法律文本

中華人民共和國森林法（2009修正）

Forestry Law of the People’s Republic of China (2009 Revision)

(1984年9月20日第六屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第七次會議通過 1984年9月20日 中華人民共和國主席令第十七號公布 根據1998年4月29日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二次會議《關於修改的決定》第一次修正 根據2009年8月27日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十次會議《關於修改部分法律的決定》第二次修正)

(Adopted at the 7th session of the Standing Committee of the 6th National People's Congress on September 20, 1984; promulgated by the Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 17 on September 20, 1984; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Amendment adopted at the 2nd session of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on April 29, 1998; and amended for the second time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws adopted at the 10th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on August 27, 2009)

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了保護、培育和合理利用森林資源，加快國土綠化，發揮森林蓄水保土、調節氣候、改善環境和提供林產品的作用，適應社會主義建設和人民生活的需要，特制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of protecting, cultivating and rationally utilizing forest resources, speeding up afforestation of our land, giving full play to the forests' role of conserving water and soil, moderating the climate, improving the environment and providing forest products, so as to meet the needs of socialist construction and the people's life.

第二條   在中華人民共和國領域內從事森林、林木的培育種植、采伐利用和森林、林木、林地的經營管理活動，都必須遵守本法。

Article 2 Anyone who is engaged in afforestation and cultivation, felling and utilization of forests and trees as well as management and administration of forests, trees and forest land within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall observe this Law.

第三條   森林資源屬於國家所有，由法律規定屬於集體所有的除外。

Article 3 Forest resources, with the exception of those owned by collectives as provided for by law, are owned by the State.

國家所有的和集體所有的森林、林木和林地，個人所有的林木和使用的林地，由縣級以上地方人民政府登記造冊，發放證書，確認所有權或者使用權。國務院可以授權國務院林業主管部門，對國務院確定的國家所有的重點林區的森林、林木和林地登記造冊，發放證書，並通知有關地方人民政府。

Local people's governments at county level and above will draw up a register of State-owned and collectively owned forests, woods and forest lands, as well as woods owned and forest lands used by individuals, and will issue certificates to confirm ownership or usage rights. The State Council may authorize its competent forestry department to have the state-owned forests, trees and forest land in key forest areas defined as such by the State Council registered, issue certificates and notify the matter to the local people's governments concerned.

森林、林木、林地的所有者和使用者的合法權益，受法律保護，任何單位和個人不得侵犯。

The lawful rights and interests of the owners and users of forests, trees and forest land shall be protected by law and may not be infringed upon by any unit or individual.

第四條   森林分為以下五類：

Article 4 Forests are classified into the following five categories:

（一）防護林：以防護為主要目的的森林、林木和灌木叢，包括水源涵養林，水土保持林，防風固沙林，農田、牧場防護林，護岸林，護路林；

1. Shelter forests: forests, woods and bushes with protection as the main aim including water source conservation forests, water and soil conservation forests, Windbreak and sand-fixation forests, farmland and pasture shelter forests, embankment protection forests and highway/road protection forests;

（二）用材林：以生產木材為主要目的的森林和林木，包括以生產竹材為主要目的的竹林；

(II) Timber forests: forests and woods with timber production as the main aim including bamboo forests with production of bamboo materials as the main aim;

（三）經濟林：以生產果品，食用油料、飲料、調料，工業原料和藥材等為主要目的的林木；

(III) Economic forests: forest trees that are mainly used for producing fruits, edible oils, beverages, condiments, industrial raw materials and medicinal materials;

（四）薪炭林：以生產燃料為主要目的的林木；

(IV) Firewood forests: forest trees that are used mainly for producing fuel wood; and

（五）特種用途林：以國防、環境保護、科學實驗等為主要目的的森林和林木，包括國防林、實驗林、母樹林、環境保護林、風景林，名勝古跡和革命紀念地的林木，自然保護區的森林。

(V) Special-purpose forests: forests and woods with national defence, environmental protection and scientific experiments as the main aim including national defence forests, experimental forests, seed forests, environmental protection forests, scenic forests, forest trees at scenic spots and historical sites and revolutionary memorial places and forests in nature reserves.

第五條   林業建設實行以營林為基礎，普遍護林，大力造林，采育結合，永續利用的方針。

Article 5 The guiding principles for forestry development are: put emphasis on forest management, protect forests everywhere, vigorously promote afforestation, coordinate felling with cultivation and ensure the sustained utilization of forest resources.

第六條   國家鼓勵林業科學研究，推廣林業先進技術，提高林業科學技術水平。

Article 6. The State will encourage forestry scientific research, promote forestry advanced technology, and improve the level of forestry science and technology.

第七條   國家保護林農的合法權益，依法減輕林農的負擔，禁止向林農違法收費、罰款，禁止向林農進行攤派和強制集資。

Article 7 The State protects the lawful rights and interests of self-employed tree cultivators, lightens their burdens according to law, forbids illegal imposing of charges and fines on them and forbids imposing of donation quotas on them and raising of funds from among them by compulsory means.

國家保護承包造林的集體和個人的合法權益，任何單位和個人不得侵犯承包造林的集體和個人依法享有的林木所有權利其他合法權益。

The State protects the lawful rights and interests of the collectives and individuals that have contracted for afforestation; no unit or individual may infringe upon the lawful rights and interests enjoyed by them in the ownership of trees and other lawful rights and interests.

第八條   國家對森林資源實行以下保護性措施：

Article 8 The State adopts the following measures to protect forest resources:

（一）對森林實行限額采伐，鼓勵植樹造林、封山育林，擴大森林覆蓋面積；

1. Implementing quota forest felling, encouraging tree planting, mountain closure for afforestation and expanding forest coverage;

（二）根據國家和地方人民政府有關規定，對集體和個人造林、育林給予經濟扶持或者長期貸款；

(II) providing financial support or long-term loans to collectives and individuals for afforestation and facilitation of afforestation in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State and local people's governments;

（三）提倡木材綜合利用和節約使用木材，鼓勵開發、利用木材代用品；

(III) to encourage the all-purpose use and conservation of timber and the development and utilization of timber substitutes;

（四）征收育林費，專門用於造林育林；

(IV) to collect afforestation fees for the exclusive use of tree planting and forest cultivation;

（五）煤炭、造紙等部門，按照煤炭和木漿紙張等產品的產量提取一定數額的資金，專門用於營造坑木、造紙等用材林；

(V) to withdraw a certain amount of funds from the departments of coal and paper making for building timber forests that will be used for mine timber and paper-making according to the output of coal, wood pulp and paper; and

（六）建立林業基金制度。

(VI) establishing a forestry funding system.

國家設立森林生態效益補償基金，用於提供生態效益的防護林和特種用途林的森林資源、林木的營造、撫育、保護和管理。森林生態效益補償基金必須專款專用，不得挪作他用。具體辦法由國務院規定。

The State establishes a compensation fund for the benefit of the forest ecology, which is to be used for the benefit of the afforestation, cultivation, protection and administration of forest resources and trees of the shelter forests and forests for special uses that benefit the ecology. The compensation fund for the benefit of the forest ecology shall be used for no other than the said purposes. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

第九條   國家和省、自治區人民政府，對民族自治地方的林業生產建設，依照國家對民族自治地方自治權的規定，在森林開發、木材分配和林業基金使用方面，給予比一般地區更多的自主權和經濟利益。

Article 9 With regard to forestry production and development in autonomous areas of minority nationalities, the State and the people's governments of the provinces and autonomous regions shall, in accordance with the power of autonomy the State has provided for national autonomous areas, grant these areas greater decision-making power and more economic benefits than other areas in forestry development, timber distribution and use of forest fund.

第十條   國務院林業主管部門主管全國林業工作。縣級以上地方人民政府林業主管部門，主管本地區的林業工作。鄉級人民政府設專職或者兼職人員負責林業工作。

Article 10. The State Council principal forestry department will be responsible for national forestry work. The competent forestry departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for forestry work in their respective areas. Full-time or part-time posts shall be set up in people's governments at the township level to take charge of forestry work.

第十一條   植樹造林、保護森林，是公民應盡的義務。各級人民政府應當組織全民義務植樹，開展植樹造林活動。

Article 11 Planting trees and protecting forests are the bounden duty of every citizen. People's governments at all levels shall organize voluntary tree planting by all citizens and carry out afforestation activities.

第十二條   在植樹造林、保護森林、森林管理以及林業科學研究等方面成績顯著的單位或者個人，由各級人民政府給予獎勵。

Article 12 Units or individuals that have achieved outstanding successes in afforestation, forest protection, forest administration and scientific research in forestry, etc. shall be rewarded by people's governments at different levels.

第二章 森林經營管理

Chapter 2 Forest Management and Administration

第十三條   各級林業主管部門依照本法規定，對森林資源的保護、利用、更新，實行管理和監督。

Article 13 The competent forestry departments at all levels shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, administer and supervise the protection, utilization and regeneration of forest resources.

第十四條   各級林業主管部門負責組織森林資源清查，建立資源檔案制度，掌握資源變化情況。

Article 14 The competent forestry departments at all levels shall be responsible for organizing surveys and keeping files of records on forest resources so as to have a good grasp of the changes in forest resources.

第十五條   下列森林、林木、林地使用權可以依法轉讓，也可以依法作價入股或者作為合資、合作造林、經營林木的出資、合作條件，但不得將林地改為非林地 ：

Article 15 The following forests and trees and the right to use the following forest land may be transferred according to law and they may also be valued and converted as shares or used as funds or conditions for joint or co-operative afforestation or tree management according to law, provided that no forest land is changed into non-forest land:

（一）用材林、經濟林、薪炭林；

1. timber forests, economic forests and fuel forests;

（二）用材林、經濟林、薪炭林的林地使用權；

2. the right to use the land of timber forests, economic forests and fuel forests;

（三）用材林、經濟林、薪炭林的采伐跡地、火燒跡地的林地使用權；

(III) the right to use the cut-over land and cut-over land of timber forests, economic forests and fuel forests; and

（四）國務院規定的其他森林、林木和其他林地使用權。

(IV) the right of use of other forests, woods and other forest lands stipulated by the State Council.

依照前款規定轉讓、作價入股或者作為合資、合作造林、經營林木的出資、合作條件的，已經取得的林木采伐許可證可以同時轉讓，同時轉讓雙方都必須遵守本法關於森林、林木采伐和更新造林的規定。

Where the forests or trees or the right to use the forest land are transferred and where they are valued and converted as shares or used as funds or conditions for joint or co-operative afforestation or tree management in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the licenses obtained for tree felling may be transferred at the same time, the two parties involved shall observe the provisions of this Law governing the felling of forests and trees and reafforestation.

除本條第一款規定的情形外，其他森林、林木和其他林地使用權不得轉讓。

No forests or trees and no right to use forest land other than the ones as provided for in the first paragraph of this Article may be transferred.

具體辦法由國務院規定。

The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

第十六條   各級人民政府應當制定林業長遠規劃。國有林業企業事業單位和自然保護區，應當根據林業長遠規劃，編制森林經營方案，報上級主管部門批準後實行。

Article 16 The people's governments at all levels shall each work out a long-term forestry development plan. State-owned forestry enterprises, institutions and nature reserves should compile forest management schemes in accordance with the long-term forestry planning and submit them to the competent department at the next higher level for approval before implementation.

林業主管部門應當指導農村集體經濟組織和國有的農場、牧場、工礦企業等單位編制森林經營方案。

The competent forestry departments shall provide guidance to rural collective economic organizations, state-owned farms, pastures, industrial enterprises and mines in drawing up their forest management plans.

第十七條   單位之間發生的林木、林地所有權和使用權爭議，由縣級以上人民政府依法處理。

Article 17 Disputes arising between units over ownership or right of use of trees or forest land shall be handled by people's governments at or above the county level according to law.

個人之間、個人與單位之間發生的林木所有權和林地使用權爭議，由當地縣級或者鄉級人民政府依法處理。

Disputes arising between individuals or between individuals and units over ownership of trees or right of use of forest land shall be handled by local people's governments at the county or township level according to law.

當事人對人民政府的處理決定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起一個月內，向人民法院起訴。

If a party refuses to accept the decision of the people's government, it may file a suit in a People's Court within one month after receiving notification of the decision.

在林木、林地權屬爭議解決以前，任何一方不得砍伐有爭議的林木。

Pending a settlement of the dispute over woods and forest land ownership, no Party shall fell the woods in dispute.

第十八條   進行勘查、開采礦藏和各項建設工程，應當不占或者少占林地；必須占用或者征收、征用林地的，經縣級以上人民政府林業主管部門審核同意後，依照有關土地管理的法律、行政法規辦理建設用地審批手續，並由用地單位依照國務院有關規定繳納森林植被恢複費。森林植被恢複費專款專用，由林業主管部門依照有關規定統一安排植樹造林，恢複森林植被，植樹造林面積不得少於因占用、征收、征用林地而減少的森林植被面積。上級林業主管部門應當定期督促、檢查下級林業主管部門組織植樹造林、恢複森林植被的情況。

Article 18 No forest land or only a small tract of forest land may be used for prospecting or exploiting mineral resources or for constructing projects. Where it is necessary to use or expropriate or requisition forest land, the unit that wishes to use the land shall, after examination and approval by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level, go through the examination and approval formalities for the use of the land for construction in accordance with laws and administrative rules and regulations regarding land administration and pay forest vegetation recovery fees in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State Council. Forest vegetation recovery fees shall be used for no other purposes; the competent forestry department shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, make unified arrangement for afforestation and forest vegetation recovery, and the afforestation area shall be no smaller than the forest vegetation area to be used or expropriated or requisitioned. The competent forestry department at a higher level shall, at regular intervals, supervise and inspect afforestation and forest vegetation recovery arranged by it.

任何單位和個人不得挪用森林植被恢複費。縣級以上人民政府審計機關應當加強對森林植被恢複費使用情況的監督。

No unit or individual may divert the forest vegetation recovery fees for other purposes. Auditing organs of the people's governments at or above the county level shall exercise strict supervision over the use of the forest vegetation recovery fees.

第三章 森林保護

Chapter 3 Forest Protection

第十九條   地方各級人民政府應當組織有關部門建立護林組織，負責護林工作；根據實際需要在大面積林區增加護林設施，加強森林保護；督促有林的和林區的基層單位，訂立護林公約，組織群眾護林，劃定護林責任區，配備專職或者兼職護林員。

Article 19 Local people's governments at various levels shall make arrangements for the relevant departments to set up organizations to be responsible for forest protection. They shall, in light of the actual needs, increase facilities in large forest areas for their effective protection, urge grass-roots units which own forests or which are located in forest areas to formulate forest protection pledges, mobilize the masses to protect the forests, delimit the areas of responsibility for forest protection and appoint full-time or part-time forest guards.

護林員可以由縣級或者鄉級人民政府委任。護林員的主要職責是：巡護森林，制止破壞森林資源的行為。對造成森林資源破壞的，護林員有權要求當地有關部門處理。

Forest guards may be appointed by people's governments at the county or township level. The main duties of forest rangers are: patrol the forest and stop the destruction of forest resources. Forest guards shall have the right to request the local departments concerned to deal with persons who cause damage to forest resources.

第二十條   依照國家有關規定在林區設立的森林公安機關，負責維護轄區社會治安秩序，保護轄區內的森林資源，並可以依照本法規定，在國務院林業主管部門授權的範圍內，代行本法第三十九條、第四十二條、第四十三條、第四十四條規定的行政處罰權。

Article 20 Forestry public security organs, established in forest areas in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, are in charge of maintaining public order and protecting the forest resources in the areas under their jurisdiction, and they may also, acting in accordance with the provisions of this Law and within the limits of their power authorized by the competent forestry department under the State Council, exercise the right of imposing administrative penalties as provided for in Articles 39, 42, 43 and 44 of this Law.

武裝森林警察部隊執行國家賦予的預防和撲救森林大災的任務。

The Armed Forest Police Force performs the tasks entrusted by the State to prevent and fight against major forest disasters.

第二十一條   地方各級人民政府應當切實做好森林火災的預防和撲救工作：

Article 21 Local people's governments at various levels shall adopt practical measures to prevent and fight forest fires:

（一）規定森林防火期，在森林防火期內，禁止在林區野外用火；因特殊情況需要用火的，必須經過縣級人民政府或者縣級人民政府授權的機關批準；

1. fix fire prevention periods in forests. During such periods, it is forbidden to use fire in the open air in a forest area. If the use of fire is necessary under special circumstances, prior approval shall be obtained from the people's government at the county level or from the agency it authorized;

（二）在林區設置防火設施；

2. install fire prevention facilities in forest regions;

（三）發生森林火災，必須立即組織當地軍民和有關部門撲救；

(III) immediately mobilize the local military and civilians as well as departments concerned to fight forest fires; and

（四）因撲救森林火災負傷、致殘、犧牲的，國家職工由所在單位給予醫療、撫恤；非國家職工由起火單位按照國務院有關主管部門的規定給予醫療、撫恤，起火單位對起火沒有責任或者確實無力負擔的，由當地人民政府給予醫療、撫恤。

(IV) in case that a person is wounded, disabled or killed in fighting forest fire, the unit to which he belongs shall provide medical treatment or pensions if the person is an employee of a State unit; in case that the person wounded, disabled or killed is not a State employee, the unit where the fire broke out shall, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant competent departments under the State Council, provide the medical treatment or pensions; in case the unit where the fire broke out bears no responsibility for the fire or is really incapable of bearing, the local people's government shall provide the medical treatment or pensions.

第二十二條   各級林業主管部門負責組織森林病蟲害防治工作。

Article 22 The competent forestry departments at various levels shall be responsible for making arrangements for prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests in the forests.

林業主管部門負責規定林木種苗的檢疫對象，劃定疫區和保護區，對林木種苗進行檢疫。

The competent forestry departments shall be responsible for determining the categories of forest tree seeds and seedlings that should be quarantined, designating quarantine zones and protection zones and carrying out quarantine on forest tree seeds and seedlings.

第二十三條   禁止毀林開墾和毀林采石、采砂、采土以及其他毀林行為。

Article 23 It is forbidden to disafforest for purposes of reclaiming land, quarrying stone and digging sand or earth as well as other purposes.

禁止在幼林地和特種用途林內砍柴、放牧。

Cutting of firewood and grazing in young forest lands and special-purpose forests are prohibited.

進入森林和森林邊緣地區的人員，不得擅自移動或者損壞為林業服務的標志。

Any person entering a forest or its fringe areas shall be forbidden to move or damage without authorization any mark set up in the service of forestry.

第二十四條   國務院林業主管部門和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府，應當在不同自然地帶的典型森林生態地區、珍貴動物和植物生長繁殖的林區、天然熱帶雨林區和具有特殊保護價值的其他天然林區，劃定自然保護區，加強保護管理。

Article 24 The competent department of the State Council for forestry as well as the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, for the purpose of better protection and administration, set up nature reserves in areas with typical forest ecology in different natural zones, forest areas where rare animals and plants propagate, natural tropical rain forests and other natural forest areas calling for special protection.

自然保護區的管理辦法，由國務院林業主管部門制定，報國務院批準施行。

Administrative measures for nature reserves shall be formulated by the competent department of forestry under the State Council and implemented after approval by the State Council.

對自然保護區以外的珍貴樹木和林區內具有特殊價值的植物資源，應當認真保護；未經省、自治區、直轄市林業主管部門批準，不得采伐和采集。

Rare trees growing outside the nature reserves as well as plant species of special value in the forest areas shall be well protected; and none of them may be felled or collected without approval obtained from the competent departments of forestry of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

第二十五條   林區內列為國家保護的野生動物，禁止獵捕；因特殊需要獵捕的，按照國家有關法規辦理。

Article 25 It is forbidden to hunt wild animals that are under State protection in the forest areas. Where such animals have to be hunted for special needs, the matter shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the State.

第四章 植樹造林

Chapter 4 Afforestation

第二十六條   各級人民政府應當制定植樹造林規劃，因地制宜地確定本地區提高森林覆蓋率的奮鬥目標。

Article 26 The people's governments at various levels shall work out afforestation plans and, in light of the specific local conditions, set forth targets for increasing the forest coverage of their own areas.

各級人民政府應當組織各行各業和城鄉居民完成植樹造林規劃確定的任務。

People's governments at all levels should organize all trades and professions and urban and rural residents to fulfill the tasks assigned in the afforestation plans.

宜林荒山荒地，屬於國家所有的，由林業主管部門和其他主管部門組織造林；屬於集體所有的，由集體經濟組織組織造林。

Afforestation on State-owned barren hills and wastelands that are suitable for afforestation shall be organized by the competent forestry departments and other competent departments; afforestation on collectively owned barren hills and wastelands shall be organized by collective economic organizations.

鐵路公路兩旁、江河兩側、湖泊水庫周圍，由各有關主管單位因地制宜地組織造林；工礦區，機關、學校用地，部隊營區以及農場、牧場、漁場經營地區，由各該單位負責造林。

Afforestation of areas on both sides of railways, highways and rivers and around lakes and reservoirs shall be organized by the competent departments concerned in light of the local conditions; afforestation in industrial and mining areas, on grounds occupied by government departments and schools, in army barracks as well as in areas managed by farms, grazing grounds and fishing grounds shall be the responsibility of the said units.

國家所有和集體所有的宜林荒山荒地可以由集體或者個人承包造林。

State-owned and collective-owned barren hills and wastelands suitable for afforestation may be contracted out to collectives or individuals for afforestation.

第二十七條   國有企業事業單位、機關、團體、部隊營造的林木，由營造單位經營並按照國家規定支配林木收益。

Article 27 The trees planted by State-owned enterprises and institutions, government departments, public organizations and army units shall be managed by them and the proceeds therefrom shall be controlled by them in accordance with State regulations.

集體所有制單位營造的林木，歸該單位所有。

Trees planted by units under collective ownership shall be owned by such units.

農村居民在房前屋後、自留地、自留山種植的林木，歸個人所有。城鎮居民和職工在自有房屋的庭院內種植的林木，歸個人所有。

Trees planted by rural residents in front of and behind their houses, on private plots of land and on private hills shall be owned by them. Trees planted by urban residents and staff and workers in the courtyard of their own houses shall be owned by themselves.

集體或者個人承包國家所有和集體所有的宜林荒山荒地造林的，承包後種植的林木歸承包的集體或者個人所有；承包合同另有規定的，按照承包合同的規定執行。

In cases where a collective or an individual contracts to afforest State-owned or collectively owned barren hills or wastelands that are suitable for afforestation, the trees planted pursuant to the contract shall be owned by the said collective or individual; if the contract provides otherwise, the provisions of the contract shall be followed.

第二十八條   新造幼林地和其他必須封山育林的地方，由當地人民政府組織封山育林。

Article 28 Local people's governments shall be responsible for closing the newly cultivated young growth land and the hillsides that must be closed to facilitate afforestation.

第五章 森林采伐

Chapter 5 Forest Felling

第二十九條   國家根據用材林的消耗量低於生長量的原則，嚴格控制森林年采伐量。國家所有的森林和林木以國有林業企業事業單位、農場、廠礦為單位，集體所有的森林和林木、個人所有的林木以縣為單位，制定年采伐限額，由省、自治區、直轄市林業主管部門匯總，經同級人民政府審核後，報國務院批準。

Article 29. The State will strictly control annual forest felling volume based on the principle of the commercial forest consumption being less than forest growth. Annual felling quotas will be formulated by a State-owned forestry enterprise or institutional unit, farm, factory or mine as a unit for State-owned forests and woods, and by a county as a unit for collectively-owned forests and woods and individually-owned woods. The principal forestry department of the province, autonomous region or directly administered municipality will consolidate the quotas and, after the examination and verification by the same level people's government, will submit them to the State Council for approval.

第三十條   國家制定統一的，年度木材生產計劃。年度木材生產計劃不得超過批準的年采伐限額。計劃管理的範圍由國務院規定。

Article 30. The State will formulate uniform annual timber production plans. The annual timber production plan must not exceed the approved annual felling quotas. The scope of plan control shall be defined by the State Council.

第三十一條   采伐森林和林木必須遵守下列規定：

Article 31 The felling of forests and woods must comply with the following provisions:

（一）成熟的樹林應當根據不同情況，分別采取擇伐、皆伐和漸伐方式，皆伐應當嚴格控制，並在采伐的當年或者次年內完成更新造林；

1. For mature timber forests the modes of selective felling, clear felling or gradual felling should be employed in the light of different conditions. Clear felling shall be strictly controlled and reafforestation shall be completed within the same year of felling or the following year.

（二）防護林和特種用途林中的國防林、母樹林、環境保護林、風景林，只準進行撫育和更新性質的采伐；

(II) Only felling in the nature of tending and regeneration is permitted in shelter forests and such special-purpose forests as national defence forests, seed forests, environmental protection forests and scenic forests.

（三）特種用途林中的名勝古跡和革命紀念地的林木、自然保護區的森林，嚴禁采伐。

(III) It is strictly forbidden to fell trees in such forests for special uses as forest trees at scenic and historical sites and places of historic significance in the Chinese revolution as well as the forests in nature reserves.

第三十二條   采伐林木必須申請采伐許可證，按許可證的規定進行采伐；農村居民采伐自留地和房前屋後個人所有的零星林木除外。

Article 32 Anyone who wishes to fell trees shall apply for a felling license and do the felling according to the provisions of the felling license, but exceptions shall be made for rural inhabitants who wish to fell their own trees growing here and there on their private plots or around their houses.

國有林業企業事業單位、機關、團體、部隊、學校和其他國有企業事業單位采伐林木，由所在地縣級以上林業主管部門依照有關規定審核發放采伐許可證。

State-owned forestry enterprises and institutions, government departments, public organizations, army units, schools as well as other State-owned enterprises and institutions that wish to fell trees shall be issued felling licenses, after examination and in accordance with relevant regulations, by the competent forestry departments at or above the county level in the places where they are located.

鐵路、公路的護路林和城鎮林木的更新采伐，由有關主管部門依照有關規定審核發放采伐許可證。

When felling protective belts along railways and roads, or the regeneration felling of urban and township woods is carried out, the relevant principal department will examine and verify the application, and issue a felling permit in accordance with relevant regulations.

農村集體經濟組織采伐林木，由縣級林業主管部門依照有關規定審核發放采伐許可證。

When rural collective economic organisations fell timber, the county level principal forestry department will examine and verify the application, and issue a felling permit in accordance with relevant regulations.

農村居民采伐自留山和個人承包集體的林木，由縣級林業主管部門或者其委托的鄉、鎮人民政府依照有關規定審核發放采伐許可證。

When rural residents fell timber on private hillsides and individuals contract to fell collectively-owned timber, the county level principal forestry department or the village or township people's government commissioned by the county level principal forestry department will examine and verify the application, and issue a felling permit in accordance with relevant regulations.

采伐以生產竹材為主要目的的竹林，適用以上各款規定。

The provisions of the paragraphs above shall apply to the felling of bamboo in bamboo forests cultivated mainly for producing bamboo timber.

第三十三條   審核發放采伐許可證的部門，不得超過批準的年采伐限額發放采伐許可證。

Article 33. Departments which examine, verify and issue felling permits must not exceed the approved annual felling quota when issuing felling permits.

第三十四條   國有林業企業事業單位申請采伐許可證時，必須提出伐區調查設計文件。其他單位申請采伐許可證時，必須提出有關采伐的目的、地點、林種、林況、面積、蓄積、方式和更新措施等內容的文件。

Article 34 When applying for felling licenses, State-owned forestry enterprises and institutions shall submit documents of survey and design of the felling area. When any other unit applies for a felling license, it must submit documents which state the felling purpose, location, type of forest, forest conditions, area of land, amount of forest retained, felling method, regeneration measures, etc.

對伐區作業不符合規定的單位，發放采伐許可證的部門有權收繳采伐許可證，中止其采伐，直到糾正為止。

The department which issued the felling license shall have the right to revoke the license of a unit which, in violation of the regulations, carries out felling operations in an felling area, to suspend its felling operations until it is rectified.

第三十五條   采伐林木的單位或者個人，必須按照采伐許可證規定的面積、株數、樹種、期限完成更新造林任務，更新造林的面積和株數不得少於采伐的面積和株數。

Article 35 Units or individuals that are to fell trees shall complete the task of reforestation in terms of the area, number of trees, types of trees and time limit as provided for in the felling licenses, and the area of reforestation and the number of trees required to be planted shall be no smaller than the original area and the number of trees felled.

第三十六條   林區木材的經營和監督管理辦法，由國務院另行規定。

Article 36 Measures for the management, supervision and administration of timber in forest areas shall be separately formulated by the State Council.

第三十七條   從林區運出木材，必須持有林業主管部門發給的運輸證件，國家統一調撥的木材除外。

Article 37 A transport license issued by the competent forestry department shall be required for transporting timber out of a forest area, except for timber under unified distribution by the State.

依法取得采伐許可證後，按照許可證的規定采伐的木材，從林區運出時，林業主管部門應當發給運輸證件。

After the issue of a felling permit in accordance with the law, the principal forestry department must issue a transportation certificate when transporting out of the forest area timber which has been felled pursuant to the provisions of the felling permit.

經省、自治區、直轄市人民政府批準，可以在林區設立木材檢查站，負責檢查木材運輸。對未取得運輸證件或者物資主管部門發給的調撥通知書運輸木材的，木材檢查站有權制止。

With the approval of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, timber inspection stations may be set up in forest areas to be responsible for the inspection of timber transportation. A timber inspection station will have the right to stop anyone who transports timber without a transportation permit or allocation notice issued by the principal commodities department.

第三十八條   國家禁止限制出口珍貴樹木及其制品、衍生物。禁止、限制出口的珍貴樹木及其制品、衍生物的名錄和年度限制出口總量，由國務院林業主管部門會同國務院有關部門制定，報國務院批準。

Article 38 The State prohibits or restricts the export of rare and precious trees and their products and derivatives. The State Council principal forestry department, in conjunction with other relevant State Council departments, will formulate a catalogue of rare trees and their products and derivatives whose export is prohibited or restricted, and the total annual restricted export volume, and will submit these to the State Council for approval.

出口前款規定限制出口的珍貴樹木或者其制品、衍生物的，必須經出口人所在地省、自治區、直轄市人民政府林業主管部門審核，報國務院林業主管部門批準，海關憑國務院林業主管部門的批準文件放行。進出口的樹木或者其制品、衍生物屬於中國參加的國際公約限制進出口的瀕危物種的，並必須向國家瀕危物種進出口管理機構申請辦理允許進出口證明書，海關並憑允許進出口證明書放行。

A party which wants to export rare trees or their products or derivatives whose export is restricted by the State must, subject to examination and verification of its application by the principal forestry department of the provincial, autonomous region or directly administered municipal people's government in the exporter's locality, apply to the State Council principal forestry department for approval. Customs will base its release of the goods on presentation of the approval documents issued by the State Council principal forestry department. If trees or their products or derivatives for import or export are regarded as endangered species whose import and export is restricted under an international treaty to which China has acceded, an application must also be made to the State endangered species import and export administrative organ to obtain an authorised import or export certificate. Customs will base its release of the goods on presentation of the authorised import or export certificate.

第六章 法律責任

Chapter 6 Legal Liabilities

第三十九條   盜伐森林或者其他林木的，依法賠償損失；由林業主管部門責令補種盜伐株數十倍的樹木，沒收盜伐的林木或者變賣所得，並處盜伐林木價值三倍以上十倍以下的罰款。

Article 39 Whoever illegally fells trees, bamboo, etc. shall compensate for the losses according to law; the competent forestry department shall order him to plant ten times the number of trees illegally felled, confiscate the trees illegally felled or the gains from the sale of them, and fine him not less than three times but not more than ten times the value of the trees illegally felled.

濫伐森林或者其他林木，由林業主管部門責令補種濫伐株數五倍的樹木，並處濫伐林木價值二倍以上五倍以下的罰款。

Whoever indiscriminately fells trees, bamboo, etc. shall be ordered by the competent forestry department to plant five times the number of trees, etc. indiscriminately felled and shall be fined not less than two times but not more than five times the value of the trees, etc. indiscriminately felled.

拒不補種樹木或者補種不符合國家有關規定的，由林業主管部門代為補種，所需費用由違法者支付。

Where a person who violates the law refuses to replant trees or fails to do so in compliance with the regulations of the State, the competent forestry department shall do the replanting instead, and the person shall pay the expense thus incurred.

盜伐、濫伐森林或者其他林木，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Where the unlawful felling or denudation of forests or other woods constitutes a crime, criminal liability will be pursued in accordance with the law.

第四十條   違反本法規定，非法采伐、毀壞珍貴樹木的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 40 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, illegally fells or damages rare trees shall be investigated of criminal liability in accordance with law.

第四十一條   違反本法規定，超過批準的年采伐限額發放林木采伐許可證或者超越職權發放林木采伐許可證、木材運輸證件、批準出口文件、允許進出口證明書的，由上一級人民政府林業主管部門責令糾正，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予行政處分；有關人民政府林業主管部門未予糾正的，國務院林業主管部門可以直接處理；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 41. Where the provisions of this Law are violated through the issue of forest felling permits in excess of the approved annual felling quota or through the issue of forest felling permits, timber transportation certificates, export approval documents or authorised import or export certificates outside an authority's powers of office, the principal forestry department of the people's government at the next highest level will order the matter to be rectified and will, in accordance with the law, impose administrative penalties on the principal persons in charge and the persons directly responsible. If the principal forestry department of the relevant people's government fails to rectify the matter, the State Council principal forestry department may handle the matter directly. If a case constitutes a crime, criminal liability will be pursued in accordance with the law.

第四十二條   違反本法規定，買賣林木采伐許可證、木材運輸證件、批準出口文件、允許進出口證明書的，由林業主管部門沒收違法買賣的證件、文件和違法所得，並處違法買賣證件、文件的價款一倍以上三倍以下的罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 42 Where a person, in violation of the provisions of this Law, buys or sells tree felling licenses, timber transportation certificates, export permission documents or import and export permission certificates, the competent forestry department shall confiscate the said licenses, certificates or documents and the illegal gains therefrom and fine him not less than one time but not more than three times the money spent on illegally buying or gained from illegally selling such licenses, certificates or documents. If the violation constitutes a crime, the person shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

偽造林木采伐許可證、木材運輸證件、批準出口文件、允許進出口證明書的，依法追究刑事責任。

Whoever forges tree felling licenses, timber transportation certificates, export approval documents and import and export permission certificates shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

第四十三條   在林區非法收購明知是盜伐、濫伐的林木的，由林業主管部門責令停止違法行為，沒收違法收購的盜伐、濫伐的林木或者變賣所得，可以並處違法收購林木的價款一倍以上三倍以下的罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 43 Where a person illegally buys trees in a forest area while clearly knowing that they are illegally or indiscriminately felled, the competent forestry department shall order him to stop buying the trees, or confiscate the illegally or indiscriminately felled trees he illegally buys or the gains he obtains from selling them, and it may also fine him not less than one time but not more than three times the money he spends on illegally buying the trees. If a crime is constituted, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

第四十四條   違反本法規定，進行開墾、采石、采砂、采土、采種、采脂和其他活動，致使森林、林木受到毀壞的，依法賠償損失；由林業主管部門責令停止違法行為，補種毀壞株數一倍以上三倍以下的樹木，可以處毀壞林木價值一倍以上五倍以下的罰款。

Article 44 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, reclaims land, quarries stone, digs sand or earth, gathers seeds or resin or engages in other activities and thereby causes damage to forests and trees shall compensate the losses according to law; the competent forestry department shall order him to stop violating the provisions and to replant not less than one time but not more than three times the number of trees damaged, and it may also fine him not less than one time but not more than five times the value of the forests and trees damaged.

違反本法規定，在幼林地和特種用途林內砍柴、放牧致使森林、林木受到毀壞的，依法賠償損失；由林業主管部門責令停止違法行為，補種毀壞株數一倍以上三倍以下的樹木。

Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, cuts firewood or grazes animals in young growth areas and forests for special uses and thereby causes damage to the forests and trees shall compensate the losses according to law; the competent forestry department shall order him to stop violating the provisions and to replant not less than one time but not more than three times the number of trees damaged.

拒不補種樹木或者補種不符合國家有關規定的，由林業主管部門代為補種，所需費用由違法者支付。

Where a person who violates the law refuses to replant trees or fails to do so in compliance with the regulations of the State, the competent forestry department shall do the replanting instead, and the person shall pay the expense thus incurred.

第四十五條   采伐林木的單位或者個人沒有按照規定完成更新造林任務的，發放采伐許可證的部門有權不再發給采伐許可證，直到完成更新造林任務為止；情節嚴重的，可以由林業主管部門處以罰款，對直接責任人員由所在單位或者上級主管機關給予行政處分。

Article 45 Where lumbering units or individuals fail to accomplish their tasks of regeneration of forests as required, the departments issuing felling licenses shall have the right to stop issuing them such licenses until they fulfill the tasks. If the circumstances are serious, they may be fined by the competent forestry department, and the persons who are directly responsible shall be given administrative sanctions by the units to which they belong or by the competent department at the higher level.

第四十六條   從事森林資源保護、林業監督管理工作的林業主管部門的工作人員和其他國家機關的有關工作人員濫用職權、玩忽職守、徇私舞弊，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，依法給予行政處分。

Article 46 Any member of the competent forestry department for protection of forest resources and for forestry supervision and administration or any functionary of other State organs concerned who abuses his power, neglects his duty or engages in malpractices for personal gain, if the case constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law; if the case is not serious enough to constitute a crime, he shall be given administrative sanction according to law.

第七章 附則

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第四十七條   國務院林業主管部門根據本法制定實施辦法，報國務院批準施行。

Article 47. The State Council principal forestry department will formulate implementing measures in accordance with this Law for implementation subject to the approval by the State Council.

第四十八條   民族自治地方不能全部適用本法規定的，自治機關可以根據本法的原則，結合民族自治地方的特點，制定變通或者補充規定，依照法定程序報省、自治區或者全國人民代表大會常務委員會批準施行。

Article 48 Where the provisions of this Law cannot be completely applied in national autonomous areas, the organs of self-government there may, in light of the principles of this Law and the characteristics of those areas, formulate adoptive or supplementary provisions, which shall be submitted according to the legally prescribed procedure to the standing committee of the provincial or autonomous regional people's congress or to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval before they are implemented.

第四十九條   本法自1985年1月1日起施行。

Article 49 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 1985.