法律文本

中華人民共和國人民陪審員法

Law of the People's Republic of China on People's Jurors

中華人民共和國主席令第四號

Order of the President No.4

《中華人民共和國人民陪審員法》已由中華人民共和國第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二次會議於2018年4月27日通過，現予公布，自公布之日起施行。

The Law of the People's Republic of China on People's Jurors, adopted at the Second Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on April 27, 2018, is hereby promulgated, effective as of the date of promulgation.

中華人民共和國主席 習近平

President Xi Jinping

2018年4月27日

27 April 2018

（2018年4月27日第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二次會議通過）

(Adopted at the Second Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on April 27, 2018)

第一條   為了保障公民依法參加審判活動，促進司法公正，提升司法公信，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated to guarantee citizens' participation in judicial activities according to law, promote judicial justice and boost the credibility of justice.

第二條   公民有依法擔任人民陪審員的權利和義務。

Article 2 A citizen is entitled to and obligated to serve as a people's juror according to the law.

人民陪審員依照本法產生，依法參加人民法院的審判活動，除法律另有規定外，同法官有同等權利。

People's assessors shall be appointed in accordance with this Law, participate in judicial activities held by people's courts according to law and enjoy equal rights with the judges, unless otherwise provided by laws.

第三條   人民陪審員依法享有參加審判活動、獨立發表意見、獲得履職保障等權利。

Article 3 People's jurors are entitled to participate in judicial activities, voice their opinions independently, and receive a guarantee for their duty performance, according to the law.

人民陪審員應當忠實履行審判職責，保守審判秘密，注重司法禮儀，維護司法形象。

People's jurors shall perform their judicial functions in a faithful manner, keep judicial secrets, pay attention to judicial protocol and maintain the judicial image.

第四條   人民陪審員依法參加審判活動，受法律保護。

Article 4 The participation of a people's juror in judicial activities according to the law shall be protected by the law.

人民法院應當依法保障人民陪審員履行審判職責。

People's courts shall, in accordance with the law, ensure that people's jurors are able to perform their judicial functions.

人民陪審員所在單位、戶籍所在地或者經常居住地的基層群眾性自治組織應當依法保障人民陪審員參加審判活動。

The units to which people's jurors belong and the grassroots mass autonomous organizations at the places of their registered permanent residences or habitual residences shall ensure according to the law that people's jurors can participate in judicial activities.

第五條   公民擔任人民陪審員，應當具備下列條件：

Article 5 A citizen serving as a people's juror shall meet the following conditions:

（一）擁護中華人民共和國憲法；

1. uphold the Constitution of the People's Republic of China;

（二）年滿二十八周歲；

(II) having reached the age of 28 years old;

（三）遵紀守法、品行良好、公道正派；

(III) Observing disciplines and laws, being of good conduct, and being impartial and upright; and

（四）具有正常履行職責的身體條件。

(IV) Be physically able to perform normal duties.

擔任人民陪審員，一般應當具有高中以上文化程度。

A people's juror shall generally have the educational background of senior high school or above.

第六條   下列人員不能擔任人民陪審員：

Article 6 None of the following persons shall serve as a people's juror:

（一）人民代表大會常務委員會的組成人員，監察委員會、人民法院、人民檢察院、公安機關、國家安全機關、司法行政機關的工作人員；

1. members of the standing committee of a people's congress, and functionaries in supervisory commissions, people's courts, people's procuratorates, public security organs, State security organs or judicial administration organs;

（二）律師、公證員、仲裁員、基層法律服務工作者；

2. lawyers, notaries, arbitrators, and grassroots workers offering legal services;

（三）其他因職務原因不適宜擔任人民陪審員的人員。

(III) Other personnel who are not appropriate to serve as people's jurors due to their posts.

第七條   有下列情形之一的，不得擔任人民陪審員：

Article 7 A person shall not serve as a people's juror under any of the following circumstances,

（一）受過刑事處罰的；

1. having been subjected to criminal punishment;

（二）被開除公職的；

2. Having been discharged from public employment;

（三）被吊銷律師、公證員執業證書的；

(III) Having their practicing certificates for lawyers or notaries revoked;

（四）被納入失信被執行人名單的；

4. the investor has been included in the list of dishonest parties subject to enforcement;

（五）因受懲戒被免除人民陪審員職務的；

(V) Where the individual has been dismissed from the post as a people's juror for being disciplined; or

（六）其他有嚴重違法違紀行為，可能影響司法公信的。

(VI) Having any other serious violation of law or discipline that may affect the credibility of justice.

第八條   人民陪審員的名額，由基層人民法院根據審判案件的需要，提請同級人民代表大會常務委員會確定。

Article 8 As to the number of people's jurors, a basic people's court shall, depending on the needs for hearing cases, advance a request to the standing committee of the people's congress at the same level for a decision.

人民陪審員的名額數不低於本院法官數的三倍。

The number of people's assessors shall be no less than three times the number of judges of the court.

第九條   司法行政機關會同基層人民法院、公安機關，從轄區內的常住居民名單中隨機抽選擬任命人民陪審員數五倍以上的人員作為人民陪審員候選人，對人民陪審員候選人進行資格審查，征求候選人意見。

Article 9 The judicial administration organ will, in concert with the grassroots people's court and the public security organ, select at random individuals from the list of permanent residents within the jurisdiction, the number of whom shall be over five times the people's jurors to be appointed, as candidates for this post, examine the qualification of such candidates for people's jurors, and seek the opinions of such candidates.

第十條   司法行政機關會同基層人民法院，從通過資格審查的人民陪審員候選人名單中隨機抽選確定人民陪審員人選，由基層人民法院院長提請同級人民代表大會常務委員會任命。

Article 10 A judicial administration organ will, in concert with a grassroots people's court, select at random from the list of candidates for people's jurors, who pass the qualification examination, as people's jurors; and the list of the selected people's jurors shall be submitted by the president of the grassroots people's court to the standing committee of the people's congress at the same level for appointment.

第十一條   因審判活動需要，可以通過個人申請和所在單位、戶籍所在地或者經常居住地的基層群眾性自治組織、人民團體推薦的方式產生人民陪審員候選人，經司法行政機關會同基層人民法院、公安機關進行資格審查，確定人民陪審員人選，由基層人民法院院長提請同級人民代表大會常務委員會任命。

Article 11 Candidates for people's jurors shall be determined by means of personal applications or recommended by the entities to which they belong, grassroots mass autonomous organizations at the place of their registered household residences or habitual residences, or people's groups, if it is necessary for judicial activities; the judicial administration organ will, in concert with the grassroots people's court and the public security organ, look into whether they are qualified for this post and work out a list of people's jurors which will be submitted by the president of the grassroots people's court to the standing committee of the people's congress at the same level for appointment.

依照前款規定產生的人民陪審員，不得超過人民陪審員名額數的五分之一。

People's jurors appointed under the preceding paragraph shall be up to one fifth of the given quota of people's jurors.

第十二條   人民陪審員經人民代表大會常務委員會任命後，應當公開進行就職宣誓。宣誓儀式由基層人民法院會同司法行政機關組織。

Article 12 Once appointed by the standing committee of the people's congress, people's jurors shall take the oath of office in a public manner. The oath-taking ceremony shall be organized by the grassroots people's court in concert with the judicial administration organ.

第十三條   人民陪審員的任期為五年，一般不得連任。

Article 13 The term of office for a people's juror shall be five years, and a people's juror is not allowed to serve for a second term of office in general.

第十四條   人民陪審員和法官組成合議庭審判案件，由法官擔任審判長，可以組成三人合議庭，也可以由法官三人與人民陪審員四人組成七人合議庭。

Article 14 Where it is of necessity to have people's jurors and judges form a collegiate panel to hear a case, a three-person collegiate panel may be formed, with a judge acting as the chief judge, or a seven-person collegiate panel may be formed by three judges and four people's jurors.

第十五條   人民法院審判第一審刑事、民事、行政案件，有下列情形之一的，由人民陪審員和法官組成合議庭進行：

Article 15 When trying criminal, civil and administrative cases of first instance, a people's court shall instruct people's jurors and judges to form a collegiate panel, under any of the following circumstances,

（一）涉及群體利益、公共利益的；

1. Where the case involves a group interest or public interest;

（二）人民群眾廣泛關注或者其他社會影響較大的；

2. Where the case sparks wide public concerns or causes relatively major social impacts;

（三）案情複雜或者有其他情形，需要由人民陪審員參加審判的。

(III) Where the case requires the participation of people's jurors in trials, due to the complicated facts of the case or under other necessary circumstances.

人民法院審判前款規定的案件，法律規定由法官獨任審理或者由法官組成合議庭審理的，從其規定。

When the people's court hears a case of any kind as provided in the preceding paragraph, if the laws provide that such case shall be tried solely by a judge or by the collegiate panel made up of several judges, such provisions shall prevail.

第十六條   人民法院審判下列第一審案件，由人民陪審員和法官組成七人合議庭進行：

Article 16 The trial of the following cases of first instance by the people's court shall be conducted by a seven-person collegiate panel composed of people's jurors and judges,

（一）可能判處十年以上有期徒刑、無期徒刑、死刑，社會影響重大的刑事案件；

1. A criminal case with great social impacts in which the suspect is likely to be sentenced to over ten years, life imprisonment or even death;

（二）根據民事訴訟法、行政訴訟法提起的公益訴訟案件；

2. cases of public interest litigation instituted under the Civil Procedure Law or the Administrative Procedure Law;

（三）涉及征地拆遷、生態環境保護、食品藥品安全，社會影響重大的案件；

(III) A case with great social impacts which involves the expropriation of land and demolition, eco-environmental protection, or food or drug safety;

（四）其他社會影響重大的案件。

4. other cases with great social influence.

第十七條   第一審刑事案件被告人、民事案件原告或者被告、行政案件原告申請由人民陪審員參加合議庭審判的，人民法院可以決定由人民陪審員和法官組成合議庭審判。

Article 17 Where the defendant in a criminal case of first instance, the plaintiff or defendant in a civil case of first instance, or the plaintiff in an administrative case, applies for the participation of the people's jurors in a collegiate bench for trial, the people's court may decide to instruct the people's jurors and judges to form a collegiate bench for trial.

第十八條   人民陪審員的回避，適用審判人員回避的法律規定。

Article 18 The withdrawal of people's jurors shall be subject to the legal provisions on the withdrawal of judicial officers.

第十九條   基層人民法院審判案件需要由人民陪審員參加合議庭審判的，應當在人民陪審員名單中隨機抽取確定。

Article 19 Where the trial of a case by a grassroots people's court needs to be conducted by a collegiate panel with the participation of people's jurors, such people's jurors shall be selected at random from the name list of people's jurors.

中級人民法院、高級人民法院審判案件需要由人民陪審員參加合議庭審判的，在其轄區內的基層人民法院的人民陪審員名單中隨機抽取確定。

Where the trial of a case by an intermediate people's court or a high people's court needs to be conducted by a collegiate panel with the participation of people's jurors, such people's jurors shall be selected at random from the name list of people's jurors applicable to the grassroots people's court within its jurisdiction.

第二十條   審判長應當履行與案件審判相關的指引、提示義務，但不得妨礙人民陪審員對案件的獨立判斷。

Article 20 The chief judge shall perform his guiding and prompting obligations relating to the trial of a case but shall not interfere with the independent judgment of people's jurors over the case.

合議庭評議案件，審判長應當對本案中涉及的事實認定、證據規則、法律規定等事項及應當注意的問題，向人民陪審員進行必要的解釋和說明。

Where a collegiate panel is formed to deliberate on a case, the chief judge shall give necessary explanations and illustration of certain matters in the case, such as ascertainment of facts, evidence-related rules and legal provisions, and other noteworthy issues.

第二十一條   人民陪審員參加三人合議庭審判案件，對事實認定、法律適用，獨立發表意見，行使表決權。

Article 21 When participating in the trial of a case as a member in a three-person collegiate panel, a people's juror shall independently voice his or her opinions of the ascertainment of facts and the application of laws, and exercise their voting right in this regard.

第二十二條   人民陪審員參加七人合議庭審判案件，對事實認定，獨立發表意見，並與法官共同表決；對法律適用，可以發表意見，但不參加表決。

Article 22 When participating in the trial of a case as a member of a seven-person collegiate panel, a people's juror shall independently voice his or her opinions of the ascertainment of facts and exercise their voting right in this regard together with judges; as to the application of laws, the people's juror may voice his or her opinions, but may not cast a vote.

第二十三條   合議庭評議案件，實行少數服從多數的原則。人民陪審員同合議庭其他組成人員意見分歧的，應當將其意見寫入筆錄。

Article 23 When deliberating a case, a collegial panel shall observe the rule of majority. Where there is a divergence of opinion between a people's juror and other members in the collegial panel, the people's juror's different opinions shall be recorded.

合議庭組成人員意見有重大分歧的，人民陪審員或者法官可以要求合議庭將案件提請院長決定是否提交審判委員會討論決定。

In the case of a substantial divergence of opinion between members of the collegial panel, the people's juror or the judge may request the collegial panel to submit the case to the president of the people's court and let the president decide whether to deliver the case to the judicial committee for discussion and decision.

第二十四條   人民法院應當結合本轄區實際情況，合理確定每名人民陪審員年度參加審判案件的數量上限，並向社會公告。

Article 24 A people's court shall, in light of the local actualities within its jurisdiction, set a reasonable upper limit for cases in which each people's juror may participate per annum, and announce the same to the general public.

第二十五條   人民陪審員的培訓、考核和獎懲等日常管理工作，由基層人民法院會同司法行政機關負責。

Article 25 Routine management work for people's jurors, such as training, assessment, incentives and punishment, shall be undertaken by the grassroots people's court in concert with the judicial administration organ.

對人民陪審員應當有計劃地進行培訓。人民陪審員應當按照要求參加培訓。

The training for people's jurors shall be carried out in a planned way. People's jurors shall participate in the training as required.

第二十六條   對於在審判工作中有顯著成績或者有其他突出事跡的人民陪審員，依照有關規定給予表彰和獎勵。

Article 26 People's jurors who have achieved significant successes or other outstanding performance during their judicial work shall be commended and rewarded under applicable rules.

第二十七條   人民陪審員有下列情形之一，經所在基層人民法院會同司法行政機關查證屬實的，由院長提請同級人民代表大會常務委員會免除其人民陪審員職務：

Article 27 Where a people's juror falls under any of the following circumstances, which are proved to be true through investigation by the grassroots people's court in which he or she serves in this capacity, together with the judicial administration organ, the president of such grassroots people's court shall request the standing committee of the people's congress at the same level to dismiss the people's juror from service:

（一）本人因正當理由申請辭去人民陪審員職務的；

1. Where the people's juror himself or herself applies to resign from the post of people's juror with justified reasons;

（二）具有本法第六條、第七條所列情形之一的；

2. any of the circumstances stipulated in Articles 6 and 7 of this Law;

（三）無正當理由，拒絕參加審判活動，影響審判工作正常進行的；

(III) Where the people's juror refuses to participate in judicial activities without justified reasons, thus affecting the normal process of the judicial work;

（四）違反與審判工作有關的法律及相關規定，徇私舞弊，造成錯誤裁判或者其他嚴重後果的。

(IV) violating laws and relevant provisions on trial work, or playing favoritism and committing irregularities, which results in wrong judgment or other serious consequences.

人民陪審員有前款第三項、第四項所列行為的，可以采取通知其所在單位、戶籍所在地或者經常居住地的基層群眾性自治組織、人民團體，在轄區範圍內公開通報等措施進行懲戒；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Where a people's juror is found to be committing the act as specified in the third or fourth item in the preceding paragraph, certain actions, such as notifying the entity to which the people's juror belongs, or the grassroots mass autonomous organization or the people's group at the place of his or her registered permanent residence or habitual residence, of such behavior, and circulating a notice of such behavior within the local jurisdiction, may be taken to discipline him or her; where a crime is constituted, his or her criminal liability shall be investigated and pursued.

第二十八條   人民陪審員的人身和住所安全受法律保護。任何單位和個人不得對人民陪審員及其近親屬打擊報複。

Article 28 The personal safety of a people's juror and the safety of his home shall be protected by the law. No entity or individual may retaliate against any people's juror as well as his close relatives.

對報複陷害、侮辱誹謗、暴力侵害人民陪審員及其近親屬的，依法追究法律責任。

Any party that retaliates against, frames, insults, defames or violently attacks a people's juror as well as his close relatives will be investigated according to the law for legal liability.

第二十九條   人民陪審員參加審判活動期間，所在單位不得克扣或者變相克扣其工資、獎金及其他福利待遇。

Article 29 During the period when a people's juror participates in judicial activities, his employer shall not withhold or withhold in disguised form, his wages, bonuses and other welfare benefits.

人民陪審員所在單位違反前款規定的，基層人民法院應當及時向人民陪審員所在單位或者所在單位的主管部門、上級部門提出糾正意見。

Where the entity to which a people's juror belongs violates the provisions stipulated in the preceding paragraph, the grassroots people's court shall offer a proposal for corrective actions in due time to such entity or the competent authority or the superior department of such entity.

第三十條   人民陪審員參加審判活動期間，由人民法院依照有關規定按實際工作日給予補助。

Article 30 During the period when a people's juror participates in judicial activities, the people's court shall offer subsidies based on the number of actual working days in accordance with applicable rules.

人民陪審員因參加審判活動而支出的交通、就餐等費用，由人民法院依照有關規定給予補助。

With respect to the expenses paid for the transportation and meals by the people's juror in order to participate in judicial activities, the people's court shall offer subsidies in accordance with applicable rules.

第三十一條   人民陪審員因參加審判活動應當享受的補助，人民法院和司法行政機關為實施人民陪審員制度所必需的開支，列入人民法院和司法行政機關業務經費，由相應政府財政予以保障。具體辦法由最高人民法院、國務院司法行政部門會同國務院財政部門制定。

Article 31 The subsidies, which people's jurors are entitled to for their participation in judicial activities, and the expenses, which are entailed for the implementation of the people's juror regime by people's courts and judicial administration organs, shall be itemized respectively as the operating expenditures of people's courts and the judicial administrative organs, and the corresponding governments shall guarantee such expenditures. Specific measures shall be formulated by the Supreme People's Court and the judicial administration department under the State Council in conjunction with the finance department under the State Council.

第三十二條   本法自公布之日起施行。2004年8月28日第十屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十一次會議通過的《全國人民代表大會常務委員會關於完善人民陪審員制度的決定》同時廢止。

Article 32 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation. The Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Improving the People's Juror Regime, adopted at the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress on August 28, 2004, shall be repealed simultaneously.