價報告應當包括建設單位自行安排的防洪避洪方案。建設項目投入生產或者使用時，其防洪工程設施應當經水行政主管部門驗收。

The report on the assessment of flood effect on oil fields, railways, highways, mines, power plants, telecommunications equipment and pipelines to be constructed in the flood storage and detention basins shall include programmes prepared by the construction unit itself for controlling or warding off floods. When a construction project is put into production or use, its projects and facilities for flood control shall be checked for acceptance by the water administration department.

在蓄滯洪區內建造房屋應當采用平頂式結構。

The flat-roof structure shall be adopted for the houses built in flood storage and detention basins.

第三十四條   大中城市，重要的鐵路、公路幹線，大型骨幹企業，應當列為防洪重點，確保安全。

Article 34 Large and medium-sized cities, important main lines of railways and highways, and large key enterprises shall be listed as the focal points of flood control and their safety shall be ensured.

受洪水威脅的城市、經濟開發區、工礦區和國家重要的農業生產基地等，應當重點保護，建設必要的防洪工程設施。

The cities, economic development zones, industrial and mining areas, and important agricultural bases of the State that are vulnerable to floods shall enjoy special protection and necessary projects and facilities for flood control shall be constructed there.

城市建設不得擅自填堵原有河道溝叉、貯水湖塘窪澱和廢除原有防洪圍堤。確需填堵或者廢除的，應當經城市人民政府批準。

In urban construction, no river channels, ditches, river forks, water storage lakes, ponds, depressions or shallow lakes may be blocked or filled up and no dikes for flood control may be leveled without authorization. Where it is definitely necessary to do so, the matter shall be subject to approval of the municipal people's government.

第三十五條   屬於國家所有的防洪工程設施，應當按照經批準的設計，在竣工驗收前由縣級以上人民政府按照國家規定，劃定管理和保護範圍。

Article 35 The area of management and protection for the projects and facilities for flood control owned by the State shall be delimited, in accordance with the approved design and State regulations, by the people's governments at or above the county level before such projects and facilities are completed and accepted.

屬於集體所有的防洪工程設施，應當按照省、自治區、直轄市人民政府的規定，劃定保護範圍。

The area of protection for projects and facilities for flood control owned by the collective shall be delimited in accordance with the regulations of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities.

在防洪工程設施保護範圍內，禁止進行爆破、打井、采石、取土等危害防洪工程設施安全的活動。

Within the area of protection for projects and facilities for flood control, activities that jeopardize the safety of projects and facilities for flood control such as exploding, well-digging, quarrying and earth-borrowing are prohibited.

第三十六條   各級人民政府應當組織有關部門加強對水庫大壩的定期檢查和監督管理。對未達到設計洪水標準、抗震設防要求或者有嚴重質量缺陷的險壩，大壩主管部門應當組織有關單位采取除險加固措施，限期消除危險或者重建，有關人民政府應當優先安排所需資金。對可能出現垮壩的水庫，應當事先制定應急搶險和居民臨時撤離方案。

Article 36 The people's governments at various levels shall mobilize the departments concerned to strengthen regular inspection of and supervision over reservoirs and dams. For the dangerous dams that fail to meet the designed standards for flood control or the requirements for fortification against earthquake or that have serious defects in quality, the dam administration department shall mobilize the units concerned to take measures to reinforce the dams and to remove the danger or rebuild the dams within a time limit, and the people's governments concerned shall give priority to allocation of the funds needed. For the reservoir where the dam may possibly break down, plans for emergency repair and for temporary evacuation of the residents shall be made in advance.

各級人民政府和有關主管部門應當加強對尾礦壩的監督管理，采取措施，避免因洪水導致垮壩。

The people's governments at various levels and the competent departments concerned shall strengthen supervision over tailing dams and take measures to prevent them from being broken down by floods.

第三十七條   任何單位和個人不得破壞、侵占、毀損水庫大壩、堤防、水閘、護岸、抽水站、排水渠系等防洪工程和水文、通信設施以及防汛備用的器材、物料等。

Article 37 No units or individuals may undermine, occupy, or damage such flood control projects as dams of reservoirs, dikes, sluices, revetments, pumping stations, and drainage canal systems, hydrologic and telecommunications facilities, and the equipment and materials prepared for flood control.

第五章 防汛抗洪

Chapter 5 Flood Control and Flood Fighting

第三十八條   防汛抗洪工作實行各級人民政府行政首長負責制，統一指揮、分級分部門負責。

Article 38 Flood control and flood fighting shall be carried out under the system whereby the administrative chief of the people's government at any level assumes full responsibility under unified command and departments at various levels shall assume their respective responsibilities.

第三十九條   國務院設立國家防汛指揮機構，負責領導、組織全國的防汛抗洪工作，其辦事機構設在國務院水行政主管部門。

Article 39 The State Council shall set up the National Flood Control Headquarters, which shall be responsible for guiding and organizing flood control and flood fighting throughout the country, and the office of the National Flood Control Headquarters shall be set up in the water administration department under the State Council.

在國家確定的重要江河、湖泊可以設立由有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府和該江河、湖泊的流域管理機構負責人等組成的防汛指揮機構，指揮所管轄範圍內的防汛抗洪工作，其辦事機構設在流域管理機構。

For the major rivers and lakes designated as such by the State, flood control headquarters consisting of leading members of the people's governments of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government and of the river basin authorities of the said rivers and lakes may be set up in order to direct flood control and flood fighting within the area under their jurisdiction, and their offices shall be set up in the river basin authorities.

有防汛抗洪任務的縣級以上地方人民政府設立由有關部門、當地駐軍、人民武裝部負責人等組成的防汛指揮機構，在上級防汛指揮機構和本級人民政府的領導下，指揮本地區的防汛抗洪工作，其辦事機構設在同級水行政主管部門；必要時，經城市人民政府決定，防汛指揮機構也可以在建設行政主管部門設城市市區辦事機構，在防汛指揮機構的統一領導下，負責城市市區的防汛抗洪日常工作。

The local people's government at or above the county level which is assigned with the tasks of flood control and flood fighting shall set up its flood control headquarters consisting of leading members of the departments concerned, of the troops stationed there and of the local arm-the- people department in order to direct flood control and flood fighting in the area, under the guidance of the flood control headquarters at higher levels and the people's government at the corresponding level, and the office of the headquarters shall be set up in the water administration department at the corresponding level. When necessary, upon decision by the municipal people's government, the flood control headquarters may also set up an urban area office in the construction administration department, which shall be in charge of the routine work for flood control and flood fighting, within the urban area, under the unified guidance of the flood control headquarters.

第四十條   有防汛抗洪任務的縣級以上地方人民政府根據流域綜合規劃、防洪工程實際狀況和國家規定的防洪標準，制定防禦洪水方案（包括對特大洪水的處置措施）。

Article 40 The local people's government at or above the county level which is assigned with the tasks of flood prevention and flood fighting shall draw up flood prevention programmes (including measures for a catastrophic flood) on the basis of the comprehensive plan for the river basin, the actual conditions of the projects for flood prevention and the standards for flood prevention prescribed by the State.

長江、黃河、淮河、海河的防禦洪水方案，由國家防汛指揮機構制定，報國務院批準；跨省、自治區、直轄市的其他江河的防禦洪水方案，由有關流域管理機構會同有關省、自治區、直轄市人民政府制定，報國務院或者國務院授權的有關部門批準。防禦洪水方案經批準後，有關地方人民政府必須執行。

The flood control programmes for the Yangtze, Yellow, Huaihe and Haihe rivers shall be formulated by the National Flood Control Headquarters and submitted to the State Council for approval; the flood control programs for other rivers covering different provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities shall be formulated by river basin authorities concerned in conjunction with the people's governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities and submitted to the State Council or the department authorized by the State Council for approval. After a scheme for the prevention of floods is approved, the people's governments concerned must execute it.

各級防汛指揮機構和承擔防汛抗洪任務的部門和單位，必須根據防禦洪水方案做好防汛抗洪準備工作。

The flood control headquarters at various levels, and the departments and units shouldering the tasks of flood control and flood fighting must make preparations for flood control and flood fighting in accordance with the flood control programmes.

第四十一條   省、自治區、直轄市人民政府防汛指揮機構根據當地的洪水規律，規定汛期起止日期。

Article 41 The flood control headquarters of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, on the basis of the flood pattern, specify the starting and ending dates of a flood season.

當江河、湖泊的水情接近保證水位或者安全流量，水庫水位接近設計洪水位，或者防洪工程設施發生重大險情時，有關縣級以上人民政府防汛指揮機構可以宣布進入緊急防汛期。

When the water condition of a river or lake is close to the guaranteed water level or the safe flow or the water level of a reservoir is close to the designed flood level or, when a flood control project or facility is found to be in a critically dangerous condition, the flood control headquarters of the people's government at or above the county level concerned may declare the start of an urgent flood control period.

第四十二條   對河道、湖泊範圍內阻礙行洪的障礙物，按照誰設障、誰清除的原則，由防汛指揮機構責令限期清除；逾期不清除的，由防汛指揮機構組織強行清除，所需費用由設障者承擔。

Article 42 Flood control headquarters shall order the removal, within a time limit, of the obstacles to flood passage within the areas of river channels or lakes in accordance with the principle of whoever puts the obstacles removes them. If the person fails to remove the obstacles at the expiration of the time limit, the Flood control headquarters shall have them removed, and the expenses thus incurred shall be borne by the person who puts the obstacles.

在緊急防汛期，國家防汛指揮機構或者其授權的流域、省、自治區、直轄市防汛指揮機構有權對壅水、阻水嚴重的橋梁、引道、碼頭和其他跨河工程設施作出緊急處置。

During an urgent flood control period, the National Flood Control Headquarters or the Flood Control Headquarters of the provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government or of the river basins it authorized shall have the power to take emergency measures with respect to the bridges, approach roads, wharves and other cross-river projects that have caused serious water choking or blocking.

第四十三條   在汛期，氣象、水文、海洋等有關部門應當按照各自的職責，及時向有關防汛指揮機構提供天氣、水文等實時信息和風暴潮預報；電信部門應當優先提供防汛抗洪通信的服務；運輸、電力、物資材料供應等有關部門應當優先為防汛抗洪服務。

Article 43 During a flood season, the meteorological, hydrological and marine departments concerned shall fulfill their respective duties by promptly providing the relevant flood control headquarters with real-time information on weather and hydrology and windstorm tide forecasts; departments of telecommunications shall give priority to providing services for flood control and flood fighting; and departments of transport, electric power, and goods and materials and other departments concerned shall give priority to providing services for flood control and flood fighting.

中國人民解放軍、中國人民武裝警察部隊和民兵應當執行國家賦予的抗洪搶險任務。

The Chinese People's Liberation Army, the Chinese People's Armed Police Force and the people's militia shall perform the tasks of fighting floods and dealing with emergencies as assigned by the State.

第四十四條   在汛期，水庫、閘壩和其他水工程設施的運用，必須服從有關的防汛指揮機構的調度指揮和監督。

Article 44 During a flood season, the reservoirs, sluice gates and other water projects and facilities shall be used under the control and supervision of the flood control headquarters concerned.

在汛期，水庫不得擅自在汛期限制水位以上蓄水，其汛期限制水位以上的防洪庫容的運用，必須服從防汛指揮機構的調度指揮和監督。

During a flood season, water in any reservoir may not, without authorization, be stored above the limits of flood-season water level; the flood-control storage capacity above the limits of flood-season water level shall be used under the control and supervision of the flood control headquarters concerned.

在淩汛期，有防淩汛任務的江河的上遊水庫的下泄水量必須征得有關的防汛指揮機構的同意，並接受其監督。

During an ice flood season, the amount of water to be discharged from reservoirs of the upper reaches of rivers that carry out ice flood control tasks must be subject to consent and supervision of the relevant flood control headquarters.

第四十五條   在緊急防汛期，防汛指揮機構根據防汛抗洪的需要，有權在其管轄範圍內調用物資、設備、交通運輸工具和人力，決定采取取土占地、砍伐林木、清除阻水障礙物和其他必要的緊急措施；必要時，公安、交通等有關部門按照防汛指揮機構的決定，依法實施陸地和水面交通管制。

Article 45 During an urgent flood control period, flood control headquarters shall have the power to requisition, according to the needs of flood control and flood fighting and within the area under their jurisdiction, materials, equipment, means of transport and manpower and to decide to borrow earth, occupy land, fell trees, remove obstacles that block water flow and to take other necessary emergency measures; when necessary, public security organs, departments of communications and other departments concerned may, in accordance with decisions of flood control headquarters, enforce traffic control on land and water.

依照前款規定調用的物資、設備、交通運輸工具等，在汛期結束後應當及時歸還；造成損壞或者無法歸還的，按照國務院有關規定給予適當補償或者作其他處理。取土占地、砍伐林木的，在汛期結束後依法向有關部門補辦手續；有關地方人民政府對取土後的土地組織複墾，對砍伐的林木組織補種。

The materials, equipment, means of transport, etc. requisitioned according to the provisions in the preceding paragraph shall be returned without delay after the flood season ends; for those that are damaged or unreturnable, appropriate compensation shall be made or, the matter shall be dealt with otherwise, in accordance with the regulations of the State Council. Where earth has been borrowed or trees have been felled, the formalities shall, in accordance with law, be completed afterwards with the departments concerned after the flood season ends; the local people's governments concerned shall see to it that the land from which earth has been borrowed is reclaimed and that new trees are planted where trees have been felled.

第四十六條   江河、湖泊水位或者流量達到國家規定的分洪標準，需要啟用蓄滯洪區時，國務院，國家防汛指揮機構，流域防汛指揮機構，省、自治區、直轄市人民政府，省、自治區、直轄市防汛指揮機構，按照依法經批準的防禦洪水方案中規定的啟用條件和批準程序，決定啟用蓄滯洪區。依法啟用蓄滯洪區，任何單位和個人不得阻攔、拖延；遇到阻攔、拖延時，由有關縣級以上地方人民政府強制實施。

Article 46 When the water level or flow of rivers or lakes has reached the standard for flood diversion as set by the State so that flood storage and detention basins need be used, the State Council, the National Flood control Headquarters, the river basin Flood control Headquarters, the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities, and the Flood control Headquarters of the provinces, autonomous regions or centrally-administered municipalities may decide to use them in accordance with the conditions for their use and the procedure for approval as stipulated in the flood control programmes that are lawfully approved. No units or individuals may impede or delay the use of the flood storage and detention basins; in case it happens, the local people's governments at or above the county level concerned shall enforce the use.

第四十七條   發生洪澇災害後，有關人民政府應當組織有關部門、單位做好災區的生活供給、衛生防疫、救災物資供應、治安管理、學校複課、恢複生產和重建家園等救災工作以及所管轄地區的各項水毀工程設施修複工作。水毀防洪工程設施的修複，應當優先列入有關部門的年度建設計劃。

Article 47 In the wake of a disaster of flood or water-logging, the people's governments concerned shall mobilize the departments and units concerned to ensure the supply of the daily necessities, sanitation and epidemic prevention, the supply of goods and materials for disaster relief, maintenance of public order, resumption of school classes and production, rehabilitation of homes, success in other relief work and repair of each and every project or facility damaged by flood in the area under their jurisdiction. Repair of the projects and facilities for flood control damaged by flood shall be placed on top of the annual construction plans of the departments concerned.

國家鼓勵、扶持開展洪水保險。

The State shall encourage and support the development of flood insurance.

第六章 保障措施

Chapter 6 Guarantee Measures

第四十八條   各級人民政府應當采取措施，提高防洪投入的總體水平。

Article 48 The people's governments at various levels shall take measures to increase their overall investment in flood control.

第四十九條   江河、湖泊的治理和防洪工程設施的建設和維護所需投資，按照事權和財權相統一的原則，分級負責，由中央和地方財政承擔。城市防洪工程設施的建設和維護所需投資，由城市人民政府承擔。

Article 49 Investments needed for the harnessing of rivers and lakes and for the construction and maintenance of projects and facilities for flood control shall be made by the Central Government and the local governments at different levels in adherence to the principle of the unity of administrative power and financial power. The investments needed for the construction and maintenance of urban projects and facilities for flood control shall be made by the municipal people's governments.

受洪水威脅地區的油田、管道、鐵路、公路、礦山、電力、電信等企業、事業單位應當自籌資金，興建必要的防洪自保工程。

Enterprises and institutions of oil, pipelines, railways, highways, mines, electric power, telecommunications, etc., which are situated in areas vulnerable to floods, shall raise funds themselves to construct flood control projects necessary for their own protection.

第五十條   中央財政應當安排資金，用於國家確定的重要江河、湖泊的堤壩遭受特大洪澇災害時的抗洪搶險和水毀防洪工程修複。省、自治區、直轄市人民政府應當在本級財政預算中安排資金，用於本行政區域內遭受特大洪澇災害地區的抗洪搶險和水毀防洪工程修複。

Article 50 The Central Government shall allocate funds for fighting floods, dealing with emergencies and repairing flood control projects damaged by floods when dams on the major rivers and lakes designated as such by the State are hit by catastrophic floods or waterlogging. The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, in their financial budgets include funds for fighting floods, dealing with emergencies and repairing flood control projects damaged by floods when the areas within their administrative regions are hit by catastrophic floods or waterlogging.

第五十一條   國家設立水利建設基金，用於防洪工程和水利工程的維護和建設。具體辦法由國務院規定。

Article 51 The State shall establish funds for water conservancy, to be used for the maintenance and construction of flood control projects and water conservancy projects. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

受洪水威脅的省、自治區、直轄市為加強本行政區域內防洪工程設施建設，提高防禦洪水能力，按照國務院的有關規定，可以規定在防洪保護區範圍內征收河道工程修建維護管理費。

In order to reinforce the construction of projects and facilities for flood control within their administrative regions to increase flood control capacity, the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, which are vulnerable to floods, may, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State Council, formulate regulations for the collection of fees in the areas under protection against floods for construction and maintenance of river channel projects.

第五十二條   任何單位和個人不得截留、挪用防洪、救災資金和物資。

Article 52 No units or individuals may withhold or misappropriate funds or materials to be used for flood control and disaster relief.

各級人民政府審計機關應當加強對防洪、救災資金使用情況的審計監督。

Audit institutions of the people's governments at various levels shall through auditing exercise strict supervision over the use of the funds for flood control and disaster relief.

第七章 法律責任

Chapter 7 Legal Liabilities

第五十三條   違反本法第十七條規定，未經水行政主管部門簽署規劃同意書，擅自在江河、湖泊上建設防洪工程和其他水工程、水電站的，責令停止違法行為，補辦規劃同意書手續；違反規劃同意書的要求，嚴重影響防洪的，責令限期拆除；違反規劃同意書的要求，影響防洪但尚可采取補救措施的，責令限期采取補救措施，可以處一萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 53 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of Article 17 of this Law, conducts a flood control project or any other water project or hydropower station across rivers or lakes without the written consent signed by the water administration department for the plan thereof shall be ordered to discontinue the illegal act and to complete the formalities for obtaining the written consent for the plan; any project that is built at variance with the requirements of the written consent and seriously affects flood control shall be ordered to be demolished within a time limit; with regard to any project that fails to meet the requirements of the written consent and adversely affects flood control, but that is still remediable, remedial measures shall be ordered to be taken within a time limit and a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan may be imposed.

第五十四條   違反本法第十九條規定，未按照規劃治導線整治河道和修建控制引導河水流向、保護堤岸等工程，影響防洪的，責令停止違法行為，恢複原狀或者采取其他補救措施，可以處一萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 54 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of Article 19 of this Law, fails to regulate the river channels or construct projects for controlling and guiding river flow and for protecting dikes and banks in conformity with the planned river-flow guiding line and therefore adversely affects flood control shall be ordered to discontinue the illegal act and to restore the place to its original state or to adopt other remedial measures and may be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

第五十五條   違反本法第二十二條第二款、第三款規定，有下列行為之一的，責令停止違法行為，排除阻礙或者采取其他補救措施，可以處五萬元以下的罰款：

Article 55 Anyone who commits any of the following acts in violation of the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 22 of this Law shall be ordered to discontinue the illegal act, remove the obstacles or to take other remedial measures and may be fined not more than 50,000 yuan:

（一）在河道、湖泊管理範圍內建設妨礙行洪的建築物、構築物的；

1. to construct any buildings or structures within the range of management of river channels or lakes that block flood passage;

（二）在河道、湖泊管理範圍內傾倒垃圾、渣土，從事影響河勢穩定、危害河岸堤防安全和其他妨礙河道行洪的活動的；

(II) in the administrative zone of any river or lake, dumping rubbish or dregs or engage in any activities that adversely affect the stability of the river regime and threaten the safety of river banks or dikes or any other activities impeding flood passage within the range of management of river channels or lakes; or

（三）在行洪河道內種植阻礙行洪的林木和高稈作物的。

(III) to plant trees or grow long-stalk crops that block flood passage in flood-relief channels.

第五十六條   違反本法第十五條第二款、第二十三條規定，圍海造地、圍湖造地、圍墾河道的，責令停止違法行為，恢複原狀或者采取其他補救措施，可以處五萬元以下的罰款；既不恢複原狀也不采取其他補救措施的，代為恢複原狀或者采取其他補救措施，所需費用由違法者承擔。

Article 56 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of paragraph 2, Article 15 or of Article 23 of this law, reclaims land from the sea, any lakes or river channels shall be ordered to discontinue the illegal act, restore the place to its original state or take other remedial measures and may be fined not more than 50,000 yuan; if the violator neither restores the place to its original state nor takes any other remedial measures, he shall bear the costs incurred for the restoration done or the remedial measures taken by others.

第五十七條   違反本法第二十七條規定，未經水行政主管部門對其工程建設方案審查同意或者未按照有關水行政主管部門審查批準的位置、界限，在河道、湖泊管理範圍內從事工程設施建設活動的，責令停止違法行為，補辦審查同意或者審查批準手續；工程設施建設嚴重影響防洪的，責令限期拆除，逾期不拆除的，強行拆除，所需費用由建設單位承擔；影響行洪但尚可采取補救措施的，責令限期采取補救措施，可以處一萬元以上十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 57 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of Article 27 of this Law, constructs any projects or facilities within the range of management of river channels or lakes without the examination and consent of his construction programs by the water administration department, or at variance with the positions and limits examined and approved by the water administration department, shall be ordered to discontinue the illegal act and to complete the formalities for the examination and consent or for examination and approval; if any projects or facilities seriously affect flood control, their demolition shall be ordered to be done within a time limit or they shall be demolished by compulsion if the time limit expires and the costs thus incurred shall be borne by the construction unit; if any projects or facilities adversely affect flood passage but are still remediable, the violator shall be ordered to take remedial measures within a time limit and may be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

第五十八條   違反本法第三十三條第一款規定，在洪泛區、蓄滯洪區內建設非防洪建設項目，未編制洪水影響評價報告或者洪水影響評價報告未經審查批準開工建設的，責令限期改正；逾期不改正的，處五萬元以下的罰款。

Article 58 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 33 of this Law, constructs a project, not for the purpose of flood control, in a flood basin or flood storage and detention basin without preparing a report on the assessment of flood effect or with the report on the assessment of flood effect not having been examined and approved, shall be ordered to make amends within a time limit; if he fails to do so, he shall be fined not more than 50,000 yuan.

違反本法第三十三條第二款規定，防洪工程設施未經驗收，即將建設項目投入生產或者使用的，責令停止生產或者使用，限期驗收防洪工程設施，可以處五萬元以下的罰款。

Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 33 of this Law, puts a construction project into production or use before the project or facility for flood control is checked for acceptance shall be ordered to discontinue the production or use and have the project or facility checked for acceptance within a time limit and may be fined not more than 50,000 yuan.

第五十九條   違反本法第三十四條規定，因城市建設擅自填堵原有河道溝叉、貯水湖塘窪澱和廢除原有防洪圍堤的，城市人民政府應當責令停止違法行為，限期恢複原狀或者采取其他補救措施。

Article 59 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of Article 34 of this Law, blocks or fills up any existing river channels, ditches, river forks or any water storage lakes, ponds, depressions or shallow lakes, or levels any existing flood control dikes for the sake of urban construction without authorization shall be ordered by the municipal people's government to discontinue the illegal act and restore the place to its original state or take other remedial measures.

第六十條   違反本法規定，破壞、侵占、毀損堤防、水閘、護岸、抽水站、排水渠系等防洪工程和水文、通信設施以及防汛備用的器材、物料的，責令停止違法行為，采取補救措施，可以處五萬元以下的罰款；造成損壞的，依法承擔民事責任；應當給予治安管理處罰的，依照治安管理處罰法的規定處罰；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 60 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, undermines, occupies or damages any flood control projects such as dikes, sluices, revetments, pumping stations and drainage canal systems, or hydrologic or telecommunications facilities, or the equipment and materials prepared for flood control shall be ordered to discontinue the illegal act and take remedial measures and may be fined not more than 50,000 yuan; if any damage is caused, he shall bear civil liability in accordance with law; if he need be punished for public security, penalties shall be meted out in accordance with the Law on Administrative Penalties for Public Security; if the violation constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

第六十一條   阻礙、威脅防汛指揮機構、水行政主管部門或者流域管理機構的工作人員依法執行職務，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪，應當給予治安管理處罰的，依照治安管理處罰法的規定處罰。

Article 61 Anyone who hinders or intimidates any members of flood control headquarters, water administration departments or river basin authorities when they perform their duties, if his act constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law; if his act is not serious enough to constitute a crime but penalties need be imposed for public security, he shall be punished in accordance with the Law on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.

第六十二條   截留、挪用防洪、救災資金和物資，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，給予行政處分。

Article 62 Anyone who withholds or misappropriates funds or materials for flood control or disaster relief, if his act constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law; if his act is not serious enough to constitute a crime, he shall be given administrative sanctions.

第六十三條   除本法第五十九條的規定外，本章規定的行政處罰和行政措施，由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門決定，或者由流域管理機構按照國務院水行政主管部門規定的權限決定。但是，本法第六十條、第六十一條規定的治安管理處罰的決定機關，按照治安管理處罰法的規定執行。

Article 63 Except for the provisions of Article 59 of this Law, the administrative penalties and administrative measures stipulated in this Chapter shall be determined by the water administration departments of the people's governments at or above the county level or by the river basin authorities in accordance with the limits of authority prescribed by the water administration department under the State Council. However, the administrative penalties for public security stipulated in Articles 61 and 62 of this Law shall be determined by the organs specified in the provisions of the Law on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.

第六十四條   國家工作人員，有下列行為之一，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，給予行政處分：

Article 64 Any functionary of a State organ, who commits any of the following acts, if his act constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law; if his act is not serious enough to constitute a crime, he shall be given administrative sanctions:

（一）違反本法第十七條、第十九條、第二十二條第二款、第二十二條第三款、第二十七條或者第三十四條規定，嚴重影響防洪的；

1. to seriously impair flood control in violation of the provisions of Article 17, Article 19, Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 22, Article 27 or Article 34 of this Law;

（二）濫用職權，玩忽職守，徇私舞弊，致使防汛抗洪工作遭受重大損失的；

(II) to abuse his power, neglect his duty, conduct malpractice for selfish ends so as to cause heavy losses to the work of flood control and flood fighting;

（三）拒不執行防禦洪水方案、防汛搶險指令或者蓄滯洪方案、措施、汛期調度運用計劃等防汛調度方案的；

(III) to refuse to implement programmes for protection against floods or to execute instructions for controlling flood and dealing with emergencies, or the programmes and measures for flood storage and detention, or such dispatch schemes as dispatch and operation programmes for a flood season; or

（四）違反本法規定，導致或者加重毗鄰地區或者其他單位洪災損失的。

(IV) to cause or aggravate losses to the neighboring areas or other units during a flood disaster by violating the provisions of this Law.

第八章 附則

Chapter 8 Supplementary Provisions

第六十五條   本法自1998年1月1日起施行。

Article 65 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 1998.