法律文本

中華人民共和國婦女權益保障法（2018修正）

Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women (2018 Revision)

（1992年4月3日第七屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議通過 根據2005年8月28日第十屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十七次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國婦女權益保障法〉的決定》第一次修正 根據2018年10月26日第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第六次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國野生動物保護法〉等十五部法律的決定》第二次修正）

(Adopted at the 5th Session of the 7th National People 's Congress on April 3, 1992; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Revising the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women at the 17th Session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on August 28, 2005; and amended for the second time according to the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Revising 15 Laws including the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife at the 6th Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on October 26, 2018)

目  錄

Contents

  第一章 總  則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 政治權利

CHAPTER 2 POLITICAL RIGHTS

  第三章 文化教育權益

Chapter III Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and Education

  第四章 勞動和社會保障權益

Chapter 4 Rights and Interests Relating to Labor and Social Security

  第五章 財產權益

Chapter 5 Rights and Interests Relating to Property

  第六章 人身權利

Chapter 6 Rights of the Person

  第七章 婚姻家庭權益

Chapter 7 Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and Family

  第八章 法律責任

Chapter 8 Legal Liabilities

  第九章 附  則

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了保障婦女的合法權益，促進男女平等，充分發揮婦女在社會主義現代化建設中的作用，根據憲法和我國的實際情況，制定本法。

Article 1 In accordance with the Constitution and the actual conditions of the country, this Law is formulated to protect women's lawful rights and interests, promote the equality between men and women and allow full play to women's role in socialist modernization.

第二條   婦女在政治的、經濟的、文化的、社會的和家庭的生活等各方面享有同男子平等的權利。

Article 2 Women shall enjoy equal rights with men in all aspects of political, economic, cultural, social and family life.

實行男女平等是國家的基本國策。國家采取必要措施，逐步完善保障婦女權益的各項制度，消除對婦女一切形式的歧視。

Equality between men and women is a basic state policy. The State shall take necessary measures to gradually improve various systems for the protection of the rights and interests of women, in order to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women.

國家保護婦女依法享有的特殊權益。

The State shall protect the special rights and interests enjoyed by women according to law.

禁止歧視、虐待、遺棄、殘害婦女。

Discriminating against, maltreating, abandoning, and physically abusing women are prohibited.

第三條   國務院制定中國婦女發展綱要，並將其納入國民經濟和社會發展規劃。

Article 3 The State Council shall formulate a program for the development of Chinese women and shall incorporate it into the plan on the national economy and social development.

縣級以上地方各級人民政府根據中國婦女發展綱要，制定本行政區域的婦女發展規劃，並將其納入國民經濟和社會發展計劃。

Local people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the outline for the development of Chinese women, formulate programs for the development of women in their respective administrative regions and include the programs in their national economic and social development plans.

第四條   保障婦女的合法權益是全社會的共同責任。國家機關、社會團體、企業事業單位、城鄉基層群眾性自治組織，應當依照本法和有關法律的規定，保障婦女的權益。

Article 4 The protection of women's lawful rights and interests is a common responsibility of the whole society. State organs, public organizations, enterprises, institutions and urban and rural mass organizations of self-government at the grass-roots level shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws, protect women's rights and interests.

國家采取有效措施，為婦女依法行使權利提供必要的條件。

The State shall take effective measures to provide necessary conditions for women to exercise their rights according to law.

第五條   國家鼓勵婦女自尊、自信、自立、自強，運用法律維護自身合法權益。

Article 5 The State shall encourage women to cultivate a sense of self-respect, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-strengthening, and to safeguard their own lawful rights and interests by utilizing law.

婦女應當遵守國家法律，尊重社會公德，履行法律所規定的義務。

Women shall abide by the laws of the State, respect social morality and perform their obligations prescribed by law.

第六條   各級人民政府應當重視和加強婦女權益的保障工作。

Article 6 The people's governments at all levels shall attach importance to and strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of women.

縣級以上人民政府負責婦女兒童工作的機構，負責組織、協調、指導、督促有關部門做好婦女權益的保障工作。

Institutions in charge of work for women and children under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible to organize, coordinate, direct and urge the relevant departments concerned to ensure the protection of women's rights and interests.

縣級以上人民政府有關部門在各自的職責範圍內做好婦女權益的保障工作。

The relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, within the scope of their duties, ensure the protection of women's rights and interests.

第七條   中華全國婦女聯合會和地方各級婦女聯合會依照法律和中華全國婦女聯合會章程，代表和維護各族各界婦女的利益，做好維護婦女權益的工作。

Article 7 The All-China Women's Federation and local women's federations at various levels shall, in accordance with law and the Constitution of the All-China Women's Federation, represent and uphold the interests of women of all nationalities and all walks of life, and strive to safeguard the rights and interests of women.

工會、共產主義青年團，應當在各自的工作範圍內，做好維護婦女權益的工作。

The trade unions and the communist youth leagues shall, within the scope of their respective work, strive to safeguard the rights and interests of women.

第八條   對保障婦女合法權益成績顯著的組織和個人，各級人民政府和有關部門給予表彰和獎勵。

Article 8 People's governments at various levels and relevant departments shall commend and award the organizations and individuals that have made notable achievements in the protection of women's lawful rights and interests.

第二章 政治權利

CHAPTER 2 POLITICAL RIGHTS

第九條   國家保障婦女享有與男子平等的政治權利。

Article 9 The State shall guarantee that women enjoy equal political rights with men.

第十條   婦女有權通過各種途徑和形式，管理國家事務，管理經濟和文化事業，管理社會事務。

Article 10 Women have the right to conduct State affairs, manage economic and cultural undertakings and administer social affairs through various channels and in various ways.

制定法律、法規、規章和公共政策，對涉及婦女權益的重大問題，應當聽取婦女聯合會的意見。

When any law, rule, regulation or public policy concerning the important issues related to the rights and interests of women is formulated, the opinions of the women's federations shall be taken into account.

婦女和婦女組織有權向各級國家機關提出婦女權益保障方面的意見和建議。

Women and women's organizations shall have the right to advance their opinions and suggestions to State organs at various levels with regard to the protection of the rights and interests of women.

第十一條   婦女享有與男子平等的選舉權和被選舉權。

Article 11 Women shall enjoy the equal right, with men, to vote and to stand for election.

全國人民代表大會和地方各級人民代表大會的代表中，應當有適當數量的婦女代表。國家采取措施，逐步提高全國人民代表大會和地方各級人民代表大會的婦女代表的比例。

Among deputies to the National People 's Congress and local people's congresses at various levels, there shall be an appropriate number of women deputies. The State takes measures to gradually increase the proportion of women deputies among deputies to the National People 's Congress and local people's congresses at various levels.

居民委員會、村民委員會成員中，婦女應當有適當的名額。

Among members of the residents' committees and villagers' committees, there shall be an appropriate number of women members.

第十二條   國家積極培養和選拔女幹部。

Article 12 The State shall actively train and select female cadres.

國家機關、社會團體、企業事業單位培養、選拔和任用幹部，必須堅持男女平等的原則，並有適當數量的婦女擔任領導成員。

State organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions shall, in training, selecting and appointing cadres, adhere to the principle of equality between men and women, and there shall be an appropriate number of women leading members.

國家重視培養和選拔少數民族女幹部。

The State attaches importance to the training and selection of female cadres of minority nationalities.

第十三條   中華全國婦女聯合會和地方各級婦女聯合會代表婦女積極參與國家和社會事務的民主決策、民主管理和民主監督。

Article 13 The All-China Women's Federation and local women's federations at various levels shall, on behalf of women, actively participate in the democratic decision-making, management and supervision of the State and social affairs.

各級婦女聯合會及其團體會員，可以向國家機關、社會團體、企業事業單位推薦女幹部。

Women's federations at various levels and their member organizations may recommend female cadres to State organs, public organizations, enterprises or institutions.

第十四條   對於有關保障婦女權益的批評或者合理建議，有關部門應當聽取和采納；對於有關侵害婦女權益的申訴、控告和檢舉，有關部門必須查清事實，負責處理，任何組織或者個人不得壓制或者打擊報複。

Article 14 The departments concerned shall listen to and accept criticisms or rational suggestions regarding the protection of women's rights and interests; with respect to complaints or charges against, or exposures of infringement upon women's rights and interests, the departments concerned must ascertain the facts, and be responsible for their disposition; no organization or individual may suppress such complaints, charges or exposures or resort to retaliation.

第三章 文化教育權益

Chapter III Rights and Interests Relating to Culture and Education

第十五條   國家保障婦女享有與男子平等的文化教育權利。

Article 15 The State shall guarantee that women enjoy equal rights with men with respect to culture and education.

第十六條   學校和有關部門應當執行國家有關規定，保障婦女在入學、升學、畢業分配、授予學位、派出留學等方面享有與男子平等的權利。

Article 16 Schools and departments concerned shall, by implementing the relevant regulations of the State, guarantee that women enjoy equal rights with men in such aspects as starting school, entering a higher school, job assignment upon graduation, conferment of academic degrees and dispatch for study abroad.

學校在錄取學生時，除特殊專業外，不得以性別為由拒絕錄取女性或者提高對女性的錄取標準。

With exception of special subjects, no schools shall, in enrolling students, refuse to enroll women on the pretext of sex or raise the enrollment standards for women.

第十七條   學校應當根據女性青少年的特點，在教育、管理、設施等方面采取措施，保障女性青少年身心健康發展。

Article 17 Schools shall, in line with the characteristics of female adolescents, take measures in such aspects as education, management and facilities so as to ensure female adolescents' sound development in body and in mind.

第十八條   父母或者其他監護人必須履行保障適齡女性兒童少年接受義務教育的義務。

Article 18 Parents or other guardians must perform their duty of ensuring that female school-age children or adolescents receive the compulsory education.

除因疾病或者其他特殊情況經當地人民政府批準的以外，對不送適齡女性兒童少年入學的父母或者其他監護人，由當地人民政府予以批評教育，並采取有效措施，責令送適齡女性兒童少年入學。

Where parents or other guardians fail to send female school-age children or adolescents to school, the local people's governments shall admonish and criticize them and, by adopting effective measures, order them to send their female school-age children or adolescents to school, with the exception of those who, on account of illness or other special circumstances, are allowed by the local people's governments not to go to school.

政府、社會、學校應當采取有效措施，解決適齡女性兒童少年就學存在的實際困難，並創造條件，保證貧困、殘疾和流動人口中的適齡女性兒童少年完成義務教育。

The governments, society and schools shall take effective measures to solve the actual difficulties of female school-age children or adolescents in schooling and create the necessary conditions to ensure that the needy, disabled and migrant female school-age children or adolescents finish compulsory education.

第十九條   各級人民政府應當依照規定把掃除婦女中的文盲、半文盲工作，納入掃盲和掃盲後繼續教育規劃，采取符合婦女特點的組織形式和工作方法，組織、監督有關部門具體實施。

Article 19 People's governments at various levels shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, incorporate the work of elimination of illiteracy or semi-literacy among women into plans for illiteracy elimination and post-elimination education, adopt organizational forms and working methods suitable to women's characteristics, and organize and supervise the relevant departments in the implementation of such plans.

第二十條   各級人民政府和有關部門應當采取措施，根據城鎮和農村婦女的需要，組織婦女接受職業教育和實用技術培訓。

Article 20 People's governments at various levels and departments concerned shall, in light of the need of urban and rural women, take measures to organize women in receiving vocational education and practical technological training.

第二十一條   國家機關、社會團體和企業事業單位應當執行國家有關規定，保障婦女從事科學、技術、文學、藝術和其他文化活動，享有與男子平等的權利。

Article 21 State organs, public organizations, enterprises and institutions shall, by implementing relevant regulations of the State, ensure that women enjoy equal rights with men in their participation in scientific, technological, literary, artistic and other cultural activities.

第四章 勞動和社會保障權益

Chapter 4 Rights and Interests Relating to Labor and Social Security

第二十二條   國家保障婦女享有與男子平等的勞動權利和社會保障權利。

Article 22 The State shall guarantee that women enjoy equal rights, with men, to work and to social security.

第二十三條   各單位在錄用職工時，除不適合婦女的工種或者崗位外，不得以性別為由拒絕錄用婦女或者提高對婦女的錄用標準。

Article 23 With exception of the special types of work or post unsuitable to women, no unit may, in employing staff and workers, refuse to employ women by reason of sex or raise the employment standards for women.

各單位在錄用女職工時，應當依法與其簽訂勞動（聘用）合同或者服務協議，勞動（聘用）合同或者服務協議中不得規定限制女職工結婚、生育的內容。

When employing female workers and staff members, the units shall, according to law, conclude labor (employment) contracts or service agreements with them. The labor (employment) contracts or service agreements shall not contain restrictions on their matrimony and procreation.

禁止錄用未滿十六周歲的女性未成年人，國家另有規定的除外。

It is prohibited to employ female minors under the age of 16, except as otherwise provided by the State.

第二十四條   實行男女同工同酬。婦女在享受福利待遇方面享有與男子平等的權利。

Article 24 Equal pay for equal work shall be applied to men and women alike. Women enjoy equal rights with men in the enjoyment of welfare benefits.

第二十五條   在晉職、晉級、評定專業技術職務等方面，應當堅持男女平等的原則，不得歧視婦女。

Article 25 In such aspects as promotion in post or in rank, evaluation and determination of professional and technological titles, the principle of equality between men and women shall be upheld and discrimination against women shall not be allowed.

第二十六條   任何單位均應根據婦女的特點，依法保護婦女在工作和勞動時的安全和健康，不得安排不適合婦女從事的工作和勞動。

Article 26 All units shall, in line with women's characteristics and according to law, protect women's safety and health during their work or physical labour, and shall not assign them any work or physical labour not suitable to women.

婦女在經期、孕期、產期、哺乳期受特殊保護。

Women shall be under special protection during the menstrual, pregnant, maternity and breast-feeding periods.

第二十七條   任何單位不得因結婚、懷孕、產假、哺乳等情形，降低女職工的工資，辭退女職工，單方解除勞動（聘用）合同或者服務協議。但是，女職工要求終止勞動（聘用）合同或者服務協議的除外。

Article 27 No unit shall reduce the salaries or wages of female workers and staff members, or dismiss them, or unilaterally cancel the labour (or employment) contracts or service agreements with them because they are married, pregnant, on maternity leave or breast-feeding. However, this shall not apply to female employees who request for termination of their labour (employment) contract or service agreement.

各單位在執行國家退休制度時，不得以性別為由歧視婦女。

No entity may discriminate against women for the reason of gender when implementing the retirement system of the state.

第二十八條   國家發展社會保險、社會救助、社會福利和醫療衛生事業，保障婦女享有社會保險、社會救助、社會福利和衛生保健等權益。

Article 28 The State develops social insurance, social relief, social welfare and medical and health services to ensure that women enjoy social insurance, social relief, social welfare and health care services, and other rights and interests.

國家提倡和鼓勵為幫助婦女開展的社會公益活動。

The State shall advocate and encourage the social commonweal activities that aim to help women.

第二十九條   國家推行生育保險制度，建立健全與生育相關的其他保障制度。

Article 29 The State promotes a childbearing insurance system, and establishes other sound security systems relating to childbearing.

地方各級人民政府和有關部門應當按照有關規定為貧困婦女提供必要的生育救助。

Local people's governments at various levels and the departments concerned shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, provide the necessary childbearing relief to needy women.

第五章 財產權益

Chapter 5 Rights and Interests Relating to Property

第三十條   國家保障婦女享有與男子平等的財產權利。

Article 30 The State shall guarantee that women enjoy the equal right, with men, to property.

第三十一條   在婚姻、家庭共有財產關系中，不得侵害婦女依法享有的權益。

Article 31 In joint property relationship derived from marriage or family, the rights and interests enjoyed by women according to law may not be infringed upon.

第三十二條   婦女在農村土地承包經營、集體經濟組織收益分配、土地征收或者征用補償費使用以及宅基地使用等方面，享有與男子平等的權利。

Article 32 Women shall enjoy equal rights with men in contracted management of land, distribution of the earnings of the collective economic organizations, use of the compensations for expropriated or requisitioned land and use of housing sites in rural areas.

第三十三條   任何組織和個人不得以婦女未婚、結婚、離婚、喪偶等為由，侵害婦女在農村集體經濟組織中的各項權益。

Article 33 No organizations or individuals shall infringe upon women's rights and interests in rural collective economic organizations on the pretext of their being single, married, divorced and widowed.

因結婚男方到女方住所落戶的，男方和子女享有與所在地農村集體經濟組織成員平等的權益。

If a man moves to the domicile of a woman for marriage, the man and his children shall enjoy equal rights and interests with the members of the local rural collective economic organization.

第三十四條   婦女享有的與男子平等的財產繼承權受法律保護。在同一順序法定繼承人中，不得歧視婦女。

Article 34 Women's equal right, with men, of succession to property shall be protected by law. Among the statutory successors in the same order, women shall not be discriminated against.

喪偶婦女有權處分繼承的財產，任何人不得幹涉。

Widowed women have the right to dispose of the property inherited by them, and no one may interfere with the disposal thereof.

第三十五條   喪偶婦女對公、婆盡了主要贍養義務的，作為公、婆的第一順序法定繼承人，其繼承權不受子女代位繼承的影響。

Article 35 Widowed women who have made predominant contributions in maintaining their parents-in-law shall be regarded as the statutory successors first in order, and their rights of succession thereto shall not be affected by inheritance in subrogation.

第六章 人身權利

Chapter 6 Rights of the Person

第三十六條   國家保障婦女享有與男子平等的人身權利。

Article 36 The State shall guarantee that women enjoy equal rights with men relating to their persons.

第三十七條   婦女的人身自由不受侵犯。禁止非法拘禁和以其他非法手段剝奪或者限制婦女的人身自由；禁止非法搜查婦女的身體。

Article 37 Women's personal freedom shall be inviolable. Unlawful detention or deprivation or restriction of women's personal freedom by other illegal means is prohibited; and unlawful body search of women is prohibited.

第三十八條   婦女的生命健康權不受侵犯。禁止溺、棄、殘害女嬰；禁止歧視、虐待生育女嬰的婦女和不育的婦女；禁止用迷信、暴力等手段殘害婦女；禁止虐待、遺棄病、殘婦女和老年婦女。

Article 38 Women's right of life and health shall be inviolable. Drowning, abandoning or cruel infanticide in any manner of female babies shall be prohibited; discrimination against or maltreatment of women who gave birth to female babies or women who are sterile shall be prohibited; cruel treatment causing bodily injury to or death of women by means of superstition or violence shall be prohibited; maltreatment or abandonment of women who are ill, disabled or aged shall be prohibited.

第三十九條   禁止拐賣、綁架婦女；禁止收買被拐賣、綁架的婦女；禁止阻礙解救被拐賣、綁架的婦女。

Article 39 Abduction of, trafficking in, or kidnapping of women is prohibited; buying of women who are abducted, trafficked in, or kidnapped is prohibited; obstructing the rescue of women who are abducted, trafficked in, or kidnapped is prohibited.

各級人民政府和公安、民政、勞動和社會保障、衛生等部門按照其職責及時采取措施解救被拐賣、綁架的婦女，做好善後工作，婦女聯合會協助和配合做好有關工作。任何人不得歧視被拐賣、綁架的婦女。

People's governments at various levels and the departments of public security, civil affairs, labor and social security, and health shall, in compliance with their respective duties, take timely measures to rescue women who are abducted, trafficked in, or kidnapped and well settle the problems arising thereafter, and women's federations shall assist and cooperate with the governments and departments in doing a good job of the above. No one shall discriminate against the women who are abducted, trafficked in, or kidnapped.

第四十條   禁止對婦女實施性騷擾。受害婦女有權向單位和有關機關投訴。

Article 40 Sexual harassment against women is prohibited. The female victims shall have the right to file complaints with the units where they work and the departments concerned.

第四十一條   禁止賣淫、嫖娼。

Article 41 Prostitution or whoring shall be prohibited.

禁止組織、強迫、引誘、容留、介紹婦女賣淫或者對婦女進行猥亵活動。

It shall be prohibited to organize, force, induce, shelter or introduce a woman to engage in prostitution or to act indecently against women.

禁止組織、強迫、引誘婦女進行淫穢表演活動。

It shall be prohibited to organize, force or induce women to engage in obscene performances.

第四十二條   婦女的名譽權、榮譽權、隱私權、肖像權等人格權受法律保護。

Article 42 Women's rights of personality, including their right of reputation, right of honor, right of privacy and right of portrait, shall be protected by law.

禁止用侮辱、誹謗等方式損害婦女的人格尊嚴。禁止通過大眾傳播媒介或者其他方式貶低損害婦女人格。未經本人同意，不得以營利為目的，通過廣告、商標、展覽櫥窗、報紙、期刊、圖書、音像制品、電子出版物、網絡等形式使用婦女肖像。

It shall be prohibited to injure women's personal dignity by insult or slander. It shall be prohibited to debase or injure women's personality by mass media or otherwise. Without a woman's own permission, it shall be prohibited to, with a view of making profit, use her portrait in advertisements, trademarks, window display, newspapers, periodicals, books, audio and video products, electronic publications, the internet, etc.

第七章 婚姻家庭權益

Chapter 7 Rights and Interests Relating to Marriage and Family

第四十三條   國家保障婦女享有與男子平等的婚姻家庭權利。

Article 43 The State shall guarantee that women enjoy equal rights with men in marriage and family.

第四十四條   國家保護婦女的婚姻自主權。禁止幹涉婦女的結婚、離婚自由。

Article 44 The State shall protect women's right of self-determination in marriage. Interference with women's freedom to marry or divorce is prohibited.

第四十五條   女方在懷孕期間、分娩後一年內或者終止妊娠後六個月內，男方不得提出離婚。女方提出離婚的，或者人民法院認為確有必要受理男方離婚請求的，不在此限。

Article 45 A husband may not apply for a divorce when his wife is pregnant, or is within one year after the birth of the child, or within six months after the termination of her gestation. This restriction shall not apply in a case where the wife applies for a divorce, or where the people's court deems it necessary to accept the divorce application made by the husband.

第四十六條   禁止對婦女實施家庭暴力。

Article 46 Domestic violence against women is prohibited.

國家采取措施，預防和制止家庭暴力。

The State shall take measures to prevent and stop domestic violence.

公安、民政、司法行政等部門以及城鄉基層群眾性自治組織、社會團體，應當在各自的職責範圍內預防和制止家庭暴力，依法為受害婦女提供救助。

The departments of public security, civil affairs, judicial administration, etc., as well as urban and rural mass organizations of self-government at the grass-roots level and social organizations shall, within the scope of their respective duties, prevent and stop domestic violence, and provide succour to female victims.

第四十七條   婦女對依照法律規定的夫妻共同財產享有與其配偶平等的占有、使用、收益和處分的權利，不受雙方收入狀況的影響。

Article 47 A woman shall enjoy equal rights with her spouse in possessing, utilizing, profiting from and disposing of the property jointly possessed by the husband and wife according to law, which shall not be affected by the status of income of either party.

夫妻書面約定婚姻關系存續期間所得的財產歸各自所有，女方因撫育子女、照料老人、協助男方工作等承擔較多義務的，有權在離婚時要求男方予以補償。

Where the husband and the wife agree in writing that the property acquired separately by them during the period in which they are under contract of marriage is in their separate possession, and the wife has performed more duties in respect of bringing up the child, taking care of the old, assisting the husband in work, etc., she shall, at the time of divorce, have the right to demand compensation from the husband.

第四十八條   夫妻共有的房屋，離婚時，分割住房由雙方協議解決；協議不成的，由人民法院根據雙方的具體情況，按照照顧子女和女方權益的原則判決。夫妻雙方另有約定的除外。

Article 48 At the time of divorce, the husband and the wife shall seek agreement in respect of the disposal of their jointly-owned house (s); if they fail to reach an agreement, the people's court shall make a judgment in light of the actual conditions of both parties and on the principle of favoring their child (children) and the rights and interests of the wife. Unless otherwise agreed by the husband and the wife.

夫妻共同租用的房屋，離婚時，女方的住房應當按照照顧子女和女方權益的原則解決。

In a case where the husband and wife jointly rent a house or a room, at the time of divorce, the wife's housing shall be solved on the principle of taking into consideration their child (children) and the rights and interests of the wife.

第四十九條   父母雙方對未成年子女享有平等的監護權。

Article 49 Both parents shall enjoy the equal right of guardianship of their minor child (children).

父親死亡、喪失行為能力或者有其他情形不能擔任未成年子女的監護人的，母親的監護權任何人不得幹涉。

Where the father is deceased, incapacitated or under any other circumstances that make him unable to act as the guardian of a minor child (children), nobody shall interfere with the mother's right of guardianship.

第五十條   離婚時，女方因實施絕育手術或者其他原因喪失生育能力的，處理子女撫養問題，應在有利子女權益的條件下，照顧女方的合理要求。

Article 50 At the time of divorce, where the wife becomes sterile because of the sterilization operation or for any other reasons, the issue of bringing up the child (children) shall be handled in favor of the wife's reasonable demands on the condition of benefiting the rights and interests of the child (children).

第五十一條   婦女有按照國家有關規定生育子女的權利，也有不生育的自由。

Article 51 Women have the right to child-bearing in accordance with relevant regulations of the State as well as the freedom not to bear any child.

育齡夫妻雙方按照國家有關規定計劃生育，有關部門應當提供安全、有效的避孕藥具和技術，保障實施節育手術的婦女的健康和安全。

Where a couple of child-bearing age practice family planning according to the relevant regulations of the State, the departments concerned shall provide safe and effective contraceptives and techniques, and ensure the health and safety of the woman receiving any birth-control operation.

國家實行婚前保健、孕產期保健制度，發展母嬰保健事業。各級人民政府應當采取措施，保障婦女享有計劃生育技術服務，提高婦女的生殖健康水平。

The State implements a pre-marital health care and maternal health care system and develops maternal and infant health care undertakings. People's governments at various levels shall take measures to ensure women's access to technical services for family planning in order to improve their reproductive health.

第八章 法律責任

Chapter 8 Legal Liabilities

第五十二條   婦女的合法權益受到侵害的，有權要求有關部門依法處理，或者依法向仲裁機構申請仲裁，或者向人民法院起訴。

Article 52 When a woman's lawful rights and interests are infringed upon, she has the right to request the department concerned for disposition according to law, or according to law, apply to an arbitral body for arbitration, or bring a lawsuit in a people's court.

對有經濟困難需要法律援助或者司法救助的婦女，當地法律援助機構或者人民法院應當給予幫助，依法為其提供法律援助或者司法救助。

Where a woman in strained circumstances needs legal aid or judicial relief, the local legal aid institution or people's court shall help her and provide her with legal aid or judicial relief in accordance with law.

第五十三條   婦女的合法權益受到侵害的，可以向婦女組織投訴，婦女組織應當維護被侵害婦女的合法權益，有權要求並協助有關部門或者單位查處。有關部門或者單位應當依法查處，並予以答複。

Article 53 When a woman's lawful rights and interests are infringed upon, she may file a complaint with a women's organization, which shall safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the victim and have the right to request and assist the department or unit concerned to investigate and deal with the case. The relevant department or unit shall investigate and deal with the case according to law, and give a reply.

第五十四條   婦女組織對於受害婦女進行訴訟需要幫助的，應當給予支持。

Article 54 A women's organization shall support the women victims who need help in litigation.

婦女聯合會或者相關婦女組織對侵害特定婦女群體利益的行為，可以通過大眾傳播媒介揭露、批評，並有權要求有關部門依法查處。

With regard to an act infringing upon the interests of a particular group of women, the women's federations or the relevant women's organizations may expose and criticize it through the mass media and shall have the right to require the relevant department to investigate and punish it.

第五十五條   違反本法規定，以婦女未婚、結婚、離婚、喪偶等為由，侵害婦女在農村集體經濟組織中的各項權益的，或者因結婚男方到女方住所落戶，侵害男方和子女享有與所在地農村集體經濟組織成員平等權益的，由鄉鎮人民政府依法調解；受害人也可以依法向農村土地承包仲裁機構申請仲裁，或者向人民法院起訴，人民法院應當依法受理。

Article 55 Where a violation of the provisions of this Law infringing upon the rights and interests of a woman in the rural collective economic organization under the excuse that she hasn't got married, is married, is divorced or has lost her spouse, or in the event that the husband settles at the domicile of his wife, the equality of the husband and the child (children) in enjoying the same rights and interests as those enjoyed by the members of the local rural collective economic organization is infringed upon, the town people's government shall mediate in accordance with the law. The victim may also, in accordance with the law, apply for arbitration to the rural land contracting arbitration institution, or file a lawsuit to the people's court, the people's court shall accept the case in accordance with the law.

第五十六條   違反本法規定，侵害婦女的合法權益，其他法律、法規規定行政處罰的，從其規定；造成財產損失或者其他損害的，依法承擔民事責任；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 56 Where administrative sanctions are prescribed by other laws and regulations for the infringement upon the lawful rights and interests of women in violation of the provisions of this Law, the provisions of those laws and regulations shall prevail; where such an infringement causes loss of property or other damages, the violator shall bear civil liabilities according to law; if a crime is constituted, criminal liabilities shall be investigated for according to law.

第五十七條   違反本法規定，對侵害婦女權益的申訴、控告、檢舉，推诿、拖延、壓制不予查處，或者對提出申訴、控告、檢舉的人進行打擊報複的，由其所在單位、主管部門或者上級機關責令改正，並依法對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員給予行政處分。

Article 57 Where a person, in violation of the provisions of this Law, evades, delays or suppresses the investigation and disposition of a complaint, a charge or an exposure regarding the infringement upon the rights and interests of a woman, or retaliates against the person who makes the complaint or charge or offers the exposure, the unit to which he or she belongs or the department in charge at a higher level shall instruct him or her to rectify and shall, in accordance with law, give administrative sanctions to the leading person directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible.

國家機關及其工作人員未依法履行職責，對侵害婦女權益的行為未及時制止或者未給予受害婦女必要幫助，造成嚴重後果的，由其所在單位或者上級機關依法對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員給予行政處分。

Where a state organ or any of its staff members fails to perform its duties, fails to timely stop an infringement upon the rights and interests of a woman or fails to give necessary help to a woman victim and thus causes any serious consequences, the entity of the aforesaid staff members or the superior organ shall give an administrative sanction to the directly liable person-in-charge and other directly liable persons.

違反本法規定，侵害婦女文化教育權益、勞動和社會保障權益、人身和財產權益以及婚姻家庭權益的，由其所在單位、主管部門或者上級機關責令改正，直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員屬於國家工作人員的，由其所在單位或者上級機關依法給予行政處分。

Where a person, in violation of the provisions of this Law, infringes upon women's rights and interests relating to culture and education, to work and social security, to the person and property, and to marriage and family, the unit where the person belongs or the department in charge at a higher level shall instruct him to rectify; and the persons who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible, if they are State functionaries, shall be given administrative sanctions according to law by the units where they belong or by an organ at a higher level.

第五十八條   違反本法規定，對婦女實施性騷擾或者家庭暴力，構成違反治安管理行為的，受害人可以提請公安機關對違法行為人依法給予行政處罰，也可以依法向人民法院提起民事訴訟。

Article 58 Where a person, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits sexual harassment or domestic violence against a woman, if such act constitutes a violation of the regulations for administration of public security, the victim may apply to a public security organ for an administrative sanction against the violator according to law, and may also bring a civil suit in a people's court according to law.

第五十九條   違反本法規定，通過大眾傳播媒介或者其他方式貶低損害婦女人格的，由文化、廣播電視、電影、新聞出版或者其他有關部門依據各自的職權責令改正，並依法給予行政處罰。

Article 59 Where an entity, in violation of the provisions of this Law, decries and damages a woman's personality through the mass media or by other means, the department of culture, radio and television, film, press and publication or a relevant department shall, in compliance with their respective functions and powers, instruct it to rectify and give it an administrative sanction according to law.

第九章 附 則

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

第六十條   省、自治區、直轄市人民代表大會常務委員會可以根據本法制定實施辦法。

Article 60 The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in accordance with this Law, formulate measures for its implementation.

民族自治地方的人民代表大會，可以依據本法規定的原則，結合當地民族婦女的具體情況，制定變通的或者補充的規定。自治區的規定，報全國人民代表大會常務委員會批準後生效；自治州、自治縣的規定，報省、自治區、直轄市人民代表大會常務委員會批準後生效，並報全國人民代表大會常務委員會備案。

The people's congresses of national autonomous areas may formulate regulations with appropriate adaptations or supplements in accordance with the principles laid down in this Law and in light of the specific conditions of the national women in respective areas. The regulations formulated by autonomous regions shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval before going into effect; the regulations formulated by autonomous prefectures or autonomous counties shall be submitted to the standing committees of the people's congresses of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions, or the municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval before going into effect, and shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.

第六十一條   本法自1992年10月1日起施行。

Article 61 This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 1992.