法律文本

中華人民共和國憲法修正案（1999）

Amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China (1999)

（1999年3月15日第九屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議通過）

(Adopted at the Second Session of the Ninth National People 's Congress on March 15, 1999)

第十二條 憲法序言第七自然段：“中國新民主主義革命的勝利和社會主義事業的成就，都是中國共產黨領導中國各族人民，在馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想的指引下，堅持真理，修正錯誤，戰勝許多艱難險阻而取得的。我國正處於社會主義初級階段。國家的根本任務是，根據建設有中國特色社會主義的理論，集中力量進行社會主義現代化建設。中國各族人民將繼續在中國共產黨領導下，在馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想指引下，堅持人民民主專政，堅持社會主義道路，堅持改革開放，不斷完善社會主義的各項制度，發展社會主義民主，健全社會主義法制，自力更生，艱苦奮鬥，逐步實現工業、農業、國防和科學技術的現代化，把我國建設成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義國家。”修改為：“中國新民主主義革命的勝利和社會主義事業的成就，是中國共產黨領導中國各族人民，在馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想的指引下，堅持真理，修正錯誤，戰勝許多艱難險阻而取得的。我國將長期處於社會主義初級階段。國家的根本任務是，沿著建設有中國特色社會主義的道路，集中力量進行社會主義現代化建設。中國各族人民將繼續在中國共產黨領導下，在馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論指引下，堅持人民民主專政，堅持社會主義道路，堅持改革開放，不斷完善社會主義的各項制度，發展社會主義市場經濟，發展社會主義民主，健全社會主義法制，自力更生，艱苦奮鬥，逐步實現工業、農業、國防和科學技術的現代化，把我國建設成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義國家。”

Article 12 The seventh paragraph of the Preamble to the Constitution, which reads, "The victory in China's New-Democratic Revolution and the successes in its socialist cause have been achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, by upholding truth, correcting errors and surmounting numerous difficulties and hardships. Our country is in the primary stage of socialism. The basic task of the state is to concentrate on socialist modernization in accordance with the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist road, persevere in reform and opening to the outside world, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system, and work hard and self-reliantly to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a socialist country that is prosperous, powerful, democratic and culturally advanced. "Shall be amended to read as: "The victory in China's New-Democratic Revolution and the successes in its socialist cause have been achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, by upholding truth, correcting errors and surmounting numerous difficulties and hardships. Our country will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time. The basic task of the nation is to concentrate on socialist modernization along the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist road, persevere in reform and opening to the outside world, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop the socialist market economy, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist legal system and work hard and self-reliantly to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a socialist country that is prosperous, powerful, democratic and culturally advanced. "

第十三條 憲法第五條增加一款，作為第一款，規定：“中華人民共和國實行依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。”

Article 13 One paragraph is added to Article 5 of the Constitution as the first paragraph, which stipulates, "The People's Republic of China governs the country according to law and builds it into a socialist country ruled by law."

第十四條 憲法第六條：“中華人民共和國的社會主義經濟制度的基礎是生產資料的社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動群眾集體所有制。”“社會主義公有制消滅人剝削人的制度，實行各盡所能，按勞分配的原則。”修改為：“中華人民共和國的社會主義經濟制度的基礎是生產資料的社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動群眾集體所有制。社會主義公有制消滅人剝削人的制度，實行各盡所能、按勞分配的原則。”“國家在社會主義初級階段，堅持公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，堅持按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式並存的分配制度。”

Article 14 Article 6 of the Constitution, which reads, "The basis of the socialist economic system of the People's Republic of China is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.""The system of socialist public ownership supersedes the system of exploitation of man by man; it applies the principle of" from each according to his ability, to each according to his work. "Shall be amended as: "The basis of the socialist economic system of the People's Republic of China is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. The system of socialist public ownership supersedes the system of exploitation of man by man; it applies the principle of "from each according to his ability, to each according to his work.""In the primary stage of socialism, the State upholds the basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and diverse forms of ownership develop side by side and keeps to the distribution system in which distribution according to work is dominant and diverse modes of distribution coexist."

第十五條 憲法第八條第一款：“農村中的家庭聯產承包為主的責任制和生產、供銷、信用、消費等各種形式的合作經濟，是社會主義勞動群眾集體所有制經濟。參加農村集體經濟組織的勞動者，有權在法律規定的範圍內經營自留地、自留山、家庭副業和飼養自留畜。”修改為：“農村集體經濟組織實行家庭承包經營為基礎、統分結合的雙層經營體制。農村中的生產、供銷、信用、消費等各種形式的合作經濟，是社會主義勞動群眾集體所有制經濟。參加農村集體經濟組織的勞動者，有權在法律規定的範圍內經營自留地、自留山、家庭副業和飼養自留畜。”

Article 15 The first paragraph of Article 8 of the Constitution, which reads, "In rural areas the responsibility system, the main form of which is household contract that links remuneration to output, and other forms of cooperative economy, such as producers', supply and marketing, credit and consumers' cooperatives, belong to the sector of socialist economy under collective ownership by the working people. Working people who are members of rural economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for their private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately owned livestock. "Shall be revised as: "The rural collective economic organizations apply the dual operation system characterized by the combination of centralized operation with decentralized operation on the basis of household contract operation. In rural areas, all forms of cooperative economy, such as producers', supply and marketing, credit and consumers' cooperatives, belong to the sector of socialist economy under collective ownership by the working people. Working people who are members of rural economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for their private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately owned livestock. "

第十六條 憲法第十一條：“在法律規定範圍內的城鄉勞動者個體經濟，是社會主義公有制經濟的補充。國家保護個體經濟的合法的權利和利益。”“國家通過行政管理，指導、幫助和監督個體經濟。”“國家允許私營經濟在法律規定的範圍內存在和發展。私營經濟是社會主義公有制經濟的補充。國家保護私營經濟的合法的權利和利益，對私營經濟實行引導、監督和管理。”修改為：“在法律規定範圍內的個體經濟、私營經濟等非公有制經濟，是社會主義市場經濟的重要組成部分。”“國家保護個體經濟、私營經濟的合法的權利和利益。國家對個體經濟、私營經濟實行引導、監督和管理。”

Article 16 Article 11 of the Constitution, which reads, "The individual economy of urban and rural working people, operating within the limits prescribed by law, is a complement to the socialist public economy. The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the individual economy.”The State guides, assists and supervises the individual economy by administrative control. ""The State permits the private sector of the economy to exist and develop within the limits prescribed by law. Private economy is the complement of socialist public economy. The State protects the lawful rights and interests of the private sector of the economy, and exercises guidance, supervision and control over the private sector of the economy. "Is revised to read: "The non-public sectors of the economy such as the individual and private sectors within the limits prescribed by law are an important component of the socialist market economy.""The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the individual and private sectors of the economy. The State exercises guidance, supervision and control over the individual and private businesses. "

第十七條 憲法第二十八條：“國家維護社會秩序，鎮壓叛國和其他反革命的活動，制裁危害社會治安、破壞社會主義經濟和其他犯罪的活動，懲辦和改造犯罪分子。”修改為：“國家維護社會秩序，鎮壓叛國和其他危害國家安全的犯罪活動，制裁危害社會治安、破壞社會主義經濟和其他犯罪的活動，懲辦和改造犯罪分子。”

Article 17 Article 28 of the Constitution, which reads, "The State maintains public order and suppresses treasonable and other counter-revolutionary activities; it penalizes criminal activities that endanger public security and disrupt the socialist economy as well as other criminal activities; and it punishes and reforms criminals."Is revised to read, "The State maintains public order and suppresses treasonable and other criminal activities endangering state security; it penalizes criminal activities endangering public security and disrupting the socialist economy as well as other criminal activities; and it punishes and reforms criminals."