法律文本

中華人民共和國締結條約程序法

Procedure for the Conclusion of Treaties Law of the People's Republic of China

（1990年12月28日第七屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十七次會議通過 1990年12月28日中華人民共和國主席令第37號公布 自公布之日起施行）

(Adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress and promulgated by Order of the President of the People's Republic of China No.37 on December 28, 1990)

第一條   根據中華人民共和國憲法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China.

第二條   本法適用於中華人民共和國同外國締結的雙邊和多邊條約、協定和其他具有條約、協定性質的文件。

Article 2 This Law shall apply to bilateral and multilateral treaties and agreements and other documents of a treaty or agreement-type nature concluded between the People's Republic of China and foreign countries.

第三條   中華人民共和國國務院，即中央人民政府，同外國締結條約和協定。

Article 3 The State Council, that is, the Central People's Government, of the People's Republic of China shall conclude treaties and agreements with foreign states.

中華人民共和國全國人民代表大會常務委員會決定同外國締結的條約和重要協定的批準和廢除。

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China shall decide on the ratification and abrogation of treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign states.

中華人民共和國主席根據全國人民代表大會常務委員會的決定，批準和廢除同外國締結的條約和重要協定。

The President of the People's Republic of China shall approve and abrogate treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign states, pursuant to the resolutions of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

中華人民共和國外交部在國務院領導下管理同外國締結條約和協定的具體事務。

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China shall, under the leadership of the State Council, administer the specific affairs concerning the conclusion of treaties and agreements with foreign states.

第四條   中華人民共和國以下列名義同外國締結條約和協定：

Article 4 The People's Republic of China shall conclude treaties and agreements with foreign states in the name of:

（一）中華人民共和國；

1. the People's Republic of China;

（二）中華人民共和國政府；

(II) to the Government of the People's Republic of China;

（三）中華人民共和國政府部門；

(III) to a Government department of the People's Republic of China;

第五條   談判和簽署條約、協定的決定程序如下：

Article 5 The decision to negotiate and sign treaties and agreements shall be made according to the following procedures:

（一）以中華人民共和國名義談判和簽署條約、協定，由外交部或者國務院有關部門會同外交部提出建議並擬訂條約、協定的中方草案，報請國務院審核決定；

1. in the case of a treaty or agreement to be negotiated and signed in the name of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall make a recommendation and draw up a draft treaty or agreement of the Chinese side and submit it to the State Council for examination and decision;

（二）以中華人民共和國政府名義談判和簽署條約、協定，由外交部提出建議並擬訂條約、協定的中方草案，或者由國務院有關部門提出建議並擬訂條約、協定的中方草案，同外交部會商後，報請國務院審核決定。屬於具體業務事項的協定，經國務院同意，協定的中方草案由國務院有關部門審核決定，必要時同外交部會商；

(II) in the case of a treaty or agreement to be negotiated and signed in the name of the Government of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council shall make a recommendation and draw up a draft treaty or agreement of the Chinese side and, after consultation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, submit it to the State Council for examination and decision. In the case of an agreement concerning a specific line of business, its Chinese draft shall, with the consent of the State Council, be examined and decided upon by the relevant department under the State Council or when necessary in consultation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

（三）以中華人民共和國政府部門名義談判和簽署屬於本部門職權範圍內事項的協定，由本部門決定或者本部門同外交部會商後決定；涉及重大問題或者涉及國務院其他有關部門職權範圍的，由本部門或者本部門同國務院其他有關部門會商後，報請國務院決定。協定的中方草案由本部門審核決定，必要時同外交部會商。

(III) Agreements to be negotiated and signed in the name of a governmental department of the People's Republic of China concerning matters within the scope of functions and powers of the department shall be decided upon by the department itself or after consultation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. If such agreements involve major issues or the scope of functions and powers of other relevant departments under the State Council, the department itself or the department shall, after consultation with other relevant departments under the State Council, submit the agreements to the State Council for decision. The draft agreement of the Chinese side shall be examined and decided upon by the department concerned or when necessary in consultation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

經國務院審核決定的條約、協定的中方草案，經談判需要作重要改動的，重新報請國務院審核決定。

If, as the result of negotiations, major amendments need to be made to a Chinese party's draft treaty or agreement which was subject to examination, verification and approval by the State Council, the amended draft shall be resubmitted to the State Council for further examination, verification and resolution.

第六條   談判和簽署條約、協定的代表按照下列程序委派：

Article 6 Representatives for negotiating and signing treaties or agreements shall be appointed according to the following procedures:

（一）以中華人民共和國名義或者中華人民共和國政府名義締結條約、協定，由外交部或者國務院有關部門報請國務院委派代表。代表的全權證書由國務院總理簽署，也可以由外交部長簽署；

1. In the case of a treaty or agreement to be concluded in the name of the People's Republic of China or Government of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council shall submit a report to the State Council for the appointment of a representative. The full powers of the Representative shall be signed by the Premier of the State Council, but may also be signed by the Minister for Foreign Affairs;

（二）以中華人民共和國政府部門名義締結協定，由部門首長委派代表。代表的授權證書由部門首長簽署。部門首長簽署以本部門名義締結的協定，各方約定出具全權證書的，全權證書由國務院總理簽署，也可以由外交部長簽署。

(II) In the case of an agreement to be concluded in the name of a Government department of the People's Republic of China, a representative shall be appointed by the head of the department. The certificate of authorization for the representative shall be signed by the head of the department. When an agreement is concluded in the name of a department and signed by the said department head and the various participants agree on the issuing of full powers, the full powers shall be signed by the Premier of the State Council or by the Minister for Foreign Affairs.

下列人員談判、簽署條約、協定，無須出具全權證書：

The following persons shall dispense with full powers for negotiating and signing treaties and agreements:

（一）國務院總理、外交部長；

1. the Premier of the State Council, the Minister of Foreign Affairs;

（二）談判、簽署與駐在國締結條約、協定的中華人民共和國駐該國使館館長，但是各方另有約定的除外；

2. the head of a diplomatic mission of the People's Republic of China who negotiates and signs treaties and agreements concluded between China and the state to which he is accredited, unless it is otherwise agreed by the contracting parties;

（三）談判、簽署以本部門名義締結協定的中華人民共和國政府部門首長，但是各方另有約定的除外；

(III) the head of a Government department of the People's Republic of China who negotiates and signs the agreements concluded in the name of his department, unless it is otherwise agreed by the parties;

（四）中華人民共和國派往國際會議或者派駐國際組織，並在該會議或者該組織內參加條約、協定談判的代表，但是該會議另有約定或者該組織章程另有規定的除外。

(IV) the person, dispatched to an international conference or accredited to an international organization by the People's Republic of China, who is at the same time the representative for negotiating treaties or agreements in that conference or organization, unless it is otherwise agreed by the conference or otherwise provided for in the constitution of the organization.

第七條   條約和重要協定的批準由全國人民代表大會常務委員會決定。

Article 7 The approval of treaties and major agreements shall be determined by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

前款規定的條約和重要協定是指：

The treaties and important agreements referred to in the preceding paragraph are as follows:

（一）友好合作條約、和平條約等政治性條約；

1. treaties of friendship and cooperation, treaties of peace and other treaties of a political nature;

（二）有關領土和劃定邊界的條約、協定；

(II) treaties and agreements relating to territory and delimitation of boundary lines;

（三）有關司法協助、引渡的條約、協定；

3. treaties and agreements relating to judicial assistance and extradition;

（四）同中華人民共和國法律有不同規定的條約、協定；

(IV) treaties and agreements which contain stipulations inconsistent with the laws of the People's Republic of China;

（五）締約各方議定須經批準的條約、協定；

(V) treaties and agreements which are subject to ratification as agreed by the contracting parties;

（六）其他須經批準的條約、協定。

6. other treaties and agreements subject to ratification.

條約和重要協定簽署後，由外交部或者國務院有關部門會同外交部，報請國務院審核；由國務院提請全國人民代表大會常務委員會決定批準；中華人民共和國主席根據全國人民代表大會常務委員會的決定予以批準。

After the signing of a treaty or an important agreement, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the relevant State Council department in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall submit the treaty or agreement to the State Council for examination and verification. The State Council shall then request the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to determine its approval and the President of the People's Republic of China shall grant approval pursuant to the resolution of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

雙邊條約和重要協定經批準後，由外交部辦理與締約另一方互換批準書的手續；多邊條約和重要協定經批準後，由外交部辦理向條約、協定的保存國或者國際組織交存批準書的手續。批準書由中華人民共和國主席簽署，外交部長副署。

After the approval of a bilateral treaty or major bilateral agreement, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall undertake procedures with the other party for the exchange of documents of approval. After the approval of a multilateral treaty or major multilateral agreement, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall undertake procedures with the relevant custodial State or international organization for the handover of documents of approval. The instrument of ratification shall be signed by the President of the People's Republic of China and signed by the Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs.

第八條   本法第七條第二款所列範圍以外的國務院規定須經核準或者締約各方議定須經核準的協定和其他具有條約性質的文件簽署後，由外交部或者國務院有關部門會同外交部，報請國務院核準。

Article 8 After the signing of an agreement or other document of a treaty-type nature not included within the scope of paragraph 2 of Article 7 of this Law, but subject to ratification as stipulated by the State Council or as agreed on by its various participants, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the relevant State Council department in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall submit it to the State Council for examination and approval.

協定和其他具有條約性質的文件經核準後，屬於雙邊的，由外交部辦理與締約另一方互換核準書或者以外交照會方式相互通知業已核準的手續；屬於多邊的，由外交部辦理向有關保存國或者國際組織交存該核準書的手續。核準書由國務院總理簽署，也可以由外交部長簽署。

After the ratification of an agreement or another document of a treaty-type nature, if it is bilateral, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall undertake procedures with the other party for the exchange of documents of ratification or, in the style of a diplomatic delivery, the two parties shall notify each other that the said agreement has already been ratified. In the case of a multilateral agreement or document, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall undertake procedures with the relevant custodial State or international organization for the handover of documents of ratification. The instrument of approval shall be signed by the Premier of the State Council, but may also be signed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

第九條   無須全國人民代表大會常務委員會決定批準或者國務院核準的協定簽署後，除以中華人民共和國政府部門名義締結的協定由本部門送外交部登記外，其他協定由國務院有關部門報國務院備案。

Article 9 After the signing of an agreement which does not require a resolution of approval from the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or ratification by the State Council, the details of the agreement shall be reported to the State Council by relevant State Council department, except in the case of an agreement signed in the name of a Government department of the People's Republic of China which shall be set by the department to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for registration.

第十條   締約雙方為使同一條約、協定生效需要履行的國內法律程序不同的，該條約、協定於締約雙方完成各自法律程序並以外交照會方式相互通知後生效。

Article 10 If the two contracting parties need to go through different domestic legal procedures for the entry into force of a same treaty or agreement, the said treaty or agreement shall enter into force after the accomplishment by the two parties of their respective legal procedures and the mutual notification by diplomatic notes.

前款所列條約、協定簽署後，應當區別情況依照本法第七條、第八條、第九條的規定辦理批準、核準、備案或者登記手續。通知照會的手續由外交部辦理。

After the signing of a treaty or agreement as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, procedures for approval, ratification, the filing of details and registration shall be carried out as required pursuant to the provisions of Articles 7, 8 and 9 of this Law. Notification procedures shall be handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

第十一條   加入多邊條約和協定，分別由全國人民代表大會常務委員會或者國務院決定。

Article 11 Participation in multilateral treaties and agreements shall be determined by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or the State Council.

加入多邊條約和協定的程序如下：

The procedure for acceding to multilateral treaties and agreements shall be as follows:

（一）加入屬於本法第七條第二款所列範圍的多邊條約和重要協定，由外交部或者國務院有關部門會同外交部審查後，提出建議，報請國務院審核；由國務院提請全國人民代表大會常務委員會作出加入的決定。加入書由外交部長簽署，具體手續由外交部辦理；

1. to accede to a multilateral treaty or an important multilateral agreement listed in Paragraph 2, Article 7 of this Law, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall make a recommendation after examination and submit it to the State Council for examination and verification; the State Council shall then refer it to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for decision on accession. The instrument of accession shall be signed by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, and the specific formalities executed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;

（二）加入不屬於本法第七條第二款所列範圍的多邊條約、協定，由外交部或者國務院有關部門會同外交部審查後，提出建議，報請國務院作出加入的決定。加入書由外交部長簽署，具體手續由外交部辦理。

(II) to accede to a multilateral treaty or agreement other than those listed in Paragraph 2, Article 7 of this Law, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the department concerned under the State Council in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall make a recommendation after examination and submit it to the State Council for decision on accession. The participation document shall be signed by the Minister for Foreign Affairs and detailed procedures shall be handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

第十二條   接受多邊條約和協定，由國務院決定。

Article 12 The decision to accept a multilateral treaty or an agreement shall be made by the State Council.

經中國代表簽署的或者無須簽署的載有接受條款的多邊條約、協定，由外交部或者國務院有關部門會同外交部審查後，提出建議，報請國務院作出接受的決定。接受書由外交部長簽署，具體手續由外交部辦理。

If a multilateral treaty or agreement signed by a representative of China or not requiring signing contains acceptance provisions, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or a relevant State Council department in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall examine the details, put forward a recommendation and ask the State Council to pass a resolution on acceptance. The instrument of acceptance shall be signed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the specific formalities executed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

第十三條   中華人民共和國同外國締結的雙邊條約、協定，以中文和締約另一方的官方文字寫成，兩種文本同等作準；必要時，可以附加使用締約雙方同意的另一種第三國文字，作為同等作準的第三種正式文本或者作為起參考作用的非正式文本；經締約雙方同意，也可以規定對條約、協定的解釋發生分歧時，以該第三種文本為準。

Article 13. A bilateral treaty or agreement concluded between the People's Republic of China and a foreign country shall be written in Chinese and the language of the other party. The two texts shall hold equal validity. If deemed necessary, a version of the treaty or agreement in a third language agreed on by the two parties may also be attached. This may be considered as a third official version of equal validity or as a non-official version for reference use only. Subject to approval by the two parties, a stipulation may be made that in the event of a difference of opinion over the interpretation of a provision in a treaty or agreement, the third language version shall prevail.

某些屬於具體業務事項的協定，以及同國際組織締結的條約、協定，經締約雙方同意或者依照有關國際組織章程的規定，也可以只使用國際上較通用的一種文字。

Certain agreements on specific business matters and treaties and agreements concluded with international organizations may, subject to approval by the two parties or pursuant to the relevant provisions of the articles of association of the international organization, be written in only one language which is in common use internationally.

第十四條   以中華人民共和國或者中華人民共和國政府名義締結的雙邊條約、協定的簽字正本，以及經條約、協定的保存國或者國際組織核證無誤的多邊條約、協定的副本，由外交部保存；以中華人民共和國政府部門名義締結的雙邊協定的簽字正本，由本部門保存。

Article 14. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall hold custody of the signed originals of bilateral treaties and agreements concluded in the name of the People's Republic of China or the Government of the People's Republic of China, as well as copies of multilateral treaties and agreements ratified by the relevant custodial States or international organisations. The signed original of a bilateral agreement concluded in the name of a Government department of the People's Republic of China shall be kept by the relevant department.

第十五條   經全國人民代表大會常務委員會決定批準或者加入的條約和重要協定，由全國人民代表大會常務委員會公報公布。其他條約、協定的公布辦法由國務院規定。

Article 15 Treaties and major agreements which the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has decided to ratify or accede to shall be promulgated in its bulletin. Measures for the announcement of other treaties and agreements shall be stipulated by the State Council.

第十六條   中華人民共和國締結的條約和協定由外交部編入《中華人民共和國條約集》。

Article 16 Treaties and agreements concluded by the People's Republic of China shall be included in a Collection of Treaties of the People's Republic of China compiled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

第十七條   中華人民共和國締結的條約和協定由外交部按照聯合國憲章的有關規定向聯合國秘書處登記。

Article 17 Treaties and agreements concluded by the People's Republic of China shall be registered with the United Nations Secretariat pursuant to the relevant provisions of the United Nations Charter.

中華人民共和國締結的條約和協定需要向其他國際組織登記的，由外交部或者國務院有關部門按照各該國際組織章程的規定辦理。

If treaties and agreements concluded by the People's Republic of China need to be registered with other international organizations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the relevant State Council department shall handle the matter pursuant to the provisions of the articles of association of the respective international organization.

第十八條   中華人民共和國同國際組織締結條約和協定的程序，依照本法及有關國際組織章程的規定辦理。

Article 18. Procedures for concluding treaties and agreements between the People's Republic of China and international organisations shall be handled in accordance with this Law and the provisions of the articles of association of the respective international organisations.

第十九條   中華人民共和國締結的條約和協定的修改、廢除或者退出的程序，比照各該條約、協定的締結的程序辦理。

Article 19 Procedures for amending, abrogating or withdrawing from a treaty or agreement concluded by the People's Republic of China shall be handled with reference to the respective procedures for concluding a treaty or agreement.

第二十條   國務院可以根據本法制定實施條例。

Article 20 The State Council may formulate implementing regulations in accordance with this Law.

第二十一條   本法自公布之日起施行。

Article 21 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.