法律文本

中華人民共和國民族區域自治法（2001修訂）

Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy

主席令第四十六號

Presidential Decree No. 46

（１９８４年５月３１日第六屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議通過 根據２００１年２月２８日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國民族區域自治法〉的決定》修正）

(Adopted at the Second Session of the Sixth National People 's Congress on May 31, 1984, amended in accordance with the Decision on Amending the Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy adopted at the 20th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on February 28, 2001)

目錄

Contents

序言

Preamble

  第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 民族自治地方的建立和自治機關的組成

CHAPTER 2 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS AND THE COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

  第三章 自治機關的自治權

CHAPTER 3 THE POWER OF AUTONOMY OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

  第四章 民族自治地方的人民法院和人民檢察院

Chapter 4 The People's Courts and People's Procuratorates of National Autonomous Areas

  第五章 民族自治地方內的民族關系

CHAPTER 5 RELATIONS AMONG NATIONALITIES WITHIN NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS

  第六章 上級國家機關的職責

Chapter 6 Duties of State Authorities at Higher Levels

  第七章 附則

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

序言

Preamble

中華人民共和國是全國各族人民共同締造的統一的多民族國家。民族區域自治是中國共產黨運用馬克思列寧主義解決我國民族問題的基本政策，是國家的一項基本政治制度。

The People's Republic of China is a unitary multi-national State created jointly by the people of all its nationalities. Regional national autonomy is the basic policy of the Communist Party of China to solve the national problems of our country by using Marxism-Leninism.

民族區域自治是在國家統一領導下，各少數民族聚居的地方實行區域自治，設立自治機關，行使自治權。實行民族區域自治，體現了國家充分尊重和保障各少數民族管理本民族內部事務權利的精神，體現了國家堅持實行各民族平等、團結和共同繁榮的原則。

Under the unified leadership of the state, regional autonomy is to set up organs of self-government to exercise the power of self-government in areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities. Regional ethnic autonomy embodies the state's full respect for and guarantee of the right of ethnic minorities to administer their internal affairs and its adherence to the principle of equality, unity and common prosperity.

實行民族區域自治，對發揮各族人民當家作主的積極性，發展平等、團結、互助的社會主義民族關系，鞏固國家的統一，促進民族自治地方和全國社會主義建設事業的發展，都起了巨大的作用。今後，繼續堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，使這一制度在國家的社會主義現代化建設進程中發揮更大的作用。

Regional national autonomy has played an enormous role in giving full play to the initiative of all nationalities as masters of the country, in developing among them a socialist relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance, in consolidating the unification of the country and in promoting socialist construction in the national autonomous areas and the rest of the country. In the future, we will continue to uphold and improve the system of regional national autonomy so that it will play a greater role in the country's socialist modernization drive.

實踐證明，堅持實行民族區域自治，必須切實保障民族自治地方根據本地實際情況貫徹執行國家的法律和政策；必須大量培養少數民族的各級幹部、各種專業人才和技術工人；民族自治地方必須發揚自力更生、艱苦奮鬥精神，努力發展本地方的社會主義建設事業，為國家建設作出貢獻；國家根據國民經濟和社會發展計劃，努力幫助民族自治地方加速經濟和文化的發展。在維護民族團結的鬥爭中，要反對大民族主義，主要是大漢族主義，也要反對地方民族主義。

It has been proven by practice that adherence to regional national autonomy requires that the national autonomous areas be given effective guarantees for implementing State laws and policies in the light of existing local conditions; that large numbers of cadres at various levels and specialized personnel and skilled workers of various professions and trades be trained from among the minority nationalities; that the national autonomous areas strive to promote local socialist construction in the spirit of self-reliance and hard work and contribute to the nation's construction as a whole; and that the State strive to help the national autonomous areas speed up their economic and cultural development in accordance with the plans for national economic and social development. In the struggle to safeguard the unity of the nationalities, we must combat big-nation chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism, but also local nationalism.

民族自治地方的各族人民和全國人民一道，在中國共產黨的領導下，在馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論的指引下，堅持人民民主專政，堅持改革開放，沿著建設有中國特色社會主義的道路，集中力量進行社會主義現代化建設，發展社會主義市場經濟，加強社會主義民主與法制建設，加強社會主義精神文明建設，加速民族自治地方經濟、文化的發展，建設團結、繁榮的民族自治地方，為各民族的共同繁榮，把祖國建設成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義國家而努力奮鬥。

Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory, the people of various nationalities in the autonomous areas shall, together with the people of the whole country, adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and to the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, march along the road of constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics, concentrate their efforts on socialist modernization, develop the socialist market economy, strengthen the development of socialist democracy and the socialist legal system, enhance socialist cultural and ideological progress, speed up the economic and cultural development of the national autonomous areas, work towards their unity and prosperity and strive for the common prosperity of all nationalities and for the transformation of China into a prosperous, powerful, democratic and culturally advanced socialist country.

《中華人民共和國民族區域自治法》是實施憲法規定的民族區域自治制度的基本法律。

The "Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy" is the basic law for the implementation of the system of regional national autonomy prescribed in the Constitution.

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   中華人民共和國民族區域自治法，根據中華人民共和國憲法制定。

Article 1 The Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China.

第二條   各少數民族聚居的地方實行區域自治。

Article 2 Regional autonomy shall be practiced in areas where minority nationalities live in concentrated communities.

民族自治地方分為自治區、自治州、自治縣。

National autonomous areas shall be divided into autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties.

各民族自治地方都是中華人民共和國不可分離的部分。

All national autonomous areas are inseparable parts of the People's Republic of China.

第三條   民族自治地方設立自治機關，自治機關是國家的一級地方政權機關。

Article 3 Organs of self-government shall be established in national autonomous areas as local organs of the State power at a particular level.

民族自治地方的自治機關實行民主集中制的原則。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall apply the principle of democratic centralism.

第四條   民族自治地方的自治機關行使憲法第三章第五節規定的地方國家機關的職權，同時依照憲法和本法以及其他法律規定的權限行使自治權，根據本地方的實際情況貫徹執行國家的法律、政策。

Article 4 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall exercise the functions and powers of local organs of state as specified in Section 5 of Chapter III of the Constitution. At the same time, they shall exercise the power of autonomy within the limits of their authority as prescribed by the Constitution, by this Law and other laws, and implement the laws and policies of the state in the light of existing local conditions.

自治州的自治機關行使下設區、縣的市的地方國家機關的職權，同時行使自治權。

The organs of self-government of autonomous prefectures shall exercise the functions and powers of local state organs over cities divided into districts and cities with counties under their jurisdiction and, at the same time, exercise the power of autonomy.

第五條   民族自治地方的自治機關必須維護國家的統一，保證憲法和法律在本地方的遵守和執行。

Article 5 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas must uphold the unity of the country and guarantee that the Constitution and other laws are observed and implemented in these areas.

第六條   民族自治地方的自治機關領導各族人民集中力量進行社會主義現代化建設。

Article 6 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall lead the people of the various nationalities in a concentrated effort to promote socialist modernization.

民族自治地方的自治機關根據本地方的情況，在不違背憲法和法律的原則下，有權采取特殊政策和靈活措施，加速民族自治地方經濟、文化建設事業的發展。

On the principle of not contravening the Constitution and the laws, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall have the power to adopt special policies and flexible measures in the light of local conditions to speed up the economic and cultural development of these areas.

民族自治地方的自治機關在國家計劃的指導下，從實際出發，不斷提高勞動生產率和經濟效益，發展社會生產力，逐步提高各民族的物質生活水平。

Under the guidance of state plans and on the basis of actual conditions, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall steadily increase labour productivity and economic results, develop social productive forces and gradually raise the material living standards of the various nationalities.

民族自治地方的自治機關繼承和發揚民族文化的優良傳統，建設具有民族特點的社會主義精神文明，不斷提高各民族人民的社會主義覺悟和科學文化水平。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of national culture, build a socialist spiritual civilization with national characteristics and constantly raise the socialist consciousness and scientific and cultural level of the people of all nationalities.

第七條   民族自治地方的自治機關要把國家的整體利益放在首位，積極完成上級國家機關交給的各項任務。

Article 7 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall place the interests of the State as a whole above anything else and make positive efforts to fulfil the tasks assigned by State organs at higher levels.

第八條   上級國家機關保障民族自治地方的自治機關行使自治權，並且依據民族自治地方的特點和需要，努力幫助民族自治地方加速發展社會主義建設事業。

Article 8 State organs at higher levels shall guarantee the exercise of the power of autonomy by the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas and shall, in accordance with the characteristics and needs of these areas, strive to help them speed up their socialist construction.

第九條   上級國家機關和民族自治地方的自治機關維護和發展各民族的平等、團結、互助的社會主義民族關系。禁止對任何民族的歧視和壓迫，禁止破壞民族團結和制造民族分裂的行為。

Article 9 State organs at higher levels and the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall uphold and develop a socialist relationship of equality, unity and mutual assistance among all of the nationalities. Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality are prohibited; any act which undermines the unity of the nationalities or instigates their division is prohibited.

第十條   民族自治地方的自治機關保障本地方各民族都有使用和發展自己的語言文字的自由，都有保持或者改革自己的風俗習慣的自由。

Article 10 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall guarantee the freedom of the nationalities in these areas to use and develop their own spoken and written languages and their freedom to preserve or reform their own folkways and customs.

第十一條   民族自治地方的自治機關保障各民族公民有宗教信仰自由。

Article 11 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall guarantee the freedom of religious belief to citizens of the various nationalities.

任何國家機關、社會團體和個人不得強制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧視信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民。

No State organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not to believe in, any religion, nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion.

國家保護正常的宗教活動。

The state protects normal religious activities.

任何人不得利用宗教進行破壞社會秩序、損害公民身體健康、妨礙國家教育制度的活動。

No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the State.

宗教團體和宗教事務不受外國勢力的支配。

Religious groups and religious affairs are not subject to foreign domination.

第二章 民族自治地方的建立和自治機關的組成

CHAPTER 2 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS AND THE COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

第十二條   少數民族聚居的地方，根據當地民族關系、經濟發展等條件，並參酌曆史情況，可以建立以一個或者幾個少數民族聚居區為基礎的自治地方。

Article 12 Autonomous areas may be established where one or more minority nationalities live in concentrated communities, in the light of local conditions such as the relationship among the various nationalities and the level of economic development, and with due consideration for historical background.

民族自治地方內其他少數民族聚居的地方，建立相應的自治地方或者民族鄉。

Within a national autonomous area, appropriate autonomous areas or nationality townships may be established where other minority nationalities live in concentrated communities.

民族自治地方依據本地方的實際情況，可以包括一部分漢族或者其他民族的居民區和城鎮。

Some residential areas and towns of the Han nationality or other nationalities may be included in a national autonomous area in consideration of actual local conditions.

第十三條   民族自治地方的名稱，除特殊情況外，按照地方名稱、民族名稱、行政地位的順序組成。

Article 13 With the exception of special cases, the name of a national autonomous area shall be composed of the name of the locality and the name of the nationality and the administrative status, in that order.

第十四條   民族自治地方的建立、區域界線的劃分、名稱的組成，由上級國家機關會同有關地方的國家機關，和有關民族的代表充分協商擬定，按照法律規定的程序報請批準。

Article 14 The establishment of a national autonomous area, the delineation of its boundaries and the elements of its name shall be proposed by the State organ at the next higher level jointly with the State organ in the relevant locality, after full consultation with representatives of the relevant nationalities, before they are submitted for approval according to the procedures prescribed by law.

民族自治地方一經建立，未經法定程序，不得撤銷或者合並；民族自治地方的區域界線一經確定，未經法定程序，不得變動；確實需要撤銷、合並或者變動的，由上級國家機關的有關部門和民族自治地方的自治機關充分協商擬定，按照法定程序報請批準。

Once established, no national autonomous area may, without legal procedures, be abolished or merged. Once defined, no boundaries of a national autonomous area may, without legal procedures, be altered. Where abolition or merger or alteration is really required, it shall be proposed by the relevant department of the State organ at the next higher level after full consultation with the organ of self-government of the national autonomous area before it is submitted for approval according to legal procedures.

第十五條   民族自治地方的自治機關是自治區、自治州、自治縣的人民代表大會和人民政府。

Article 15 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall be the people's congresses and people's governments of autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties.

民族自治地方的人民政府對本級人民代表大會和上一級國家行政機關負責並報告工作，在本級人民代表大會閉會期間，對本級人民代表大會常務委員會負責並報告工作。各民族自治地方的人民政府都是國務院統一領導下的國家行政機關，都服從國務院。

The people's governments of national autonomous areas shall be responsible and report on their work to the people's congresses at corresponding levels and to the administrative organs of the state at the next higher level. When the people's congresses at corresponding levels are not in session, they shall be responsible and report on their work to the standing committees of these people's congresses. The people's governments of all national autonomous areas shall be administrative organs of the State under the unified leadership of the State Council and shall be subordinate to it.

民族自治地方的自治機關的組織和工作，根據憲法和法律，由民族自治地方的自治條例或者單行條例規定。

The organization and work of the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall be specified in these areas' regulations on the exercise of autonomy or separate regulations, in accordance with the Constitution and other laws.

第十六條   民族自治地方的人民代表大會中，除實行區域自治的民族的代表外，其他居住在本行政區域內的民族也應當有適當名額的代表。

Article 16 In the people 's congress of a national autonomous area, in addition to the deputies from the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the administrative area, the other nationalities inhabiting the area are also entitled to appropriate representation.

民族自治地方的人民代表大會中，實行區域自治的民族和其他少數民族代表的名額和比例，根據法律規定的原則，由省、自治區、直轄市的人民代表大會常務委員會決定，並報全國人民代表大會常務委員會備案。

The number and proportion of deputies to the people 's congress of a national autonomous area from the nationality exercising regional autonomy and from the other minority nationalities shall be decided upon by the standing committee of the people's congress of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government, in accordance with the principles prescribed by law, and shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.

民族自治地方的人民代表大會常務委員會中應當有實行區域自治的民族的公民擔任主任或者副主任。

Among the chairman and vice-chairmen of the standing committee of the people's congress of a national autonomous area shall be one or more citizens of the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the area.

第十七條   自治區主席、自治州州長、自治縣縣長由實行區域自治的民族的公民擔任。自治區、自治州、自治縣的人民政府的其他組成人員，應當合理配備實行區域自治的民族和其他少數民族的人員。

Article 17 The chairman of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county shall be a citizen of the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned. Other posts in the people's government of an autonomous region, an autonomous prefecture or an autonomous county shall rationally be assumed by people of the nationality exercising regional autonomy and of other minority nationalities in the area concerned.

民族自治地方的人民政府實行自治區主席、自治州州長、自治縣縣長負責制。自治區主席、自治州州長、自治縣縣長，分別主持本級人民政府工作。

The people's governments of national autonomous areas shall apply the system of giving overall responsibility to the chairman of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county. The chairman of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county shall direct the work of the people's governments at their respective levels.

第十八條   民族自治地方的自治機關所屬工作部門的幹部中，應當合理配備實行區域自治的民族和其他少數民族的人員。

Article 18 The cadres in the departments under the organs of self-government of a national autonomous area shall rationally be chosen from among citizens of the nationality exercising regional autonomy and of the other minority nationalities in the area.

第三章 自治機關的自治權

CHAPTER 3 THE POWER OF AUTONOMY OF THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

第十九條   民族自治地方的人民代表大會有權依照當地民族的政治、經濟和文化的特點，制定自治條例和單行條例。自治區的自治條例和單行條例，報全國人民代表大會常務委員會批準後生效。自治州、自治縣的自治條例和單行條例報省、自治區、直轄市的人民代表大會常務委員會批準後生效，並報全國人民代表大會常務委員會和國務院備案。

Article 19 The people's congresses of national autonomous areas shall have the power to enact regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate regulations in the light of the political, economic and cultural characteristics of the nationality or nationalities in the areas concerned. The regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate regulations of autonomous regions shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval before they go into effect. The regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate regulations of autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties shall be submitted to the standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval before they go into effect, and they shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the State Council for the record.

第二十條   上級國家機關的決議、決定、命令和指示，如有不適合民族自治地方實際情況的，自治機關可以報經該上級國家機關批準，變通執行或者停止執行；該上級國家機關應當在收到報告之日起六十日內給予答複。

Article 20 If a resolution, decision, order or instruction of a State organ at a higher level does not suit the conditions in a national autonomous area, the organ of self-government of the area may either implement it with certain alterations or cease implementing it after reporting to and receiving the approval of the State organ at a higher level; the said State organ shall give a reply within 60 days from the date of receipt of the report.

第二十一條   民族自治地方的自治機關在執行職務的時候，依照本民族自治地方自治條例的規定，使用當地通用的一種或者幾種語言文字；同時使用幾種通用的語言文字執行職務的，可以以實行區域自治的民族的語言文字為主。

Article 21 While performing its functions, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall, in accordance with the regulations on the exercise of autonomy of the area, use one or several languages commonly used in the locality; where several commonly used languages are used for the performance of such functions, the language of the nationality exercising regional autonomy may be used as the main language.

第二十二條   民族自治地方的自治機關根據社會主義建設的需要，采取各種措施從當地民族中大量培養各級幹部、各種科學技術、經營管理等專業人才和技術工人，充分發揮他們的作用，並且注意在少數民族婦女中培養各級幹部和各種專業技術人才。

Article 22 In accordance with the needs of socialist construction, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall take various measures to train large numbers of cadres at different levels and various kinds of specialized personnel, including scientists, technicians and managerial executives, as well as skilled workers from among the local nationalities, giving full play to their roles, and shall pay attention to the training of cadres at various levels and specialized and technical personnel of various kinds from among the women of minority nationalities.

民族自治地方的自治機關錄用工作人員的時候，對實行區域自治的民族和其他少數民族的人員應當給予適當的照顧。

When recruiting working staff, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall give appropriate considerations to people of the nationality exercising regional autonomy and of other minority nationalities in the area.

民族自治地方的自治機關可以采取特殊措施，優待、鼓勵各種專業人員參加自治地方各項建設工作。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may adopt special measures to provide preferential treatment and encouragement to specialized personnel joining in the various kinds of construction in these areas.

第二十三條   民族自治地方的企業、事業單位依照國家規定招收人員時，優先招收少數民族人員，並且可以從農村和牧區少數民族人口中招收。

Article 23 When recruiting personnel in accordance with State regulations, enterprises and institutions in national autonomous areas shall give priority to minority nationalities and may enlist them from the population of minority nationalities in rural and pastoral areas.

第二十四條   民族自治地方的自治機關依照國家的軍事制度和當地的實際需要，經國務院批準，可以組織本地方維護社會治安的公安部隊。

Article 24 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may, in accordance with the military system of the State and practical local needs and with the approval of the State Council, organize local public security forces for the maintenance of public order.

第二十五條   民族自治地方的自治機關在國家計劃的指導下，根據本地方的特點和需要，制定經濟建設的方針、政策和計劃，自主地安排和管理地方性的經濟建設事業。

Article 25 Under the guidance of state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall, in the light of local characteristics and needs, work out the guidelines, policies and plans for economic development and independently arrange for and administer local economic development.

第二十六條   民族自治地方的自治機關在堅持社會主義原則的前提下，根據法律規定和本地方經濟發展的特點，合理調整生產關系和經濟結構，努力發展社會主義市場經濟。

Article 26 Given the prerequisite of adherence to the principles of socialism, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall, in accordance with legal stipulations and in the light of the characteristics of local economic development, rationally readjust the relations of production and the economic structure, and work hard to develop the socialist market economy.

民族自治地方的自治機關堅持公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，鼓勵發展非公有制經濟。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall uphold the basic economic system, under which public ownership is the mainstay and the economic sectors under different types of ownership develop together, and encourage the development of the economic sectors under non-public ownership.

第二十七條   民族自治地方的自治機關根據法律規定，確定本地方內草場和森林的所有權和使用權。

Article 27 In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall define the ownership of, and the right to use, the pastures and forests within these areas.

民族自治地方的自治機關保護、建設草原和森林，組織和鼓勵植樹種草。禁止任何組織或者個人利用任何手段破壞草原和森林。嚴禁在草原和森林毀草毀林開墾耕地。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall protect and develop grasslands and forests and make arrangements for and encourage the planting of trees and grass. Destruction of grasslands and forests by any organization or individual by any means is prohibited. It is strictly forbidden to destroy grass and deforestation in grasslands and forests to open up land for cultivation.

第二十八條   民族自治地方的自治機關依照法律規定，管理和保護本地方的自然資源。

Article 28 In accordance with legal stipulation, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall manage and protect the natural resources of these areas.

民族自治地方的自治機關根據法律規定和國家的統一規劃，對可以由本地方開發的自然資源，優先合理開發利用。

In accordance with legal stipulations and unified State plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may give priority to the rational exploitation and utilization of the natural resources that the local authorities are entitled to develop.

第二十九條   民族自治地方的自治機關在國家計劃的指導下，根據本地方的財力、物力和其他具體條件，自主地安排地方基本建設項目。

Article 29 Under the guidance of state plans, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently arrange local capital construction projects according to their financial and material resources and other specific local conditions.

第三十條   民族自治地方的自治機關自主地管理隸屬於本地方的企業、事業。

Article 30 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently administer the enterprises and institutions under local jurisdiction.

第三十一條   民族自治地方依照國家規定，可以開展對外經濟貿易活動，經國務院批準，可以開辟對外貿易口岸。

Article 31 In accordance with State provisions, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may pursue foreign economic and trade activities and may, with the approval of the State Council, open foreign trade ports.

與外國接壤的民族自治地方經國務院批準，開展邊境貿易。

National autonomous areas adjoining foreign countries may develop border trade with the approval of the State Council.

民族自治地方在對外經濟貿易活動中，享受國家的優惠政策。

While conducting economic and trade activities with foreign countries, the national autonomous areas shall enjoy preferential treatment by the State.

第三十二條   民族自治地方的財政是一級財政，是國家財政的組成部分。

Article 32 The finance of a national autonomous area constitutes a particular level of finance and is a component of state finance.

民族自治地方的自治機關有管理地方財政的自治權。凡是依照國家財政體制屬於民族自治地方的財政收入，都應當由民族自治地方的自治機關自主地安排使用。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall have the power of autonomy in administering the finances of their areas. All revenues accruing to the national autonomous areas under the financial system of the state shall be managed and used by the organs of self-government of these areas on their own.

民族自治地方在全國統一的財政體制下，通過國家實行的規範的財政轉移支付制度，享受上級財政的照顧。

Under the unified national financial system, a national autonomous area shall enjoy preferential treatment by the financial department at a higher level through the standard financial transfer payment system exercised by the State.

民族自治地方的財政預算支出，按照國家規定，設機動資金，預備費在預算中所占比例高於一般地區。

A national autonomous area shall, in accordance with State stipulations, lay aside a reserve fund for expenditure in its budget. The proportion of the reserve fund in its budget shall be higher than that in the budgets of other areas.

民族自治地方的自治機關在執行財政預算過程中，自行安排使用收入的超收和支出的節餘資金。

While implementing its fiscal budget, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall arrange for the use of extra income and savings from expenditures at its own discretion.

第三十三條   民族自治地方的自治機關對本地方的各項開支標準、定員、定額，根據國家規定的原則，結合本地方的實際情況，可以制定補充規定和具體辦法。自治區制定的補充規定和具體辦法，報國務院備案；自治州、自治縣制定的補充規定和具體辦法，須報省、自治區、直轄市人民政府批準。

Article 33 In accordance with the principles set by the State and in the light of local conditions, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may work out supplementary provisions and concrete procedures with regard to the standards of expenditure, the sizes of the staff and the quotas of work for their respective areas. The supplementary provisions and concrete procedures worked out by autonomous regions shall be reported to the State Council for the record; those worked out by autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties shall be reported to the people's governments of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval.

第三十四條   民族自治地方的自治機關在執行國家稅法的時候，除應由國家統一審批的減免稅收項目以外，對屬於地方財政收入的某些需要從稅收上加以照顧和鼓勵的，可以實行減稅或者免稅。自治州、自治縣決定減稅或者免稅，須報省、自治區、直轄市人民政府批準。

Article 34 While implementing the tax laws of the State, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas may grant tax exemptions or reductions for certain items of local financial income which should be encouraged or given preferential consideration in taxation, in addition to items on which tax reduction or exemption require unified examination and approval by the State. The decisions of autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties on tax reduction and exemption shall be reported to the people's governments of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval.

第三十五條   民族自治地方根據本地方經濟和社會發展的需要，可以依照法律規定設立地方商業銀行和城鄉信用合作組織。

Article 35 A national autonomous area may, in the light of the needs of the local economic and social development and in accordance with the stipulations of laws, set up local commercial banks and urban and rural credit cooperative organizations.

第三十六條   民族自治地方的自治機關根據國家的教育方針，依照法律規定，決定本地方的教育規劃，各級各類學校的設置、學制、辦學形式、教學內容、教學用語和招生辦法。

Article 36 In accordance with the guidelines of the state on education and with the relevant stipulations of the law, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall decide on plans for the development of education in these areas, on the establishment of various kinds of schools at different levels, on their educational system, forms, curricula, the language used in instruction and enrollment procedures.

第三十七條   民族自治地方的自治機關自主地發展民族教育，掃除文盲，舉辦各類學校，普及九年義務教育，采取多種形式發展普通高級中等教育和中等職業技術教育，根據條件和需要發展高等教育，培養各少數民族專業人才。

Article 37 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently develop education for the nationalities by eliminating illiteracy, setting up various kinds of schools, spreading nine-year compulsory education, developing regular senior secondary education and secondary vocational and technical education in various forms, and developing higher education, where possible and necessary, so as to train specialized people from among all the minority nationalities.

民族自治地方的自治機關為少數民族牧區和經濟困難、居住分散的少數民族山區，設立以寄宿為主和助學金為主的公辦民族小學和民族中學，保障就讀學生完成義務教育階段的學業。辦學經費和助學金由當地財政解決，當地財政困難的，上級財政應當給予補助。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall set up public primary schools and secondary schools, mainly boarding schools and schools providing subsidies, in pastoral areas and economically disadvantaged and dispersed mountain areas inhabited by minority nationalities, so as to ensure that the students complete their studies at the compulsory education stage. The expenses for running schools and for subsidies shall be handled by the local governments. If it is difficult for the local governments to do so, the governments at a higher level shall give them allowances.

招收少數民族學生為主的學校（班級）和其他教育機構，有條件的應當采用少數民族文字的課本，並用少數民族語言講課；根據情況從小學低年級或者高年級起開設漢語文課程，推廣全國通用的普通話和規範漢字。

Schools (classes and classes) and other educational institutions where most of the students come from minority nationalities should, whenever possible, use textbooks in their own languages and use these languages as the media of instruction. Classes for the teaching of Chinese (the Han language) shall, where appropriate, be opened for junior or senior grades of primary schools to popularize Putonghua and the standard Chinese characters commonly used throughout the country.

各級人民政府要在財政方面扶持少數民族文字的教材和出版物的編譯和出版工作。

People's governments at various levels shall give financial support to the compilation and edition of teaching materials and publications in languages of minority nationalities.

第三十八條   民族自治地方的自治機關自主地發展具有民族形式和民族特點的文學、藝術、新聞、出版、廣播、電影、電視等民族文化事業，加大對文化事業的投入，加強文化設施建設，加快各項文化事業的發展。

Article 38 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently develop literature, art, the press, publishing, radio broadcasting, the film industry, television and other cultural undertakings in forms and with characteristics unique to the nationalities, and increase their input in cultural undertakings, provide improved cultural facilities and speed up the development of various cultural undertakings.

民族自治地方的自治機關組織、支持有關單位和部門收集、整理、翻譯和出版民族曆史文化書籍，保護民族的名勝古跡、珍貴文物和其他重要曆史文化遺產，繼承和發展優秀的民族傳統文化。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall make arrangements for the units or departments concerned and support them in their efforts to collect, sort out, translate and publish historical and cultural books of minority nationalities and protect the scenic spots and historical sites in their areas, their precious cultural relics and their other important historical and cultural legacies, so as to inherit and develop their outstanding traditional culture.

第三十九條   民族自治地方的自治機關自主地決定本地方的科學技術發展規劃，普及科學技術知識。

Article 39 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall make independent decisions on local plans for developing science and technology and spreading knowledge of science and technology.

第四十條   民族自治地方的自治機關，自主地決定本地方的醫療衛生事業的發展規劃，發展現代醫藥和民族傳統醫藥。

Article 40 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall make independent decisions on plans for developing local medical and health services and for advancing both modern medicine and the traditional medicine of the nationalities.

民族自治地方的自治機關加強對傳染病、地方病的預防控制工作和婦幼衛生保健，改善醫療衛生條件。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall see to a more effective prevention and control of contagious and endemic diseases, provide better protection for the health of women and children, and improve medical and sanitary conditions.

第四十一條   民族自治地方的自治機關自主地發展體育事業，開展民族傳統體育活動，增強各族人民的體質。

Article 41 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall independently develop sports, promote the traditional sports of the nationalities and improve the physical fitness of the people of the various nationalities.

第四十二條   民族自治地方的自治機關積極開展和其他地方的教育、科學技術、文化藝術、衛生、體育等方面的交流和協作。

Article 42 The organs of self-government of the national autonomous areas shall strive to develop exchanges and cooperation with other areas in education, science and technology, culture and art, public health, sports, etc.

自治區、自治州的自治機關依照國家規定，可以和國外進行教育、科學技術、文化藝術、衛生、體育等方面的交流。

In accordance with relevant State provisions, the organs of self-government of autonomous regions and autonomous prefectures may conduct exchanges with foreign countries in education, science and technology, culture and art, public health, sports, etc.

第四十三條   民族自治地方的自治機關根據法律規定，制定管理流動人口的辦法。

Article 43 In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall work out measures for control of the transient population.

第四十四條   民族自治地方實行計劃生育和優生優育，提高各民族人口素質。

Article 44 The policy of family planning and good prenatal and postnatal care shall be carried out in national autonomous areas in order to enhance the population quality of the various nationalities.

民族自治地方的自治機關根據法律規定，結合本地方的實際情況，制定實行計劃生育的辦法。

In accordance with legal stipulations, the organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall, in the light of local conditions, work out measures for family planning.

第四十五條   民族自治地方的自治機關保護和改善生活環境和生態環境，防治汙染和其他公害，實現人口、資源和環境的協調發展。

Article 45 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment and shall prevent and control pollution and other public hazards, so as to bring about the coordinated development of population, resources and environment.

第四章 民族自治地方的人民法院和人民檢察院

Chapter 4 The People's Courts and People's Procuratorates of National Autonomous Areas

第四十六條   民族自治地方的人民法院和人民檢察院對本級人民代表大會及其常務委員會負責。民族自治地方的人民檢察院並對上級人民檢察院負責。

Article 46 The People's Courts and People's Procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall be responsible to the people's congresses at corresponding levels and their standing committees. The people's procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall also be responsible to the people's procuratorates at higher levels.

民族自治地方人民法院的審判工作，受最高人民法院和上級人民法院監督。民族自治地方的人民檢察院的工作，受最高人民檢察院和上級人民檢察院領導。

The administration of justice by the People's Courts of national autonomous areas shall be supervised by the Supreme People's Court and by People's Courts at higher levels. The work of the people's procuratorates of national autonomous areas shall be directed by the Supreme People's Procuratorate and by people's procuratorates at higher levels.

民族自治地方的人民法院和人民檢察院的領導成員和工作人員中，應當有實行區域自治的民族的人員。

Members of the leadership and of the staff of the People's Court and of the People's Procuratorate of a national autonomous area shall include people from the nationality exercising regional autonomy in that area.

第四十七條   民族自治地方的人民法院和人民檢察院應當用當地通用的語言審理和檢察案件，並合理配備通曉當地通用的少數民族語言文字的人員。對於不通曉當地通用的語言文字的訴訟參與人，應當為他們提供翻譯。法律文書應當根據實際需要，使用當地通用的一種或者幾種文字。保障各民族公民都有使用本民族語言文字進行訴訟的權利。

Article 47 In the prosecution and trial of cases, the People's Courts and People's Procuratorates in national autonomous areas shall use the language commonly used in the locality, and they shall rationally be manned with persons who are familiar with the spoken and written languages of minority nationalities commonly used in the locality. Translation should be provided to those involved in the proceedings who are not familiar with the language commonly used in the locality. Legal documents should be written, according to actual needs, in the language or languages commonly used in the locality. We shall ensure that citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their own languages in court proceedings.

第五章 民族自治地方內的民族關系

CHAPTER 5 RELATIONS AMONG NATIONALITIES WITHIN NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS

第四十八條   民族自治地方的自治機關保障本地方內各民族都享有平等權利。

Article 48 The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall guarantee equal rights for the various nationalities in the area.

民族自治地方的自治機關團結各民族的幹部和群眾，充分調動他們的積極性，共同建設民族自治地方。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall unite the cadres and masses of the various nationalities and give full play to their initiative in building the areas.

第四十九條   民族自治地方的自治機關教育和鼓勵各民族的幹部互相學習語言文字。漢族幹部要學習當地少數民族的語言文字，少數民族幹部在學習、使用本民族語言文字的同時，也要學習全國通用的普通話和規範文字。

Article 49 The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall educate and encourage cadres of the various nationalities to learn each other's spoken and written languages. Han cadres should learn the spoken and written languages of the local minority nationalities. While learning and using the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities, cadres should also learn Putonghua and the standard written language commonly used throughout the country.

民族自治地方的國家工作人員，能夠熟練使用兩種以上當地通用的語言文字的，應當予以獎勵。

Awards should be given to State functionaries in national autonomous areas who can use skillfully two or more spoken or written languages that are commonly used in the locality.

第五十條   民族自治地方的自治機關幫助聚居在本地方的其他少數民族，建立相應的自治地方或者民族鄉。

Article 50 The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall help other minority nationalities living in concentrated communities in the area establish appropriate autonomous areas or nationality townships.

民族自治地方的自治機關幫助本地方各民族發展經濟、教育、科學技術、文化、衛生、體育事業。

The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall help the various nationalities in the area develop their economic, educational, scientific and technological, cultural, public health and physical culture affairs.

民族自治地方的自治機關照顧本地方散居民族的特點和需要。

The organs of self-government of national autonomous areas shall give consideration to the characteristics and needs of the nationalities living in scattered groups in these areas.

第五十一條   民族自治地方的自治機關在處理涉及本地方各民族的特殊問題的時候，必須與他們的代表充分協商，尊重他們的意見。

Article 51 In dealing with special issues concerning the various nationalities within its area, the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area must conduct full consultation with their representatives and respect their opinions.

第五十二條   民族自治地方的自治機關保障本地方內各民族公民都享有憲法規定的公民權利，並且教育他們履行公民應盡的義務。

Article 52 The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall guarantee that the citizens of the various nationalities in the area enjoy the rights of citizens prescribed in the Constitution and shall educate them in the need to perform their duties as citizens.

第五十三條   民族自治地方的自治機關提倡愛祖國、愛人民、愛勞動、愛科學、愛社會主義的公德，對本地方內各民族公民進行愛國主義、共產主義和民族政策的教育。教育各民族的幹部和群眾互相信任，互相學習，互相幫助，互相尊重語言文字、風俗習慣和宗教信仰，共同維護國家的統一和各民族的團結。

Article 53 The organ of self-government of a national autonomous area shall promote the civic virtues of love of the motherland, of the people, of labour, of science and of socialism and conduct education among the citizens of the various nationalities in the area in patriotism, communism and state policies concerning the nationalities. Cadres and masses of all ethnic groups should be taught to trust, learn from and help each other, to respect each other's language, customs and religious beliefs, and to work together to safeguard the unity of the country and the unity of all ethnic groups.

第六章 上級國家機關的職責

Chapter 6 Duties of State Authorities at Higher Levels

第五十四條   上級國家機關有關民族自治地方的決議、決定、命令和指示，應當適合民族自治地方的實際情況。

Article 54 The resolutions, decisions, orders and instructions concerning national autonomous areas adopted by the State organs at higher levels should suit the conditions in these areas.

第五十五條   上級國家機關應當幫助、指導民族自治地方經濟發展戰略的研究、制定和實施，從財政、金融、物資、技術和人才等方面，幫助各民族自治地方加速發展經濟、教育、科學技術、文化、衛生、體育等事業。

Article 55 State organs at higher levels shall give assistance and guidance to national autonomous areas in research, formulation and implementation of their economic development strategy, and provide financial, monetary, material and technical assistance and skilled people to them to help accelerate the development of their economic, educational, scientific and technological, cultural, public health and physical culture affairs.

國家制定優惠政策，引導和鼓勵國內外資金投向民族自治地方。

The State shall formulate preferential policies to guide and encourage investment of domestic and foreign capital in national autonomous areas.

上級國家機關在制定國民經濟和社會發展計劃的時候，應當照顧民族自治地方的特點和需要。

In making plans for national economic and social development, state organs at higher levels should take into consideration the characteristics and needs of national autonomous areas.

第五十六條   國家根據統一規劃和市場需求，優先在民族自治地方合理安排資源開發項目和基礎設施建設項目。國家在重大基礎設施投資項目中適當增加投資比重和政策性銀行貸款比重。

Article 56 The State shall, in accordance with unified planning and market demand, give first priority to national autonomous areas when making rational arrangements for resource development projects and infrastructure projects. The State shall appropriately increase the proportion of investment and the proportion of loans granted by policy banks in the investment in major infrastructure projects.

國家在民族自治地方安排基礎設施建設，需要民族自治地方配套資金的，根據不同情況給予減少或者免除配套資金的照顧。

Where counterpart funding is required of national autonomous areas for infrastructure projects arranged by the State there, the State may give them preferential treatment by reducing or exempting the counterpart funding, as the case may be.

國家幫助民族自治地方加快實用科技開發和成果轉化，大力推廣實用技術和有條件發展的高新技術，積極引導科技人才向民族自治地方合理流動。國家向民族自治地方提供轉移建設項目的時候，根據當地的條件，提供先進、適用的設備和工藝。

The State shall help national autonomous areas to speed up the development of applied science and technology and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, vigorously spread the use of applied technology and develop new and high technology, where conditions permit, and actively guide the rational flow of talented scientists and technicians into national autonomous areas. The State shall, when supplying transferred construction projects to national autonomous areas, provide advanced and suitable equipment and techniques in accordance with local conditions.

第五十七條   國家根據民族自治地方的經濟發展特點和需要，綜合運用貨幣市場和資本市場，加大對民族自治地方的金融扶持力度。金融機構對民族自治地方的固定資產投資項目和符合國家產業政策的企業，在開發資源、發展多種經濟方面的合理資金需求，應當給予重點扶持。

Article 57 The State shall, in the light of the characteristics and needs of economic development in national autonomous areas, make comprehensive use of the monetary market and the capital market to increase its monetary support to the areas. Banking institutions shall focus their support on the projects of investment in fixed assets and the enterprises conforming to State industrial policy in national autonomous areas by meeting their rational need of funds in the fields of resource exploitation and diversified economic development.

國家鼓勵商業銀行加大對民族自治地方的信貸投入，積極支持當地企業的合理資金需求。

The State shall encourage commercial banks to increase their credit input to national autonomous areas and actively satisfy the rational need for funds by local enterprises.

第五十八條   上級國家機關從財政、金融、人才等方面幫助民族自治地方的企業進行技術創新，促進產業結構升級。

Article 58 State organs at higher levels shall help the enterprises in national autonomous areas to make technical innovation and upgrade their industrial structure in the financial, monetary and skilled personnel fields.

上級國家機關應當組織和鼓勵民族自治地方的企業管理人員和技術人員到經濟發達地區學習，同時引導和鼓勵經濟發達地區的企業管理人員和技術人員到民族自治地方的企業工作。

State organs at higher levels shall make arrangements for and encourage the managerial and technical personnel of enterprises in national autonomous areas to go to the economically developed areas and learn from them, and at the same time guide and encourage the managerial and technical personnel of enterprises in the economically developed areas to go and work in enterprises in national autonomous areas.

第五十九條   國家設立各項專用資金，扶助民族自治地方發展經濟文化建設事業。

Article 59 The State shall set aside special funds to help national autonomous areas develop their economy and culture.

國家設立的各項專用資金和臨時性的民族補助專款，任何部門不得扣減、截留、挪用，不得用以頂替民族自治地方的正常的預算收入。

The special funds set aside by the State and its provisional grants to the nationalities may not be deducted, withheld or misappropriated by any State organs, nor may they be used to substitute for the normal budgetary revenues of national autonomous areas.

第六十條   上級國家機關根據國家的民族貿易政策和民族自治地方的需要，對民族自治地方的商業、供銷和醫藥企業，從投資、金融、稅收等方面給予扶持。

Article 60 In accordance with the State policy for trade with the minority nationalities and in the light of the need of national autonomous areas, State organs at higher levels shall support the commercial, supply and marketing, and medical and pharmaceutical enterprises in national autonomous areas in the fields of investment, finance and taxation.

第六十一條   國家制定優惠政策，扶持民族自治地方發展對外經濟貿易，擴大民族自治地方生產企業對外貿易經營自主權，鼓勵發展地方優勢產品出口，實行優惠的邊境貿易政策。

Article 61 The State shall formulate preferential policies to support national autonomous areas in their efforts to develop economic relations and trade with foreign countries, extend decision-making power of the manufacturing enterprises of national autonomous areas in the management of foreign trade, encourage them to develop their local superstandard products for export, and carry out the preferential policy for border trade.

第六十二條   隨著國民經濟的發展和財政收入的增長，上級財政逐步加大對民族自治地方財政轉移支付力度。通過一般性財政轉移支付、專項財政轉移支付、民族優惠政策財政轉移支付以及國家確定的其他方式，增加對民族自治地方的資金投入，用於加快民族自治地方經濟發展和社會進步，逐步縮小與發達地區的差距。

Article 62 As the national economy develops and financial revenues increase, governments at higher levels shall gradually increase the financial transfer payment with regard to national autonomous areas. Through general financial transfer payment, special financial transfer payment, financial transfer payment governed by preferential policy towards minority nationalities, and through other means adopted by the State, more funds shall be put into national autonomous areas, to be used for speeding up economic development and social progress in the said areas, so as to gradually narrow the gap between such areas and the economically developed areas.

第六十三條   上級國家機關在投資、金融、稅收等方面扶持民族自治地方改善農業、牧業、林業等生產條件和水利、交通、能源、通信等基礎設施；扶持民族自治地方合理利用本地資源發展地方工業、鄉鎮企業、中小企業以及少數民族特需商品和傳統手工業品的生產。

Article 63 In matters of investment, finance, taxation, etc., State organs at higher levels shall support national autonomous areas in their efforts to improve the production conditions of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry as well as infrastructure such as water conservancy, transportation, energy and communications; they shall help national autonomous areas in the rational exploitation of local resources to develop local industry, town and township enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises as well as the production of goods specially needed by minority nationalities and of their traditional handicrafts.

第六十四條   上級國家機關應當組織、支持和鼓勵經濟發達地區與民族自治地方開展經濟、技術協作和多層次、多方面的對口支援，幫助和促進民族自治地方經濟、教育、科學技術、文化、衛生、體育事業的發展。

Article 64 State organs at higher levels shall enlist the efforts of, support and encourage the economically developed areas in pursuing economic and technological cooperation with national autonomous areas and giving assistance to their counterparts there at different levels and in many-sided ways, so as to help promote the development of the economic, educational, scientific and technological, cultural, public health and physical culture affairs there.

第六十五條   國家在民族自治地方開發資源、進行建設的時候，應當照顧民族自治地方的利益，作出有利於民族自治地方經濟建設的安排，照顧當地少數民族的生產和生活。國家采取措施，對輸出自然資源的民族自治地方給予一定的利益補償。

Article 65 While exploiting resources and undertaking construction in national autonomous areas, the State shall give consideration to the interests of these areas, make arrangements favorable to the economic development there and pay proper attention to the productive pursuits and the life of the minority nationalities there. The State shall take measures to give due benefit compensation to the national autonomous areas from which the natural resources are transported out.

國家引導和鼓勵經濟發達地區的企業按照互惠互利的原則，到民族自治地方投資，開展多種形式的經濟合作。

The State shall guide and encourage enterprises in the economically developed areas to make investment in national autonomous areas and carry out economic cooperation in various forms on the principle of reciprocity and mutual benefit.

第六十六條   上級國家機關應當把民族自治地方的重大生態平衡、環境保護的綜合治理工程項目納入國民經濟和社會發展計劃，統一部署。

Article 66 State organs at higher levels shall incorporate major construction projects designed to maintain ecological balance and protect the environment in an all-round way in national autonomous areas into the national economic and social development plan for the benefit of unified arrangements.

民族自治地方為國家的生態平衡、環境保護作出貢獻的，國家給予一定的利益補償。

Where national autonomous areas make contribution to the ecological balance and environmental protection of the State, the State shall give them due benefit compensation.

任何組織和個人在民族自治地方開發資源、進行建設的時候，要采取有效措施，保護和改善當地的生活環境和生態環境，防治汙染和其他公害。

While exploiting resources and undertaking construction in national autonomous areas, the organizations or individuals shall take effective measures to protect and improve local living and ecological environment and to prevent and control pollution and other public hazards.

第六十七條   上級國家機關隸屬的在民族自治地方的企業、事業單位依照國家規定招收人員時，優先招收當地少數民族人員。

Article 67 Enterprises and institutions affiliated to state organs at higher levels but located in national autonomous areas shall give priority to local minority nationalities when recruiting personnel in accordance with the regulations of the State.

在民族自治地方的企業、事業單位，應當尊重當地自治機關的自治權，遵守當地自治條例、單行條例和地方性法規、規章，接受當地自治機關的監督。

Enterprises and institutions in national autonomous areas shall respect the power of autonomy of local organs of self-government, observe the local regulations on the exercise of autonomy and separate regulations as well as the local rules and regulations, and subject themselves to supervision by such organs.

第六十八條   上級國家機關非經民族自治地方自治機關同意，不得改變民族自治地方所屬企業的隸屬關系。

Article 68 Without the consent of the organ of self-government of a national autonomous area, no State organ at a higher level may change the affiliation of an enterprise under the administration of the local government.

第六十九條   國家和上級人民政府應當從財政、金融、物資、技術、人才等方面加大對民族自治地方的貧困地區的扶持力度，幫助貧困人口盡快擺脫貧困狀況，實現小康。

Article 69 The State and the people's governments at higher levels shall provide greater support to the poverty-stricken areas in national autonomous areas in the financial, monetary, material, technological and trained personnel fields so as to help the poor population there to shake off poverty as soon as possible and to become well-off.

第七十條   上級國家機關幫助民族自治地方從當地民族中大量培養各級幹部、各種專業人才和技術工人；根據民族自治地方的需要，采取多種形式調派適當數量的教師、醫生、科學技術和經營管理人員，參加民族自治地方的工作，對他們的生活待遇給予適當照顧。

Article 70 State organs at higher levels shall help national autonomous areas train, from among local nationalities, large numbers of cadres at various levels and specialized personnel and skilled workers of different professions and trades; in accordance with local needs and in various forms, they shall send appropriate numbers of teachers, doctors, scientists and technicians as well as managerial executives to work in national autonomous areas and provide them with proper benefits.

第七十一條   國家加大對民族自治地方的教育投入，並采取特殊措施，幫助民族自治地方加速普及九年義務教育和發展其他教育事業，提高各民族人民的科學文化水平。

Article 71 The State shall increase its input to education in national autonomous areas and take special measures to help them speed up the popularization of nine-year compulsory education and develop other educational undertakings, in order to raise the scientific and cultural levels of the people of local nationalities.

國家舉辦民族高等學校，在高等學校舉辦民族班、民族預科，專門或者主要招收少數民族學生，並且可以采取定向招生、定向分配的辦法。高等學校和中等專業學校招收新生的時候，對少數民族考生適當放寬錄取標準和條件，對人口特少的少數民族考生給予特殊照顧。各級人民政府和學校應當采取多種措施幫助家庭經濟困難的少數民族學生完成學業。

The State shall set up institutes of nationalities and, in other institutions of higher education, nationality-oriented classes and preparatory classes that exclusively or mainly enroll students from minority nationalities. Preferred enrollment and preferred assignment of jobs may also be introduced. When enrolling new students, institutions of higher learning and secondary technical schools shall appropriately set lower standards and conditions for the admission of students from minority nationalities, and special consideration shall be given to students from minority nationalities with small populations. People's governments at various levels and schools shall take various measures to help the students from minority nationalities whose families have financial difficulties to complete their studies.

國家在發達地區舉辦民族中學或者在普通中學開設民族班，招收少數民族學生實施中等教育。

The State shall set up secondary schools of nationalities or nationality-oriented classes in ordinary secondary schools in the economically developed areas, enroll students from minority nationalities and conduct secondary education.

國家幫助民族自治地方培養和培訓各民族教師。國家組織和鼓勵各民族教師和符合任職條件的各民族畢業生到民族自治地方從事教育教學工作，並給予他們相應的優惠待遇。

The State shall assist national autonomous areas in training teachers of all nationalities. The State shall organize and encourage teachers of all nationalities and graduates of all nationalities who meet the qualifications to undertake educational and teaching work in national autonomous areas, and shall grant them appropriate preferential treatment.

第七十二條   上級國家機關應當對各民族的幹部和群眾加強民族政策的教育，經常檢查民族政策和有關法律的遵守和執行。

Article 72 State organs at higher levels shall intensify education among cadres and masses of the various nationalities in the government's policies concerning nationalities and frequently review the observance and implementation of these policies and relevant laws.

第七章 附則

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第七十三條   國務院及其有關部門應當在職權範圍內，為實施本法分別制定行政法規、規章、具體措施和辦法。

Article 73 The State Council and the relevant departments under it shall, within the limits of their functions and powers, respectively formulate administrative rules and regulations, specific measures and methods for the implementation of this Law.

自治區和轄有自治州、自治縣的省、直轄市的人民代表大會及其常務委員會結合當地實際情況，制定實施本法的具體辦法。

The people's congresses and their standing committees of autonomous regions, and of provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government with autonomous prefectures or autonomous counties under them shall, in the light of the actual local conditions, formulate specific measures for the implementation of this Law.

第七十四條   本法由全國人民代表大會通過，自１９８４年１０月１日起施行。

Article 74 This Law has been adopted by the National People 's Congress and shall go into effect on October 1, 1984.