法律文本

中華人民共和國商業銀行法（2015修正）

Commercial Banking Law of the People’s Republic of China (Revision 2015)

（1995年5月10日第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十三次會議通過根據2003年12月27日第十屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第六次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國商業銀行法〉的決定》第一次修正根據2015年8月29日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十六次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國商業銀行法〉的決定》第二次修正）

(Adopted at the 13th Session of the Standing Committee of the 8th National People's Congress on May 10, 1995; amended for the first time according to the Decision on Revising the Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks passed at the 6th Session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress on December 27, 2003; and amended for the second time according to the Decision on Revising the Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks passed at the 16th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on August 29, 2015)

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了保護商業銀行、存款人和其他客戶的合法權益，規範商業銀行的行為，提高信貸資產質量，加強監督管理，保障商業銀行的穩健運行，維護金融秩序，促進社會主義市場經濟的發展，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of commercial banks, depositors and other clients, to standardize the behavior of commercial banks, to raise the quality of credit assets, to strengthen supervision and control, to ensure the sound and stable operation of commercial banks, to maintain financial order and to promote the development of the socialist market economy.

第二條   本法所稱的商業銀行是指依照本法和《中華人民共和國公司法》設立的吸收公眾存款、發放貸款、辦理結算等業務的企業法人。

Article 2 For the purposes of this Law, the term "commercial banks" means business entities that are established in conformity with this Law and the Company Law of the People's Republic of China and that take in deposits from the general public, grant loans, handle settlements, etc.

第三條   商業銀行可以經營下列部分或者全部業務：

Article 3 A commercial bank may engage in some or all of the following business operations:

（一）吸收公眾存款；

1. taking public deposits;

（二）發放短期、中期和長期貸款；

2. Issuing short-term, medium-term and long-term loans;

（三）辦理國內外結算；

(III) Handling domestic and foreign settlements;

（四）辦理票據承兌與貼現；

4. handling the acceptance and discount of negotiable instruments;

（五）發行金融債券；

(V) Issuing financial bonds;

（六）代理發行、代理兌付、承銷政府債券；

(VI) Issuing, cashing and undertaking the sale of government bonds as agents;

（七）買賣政府債券、金融債券；

(VII) buying and selling government bonds or financial bonds;

（八）從事同業拆借；

(VIII) engaging in inter-bank borrowing business;

（九）買賣、代理買賣外匯；

(IX) Trading and trading as an agent foreign exchange;

（十）從事銀行卡業務；

(X) Running business of bank cards;

（十一）提供信用證服務及擔保；

(XI) providing letter of credit services and guarantee;

（十二）代理收付款項及代理保險業務；

(XII) Handling receipts and payments and insurance business as agents;

（十三）提供保管箱服務；

(XIII) to provide safe deposit box service;

（十四）經國務院銀行業監督管理機構批準的其他業務。

(XIV) other business approved by the banking regulatory authority of the State Council.

經營範圍由商業銀行章程規定，報國務院銀行業監督管理機構批準。

The business scope of a commercial bank shall be specified in the articles of association of the bank and reported to the banking regulatory organ of the State Council for approval.

商業銀行經中國人民銀行批準，可以經營結匯、售匯業務。

. Commercial banks may engage in sale and purchase of foreign currencies upon approval by the People's Bank of China.

第四條   商業銀行以安全性、流動性、效益性為經營原則，實行自主經營，自擔風險，自負盈虧，自我約束。

Article 4 Commercial banks shall operate under the principles of safety, liquidity and efficiency, with full autonomy and assume sole responsibility for their own risks, profits and losses, and with self-restraint.

商業銀行依法開展業務，不受任何單位和個人的幹涉。

Commercial banks shall carry out business in accordance with the law, free from interference from any entity or individual.

商業銀行以其全部法人財產獨立承擔民事責任。

Commercial banks shall bear civil liabilities independently with all their properties as legal persons.

第五條   商業銀行與客戶的業務往來，應當遵循平等、自願、公平和誠實信用的原則。

Article 5 Commercial banks shall follow the principles of equality, voluntariness, fairness, and good faith in their services to clients.

第六條   商業銀行應當保障存款人的合法權益不受任何單位和個人的侵犯。

Article 6 Commercial banks shall protect the lawful rights and interests of depositors against infringement by any entity or individual.

第七條   商業銀行開展信貸業務，應當嚴格審查借款人的資信，實行擔保，保障按期收回貸款。

Article 7 In credit transactions, commercial banks shall strictly examine the credit-worthiness of a borrower and implement the system of guaranty in order to ensure that the loan is recovered on schedule.

商業銀行依法向借款人收回到期貸款的本金和利息，受法律保護。

Commercial banks shall be protected by law when they recover the principal of loans that have become due and the interest thereon from the borrowers in accordance with legal provisions.

第八條   商業銀行開展業務，應當遵守法律、行政法規的有關規定，不得損害國家利益、社會公共利益。

Article 8 In business transactions, commercial banks shall abide by the relevant provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations and may not harm the interests of the State or of the public.

第九條   商業銀行開展業務，應當遵守公平競爭的原則，不得從事不正當競爭。

Article 9 In business transactions, commercial banks shall abide by the principle of fair competition and may not engage in illegitimate competition.

第十條   商業銀行依法接受國務院銀行業監督管理機構的監督管理，但法律規定其有關業務接受其他監督管理部門或者機構監督管理的，依照其規定。

Article 10 Commercial banks shall be subject to the supervision of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council according to law, unless otherwise the law prescribes that the relevant business thereof shall be subject to the supervision of any other regulatory department or organ, the provisions shall prevail.

第二章 商業銀行的設立和組織機構

Chapter 2 Establishment and Organizational Structure of Commercial Banks

第十一條   設立商業銀行，應當經國務院銀行業監督管理機構審查批準。

Article 11 The establishment of a commercial bank shall be subject to the examination and approval of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

未經國務院銀行業監督管理機構批準，任何單位和個人不得從事吸收公眾存款等商業銀行業務，任何單位不得在名稱中使用“銀行”字樣。

No organisation or individual shall engage in commercial bank business operations such as acceptance of public deposits or use the word "bank" in its name without approval of the banking supervision and administration authority of the State Council.

第十二條   設立商業銀行，應當具備下列條件：

Article 12 The establishment of a commercial bank shall satisfy the following requirements:

（一）有符合本法和《中華人民共和國公司法》規定的章程；

1. it shall have articles of association as provided for in this Law and the Company Law of the People's Republic of China;

（二）有符合本法規定的注冊資本最低限額；

2. It shall have the minimum registered capital provided for in this law;

（三）有具備任職專業知識和業務工作經驗的董事、高級管理人員；

(III) It has directors and senior managers with professional knowledge and work experience;

（四）有健全的組織機構和管理制度；

(IV) It has a sound organizational structure and management rules; and

（五）有符合要求的營業場所、安全防範措施和與業務有關的其他設施。

(V) It has qualified business place, safety protection measures and other relevant facilities for its business.

設立商業銀行，還應當符合其他審慎性條件。

The establishment of a commercial bank shall also meet other prudential conditions.

第十三條   設立全國性商業銀行的注冊資本最低限額為十億元人民幣。設立城市商業銀行的注冊資本最低限額為一億元人民幣，設立農村商業銀行的注冊資本最低限額為五千萬元人民幣。注冊資本應當是實繳資本。

Article 13 The minimum amount of registered capital for establishing a national commercial bank shall be CNY1 billion. The minimum amount of registered capital for establishing a city commercial bank shall be CNY100 million, and for a rural commercial bank the minimum amount of registered capital shall be CNY50 million. The registered capital shall be paid-in capital.

國務院銀行業監督管理機構根據審慎監管的要求可以調整注冊資本最低限額，但不得少於前款規定的限額。

The banking regulatory authority of the State Council may adjust the minimum amount of registered capital in accordance with prudential regulatory requirements, provided that the minimum amount shall not be less than the amount stipulated in the preceding paragraph.

第十四條   設立商業銀行，申請人應當向國務院銀行業監督管理機構提交下列文件、資料：

Article 14 An applicant shall submit the following documents and materials to the banking regulatory organ of the State Council for establishing a commercial bank:

（一）申請書，申請書應當載明擬設立的商業銀行的名稱、所在地、注冊資本、業務範圍等；

1. An application, specifying the name, location, registered capital and business scope of the commercial bank to be established;

（二）可行性研究報告；

2. feasibility study report;

（三）國務院銀行業監督管理機構規定提交的其他文件、資料。

(III) Other documents and materials that shall be submitted as required by the banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

第十五條   設立商業銀行的申請經審查符合本法第十四條規定的，申請人應當填寫正式申請表，並提交下列文件、資料：

Article 15 If an application for establishing a commercial bank is found, after examination, to be in conformity with the provisions of Article 14 of this Law, the applicant shall complete an official application form and provide the following documents and information:

（一）章程草案；

1. draft articles of association;

（二）擬任職的董事、高級管理人員的資格證明；

(II) Qualification certificates of the directors and senior management personnel to assume the posts;

（三）法定驗資機構出具的驗資證明；

(III) A capital assessment certification issued by a statutory capital assessment institution;

（四）股東名冊及其出資額、股份；

(IV) List of shareholders and their respective capital contributions and shares;

（五）持有注冊資本百分之五以上的股東的資信證明和有關資料；

(V) Certificates of credibility and relevant documents of the shareholders who hold more than 5% of the registered capital;

（六）經營方針和計劃；

(VI) business policies and plans;

（七）營業場所、安全防範措施和與業務有關的其他設施的資料；

(VII) information concerning the place of business, security and precautionary measures and other facilities relevant to business operations;

（八）國務院銀行業監督管理機構規定的其他文件、資料。

(VIII) Other documents and materials as required by the banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

第十六條   經批準設立的商業銀行，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構頒發經營許可證，並憑該許可證向工商行政管理部門辦理登記，領取營業執照。

Article 16. Commercial banks approved for establishment shall be issued with a business permit by the banking supervision and administration authority of the State Council and shall apply with the business permit to the industrial and commercial administration for registration and a business licence.

第十七條   商業銀行的組織形式、組織機構適用《中華人民共和國公司法》的規定。

Article 17 The organizational form and structure of commercial banks shall be governed by the Company Law of the People's Republic of China.

本法施行前設立的商業銀行，其組織形式、組織機構不完全符合《中華人民共和國公司法》規定的，可以繼續沿用原有的規定，適用前款規定的日期由國務院規定。

Commercial banks, established prior to the implementation of this Law, that do not entirely conform to the provisions of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China in organizational form and structure may continue to be governed by previous regulations. The date on which the preceding paragraph shall apply to such commercial banks shall be specified by the State Council.

第十八條   國有獨資商業銀行設立監事會。監事會的產生辦法由國務院規定。

Article 18 A board of supervisors shall be established in a wholly state-owned commercial bank. Measures for forming the board of supervisors shall be formulated by the State Council.

監事會對國有獨資商業銀行的信貸資產質量、資產負債比例、國有資產保值增值等情況以及高級管理人員違反法律、行政法規或者章程的行為和損害銀行利益的行為進行監督。

The board of supervisors shall exercise supervision over the quality of credit assets of the wholly State-owned commercial bank, its assets-liabilities ratios and maintenance of and increase in the value of State-owned assets, and over the senior administrators of the commercial bank to see whether they violate any laws, administrative rules and regulations or the articles of association or commit any acts which harm the interests of the bank.

第十九條   商業銀行根據業務需要可以在中華人民共和國境內外設立分支機構。設立分支機構必須經國務院銀行業監督管理機構審查批準。在中華人民共和國境內的分支機構，不按行政區劃設立。

Article 19. Commercial banks may establish branches within and outside the People's Republic of China in accordance with their business requirements. Establishment of branches shall be subject to examination and approval by the banking supervision and administration authority of the State Council. The establishment of branches within the People's Republic of China shall not be restricted by the administrative division of regions.

商業銀行在中華人民共和國境內設立分支機構，應當按照規定撥付與其經營規模相適應的營運資金額。撥付各分支機構營運資金額的總和，不得超過總行資本金總額的百分之六十。

When a commercial bank establishes a branch within the territory of the People's Republic of China, it shall allocate operating funds in keeping with the scale of its business, in accordance with regulations. The sum total of operation funds allocated to all the branches may not exceed 60 percent of the total amount of the capital of the head office.

第二十條   設立商業銀行分支機構，申請人應當向國務院銀行業監督管理機構提交下列文件、資料：

Article 20 An applicant shall submit the following documents and materials to the banking regulatory organ of the State Council for setting up branches of a commercial bank:

（一）申請書，申請書應當載明擬設立的分支機構的名稱、營運資金額、業務範圍、總行及分支機構所在地等；

1. An application, specifying the name, amount of operating funds scope of business of the proposed branch;

（二）申請人最近二年的財務會計報告；

2. the applicant's financial and accounting reports for the last two years;

（三）擬任職的高級管理人員的資格證明；

(III) Qualification certificates of the senior management personnel to be appointed;

（四）經營方針和計劃；

(IV) business policies and plans;

（五）營業場所、安全防範措施和與業務有關的其他設施的資料；

(V) information concerning the place of business, security and precautionary measures and other facilities relevant to business operations;

（六）國務院銀行業監督管理機構規定的其他文件、資料。

(VI) Other documents and materials as required by the banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

第二十一條   經批準設立的商業銀行分支機構，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構頒發經營許可證，並憑該許可證向工商行政管理部門辦理登記，領取營業執照。

Article 21. Branches of commercial banks approved for establishment shall be issued with a business permit by the banking supervision and administration authority of the State Council and shall apply with the business permit to the industrial and commercial administration for registration and a business licence.

第二十二條   商業銀行對其分支機構實行全行統一核算，統一調度資金，分級管理的財務制度。

Article 22 A commercial bank shall adopt a financial system of unified accounting and fund disposition and hierarchical management in respect to its branches.

商業銀行分支機構不具有法人資格，在總行授權範圍內依法開展業務，其民事責任由總行承擔。

Branches of commercial banks shall not have the status of a legal person and shall lawfully conduct their business operations within the scope authorized by their head offices, and their civil liability shall be borne by their head offices.

第二十三條   經批準設立的商業銀行及其分支機構，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構予以公告。

Article 23 The establishment of a commercial bank and its branches upon approval shall be announced by the banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

商業銀行及其分支機構自取得營業執照之日起無正當理由超過六個月未開業的，或者開業後自行停業連續六個月以上的，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構吊銷其經營許可證，並予以公告。

If a commercial bank or branch thereof fails, without good reason, to start business more than six months after the date of obtaining its business license or, after starting business, suspends its business at its own will for a continuous period of six months or more, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall revoke its permit for operation and make a public announcement to that effect.

第二十四條   商業銀行有下列變更事項之一的，應當經國務院銀行業監督管理機構批準：

Article 24 A commercial bank shall be subject to the approval of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council for alteration of any of the following matters:

（一）變更名稱；

1. change of name;

（二）變更注冊資本；

2. change of registered capital;

（三）變更總行或者分支行所在地；

(III) Changes to location of the head office or branches;

（四）調整業務範圍；

(IV) Adjustment of business scope;

（五）變更持有資本總額或者股份總額百分之五以上的股東；

(V) any change in shareholders holding more than 5% of the total capital or shares;

（六）修改章程；

(VI) Modifying the articles of association;

（七）國務院銀行業監督管理機構規定的其他變更事項。

(VII) Other matters as prescribed by the banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

更換董事、高級管理人員時，應當報經國務院銀行業監督管理機構審查其任職資格。

In case of replacing any director or senior management personnel, a commercial bank shall report to the banking regulatory organ of the State Council for examination on their qualifications for assuming the posts.

第二十五條   商業銀行的分立、合並，適用《中華人民共和國公司法》的規定。

Article 25. Sub-division and merger of commercial banks shall comply with the provisions of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China.

商業銀行的分立、合並，應當經國務院銀行業監督管理機構審查批準。

The division and merger of a commercial bank shall be subject to the examination and approval of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

第二十六條   商業銀行應當依照法律、行政法規的規定使用經營許可證。禁止偽造、變造、轉讓、出租、出借經營許可證。

Article 26 A commercial bank shall use its permit for operation in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations. No permit for operation may be forged, altered, transferred, leased out, or lent.

第二十七條   有下列情形之一的，不得擔任商業銀行的董事、高級管理人員：

Article 27 None of the following persons may hold the position of director or senior manager of a commercial bank:

（一）因犯有貪汙、賄賂、侵占財產、挪用財產罪或者破壞社會經濟秩序罪，被判處刑罰，或者因犯罪被剝奪政治權利的；

1. having been sentenced to criminal punishment for the crime of embezzlement, bribery, seizure or misappropriation of property or for undermining the social economic order, or having been deprived of political rights for committing a crime;

（二）擔任因經營不善破產清算的公司、企業的董事或者廠長、經理，並對該公司、企業的破產負有個人責任的；

2. directors of companies or enterprises, or factory directors or managers who have been subjected to bankruptcy liquidation due to mismanagement, and who bear personal liability for the bankruptcy;

（三）擔任因違法被吊銷營業執照的公司、企業的法定代表人，並負有個人責任的；

(III) having served as the legal representative of a company whose business license had been revoked due to a violation of law and having been personally responsible therefor;

（四）個人所負數額較大的債務到期未清償的。

(IV) persons with comparatively large amounts of overdue personal debts.

第二十八條   任何單位和個人購買商業銀行股份總額百分之五以上的，應當事先經國務院銀行業監督管理機構批準。

Article 28 Any entity or individual who wants to buy more than 5% of the total amount of shares of a commercial bank shall be subject to the approval of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council in advance.

第三章 對存款人的保護

Chapter 3 Protection of depositors

第二十九條   商業銀行辦理個人儲蓄存款業務，應當遵循存款自願、取款自由、存款有息、為存款人保密的原則。

Article 29 In handling savings deposits for individuals, commercial banks shall adhere to the principles of voluntary deposit, freedom of withdrawal, interest on deposits and confidentiality for the depositors.

對個人儲蓄存款，商業銀行有權拒絕任何單位或者個人查詢、凍結、扣劃，但法律另有規定的除外。

Commercial banks shall have the right to refuse to answer the inquiries into and to refuse to freeze, deduct or transfer an individual's savings deposits as made or requested by any unit or individual, unless otherwise provided for by law.

第三十條   對單位存款，商業銀行有權拒絕任何單位或者個人查詢，但法律、行政法規另有規定的除外；有權拒絕任何單位或者個人凍結、扣劃，但法律另有規定的除外。

Article 30 Commercial banks shall have the right to refuse to answer the inquiries into a unit's deposits by any other unit or individual, except where otherwise provided for by laws and administrative rules and regulations, and shall have the right to refuse to freeze, deduct or transfer a unit's deposits as requested by any other unit or individual, except where otherwise provided for by law.

第三十一條   商業銀行應當按照中國人民銀行規定的存款利率的上下限，確定存款利率，並予以公告。

Article 31 Commercial banks shall determine the interest rates on deposits in accordance with the upper and lower limits interest rates on deposits specified by the People's Bank of China and make them known to the public.

第三十二條   商業銀行應當按照中國人民銀行的規定，向中國人民銀行交存存款準備金，留足備付金。

Article 32 A commercial bank should pay a certain amount of deposit reserve fund to the People's Bank of China and keep adequate deposit funds in accordance with the provisions of the PBC.

第三十三條   商業銀行應當保證存款本金和利息的支付，不得拖延、拒絕支付存款本金和利息。

Article 33. Commercial banks shall ensure payment of principal and interest on deposits and shall not delay or refuse payment of principal and interest on deposits.

第四章 貸款和其他業務的基本規則

Chapter 4 Basic Rules Governing Loans and Other Businesses

第三十四條   商業銀行根據國民經濟和社會發展的需要，在國家產業政策指導下開展貸款業務。

Article 34 Commercial banks shall carry out their loan business upon the needs of national economy and the social development and under the guidance of the state industrial policies.

第三十五條   商業銀行貸款，應當對借款人的借款用途、償還能力、還款方式等情況進行嚴格審查。

Article 35 When granting a loan, commercial banks shall strictly examine the borrower's purpose for the loan, ability to repay the loan, method of repayment, etc.

商業銀行貸款，應當實行審貸分離、分級審批的制度。

When granting a loan, commercial banks shall implement the system of separating the examination of a loan from the actual provision of the loan and the system of examination and approval at different levels.

第三十六條   商業銀行貸款，借款人應當提供擔保。商業銀行應當對保證人的償還能力，抵押物、質物的權屬和價值以及實現抵押權、質權的可行性進行嚴格審查。

Article 36. Commercial banks shall require provision of guarantee by borrowers. The commercial bank shall strictly examine the surety's ability to repay the loan, the ownership and value of the mortgage or the collateral and feasibility of realizing the right of mortgage or right of pledge.

經商業銀行審查、評估，確認借款人資信良好，確能償還貸款的，可以不提供擔保。

If, after examination and appraisal by a commercial bank, a borrower's credit is found to be good, and the borrower is deemed truly able to repay the loan, the borrower need not provide a guaranty.

第三十七條   商業銀行貸款，應當與借款人訂立書面合同。合同應當約定貸款種類、借款用途、金額、利率、還款期限、還款方式、違約責任和雙方認為需要約定的其他事項。

Article 37 To grant a loan, a commercial bank shall sign a written contract with the borrower. The contract shall stipulate the type, purpose, amount and interest rate of the loan, the time limit for repayment, repayment method, liabilities for breach of contract and other matters deemed necessary by the Parties.

第三十八條   商業銀行應當按照中國人民銀行規定的貸款利率的上下限，確定貸款利率。

Article 38 Commercial banks shall determine their loan interest rates in accordance with the upper and lower limits for loan interest rates prescribed by the People's Bank of China.

第三十九條   商業銀行貸款，應當遵守下列資產負債比例管理的規定：

Article 39 In granting loans, a commercial bank shall observe the following provisions on the management of the asset-liability ratio:

（一）資本充足率不得低於百分之八；

1. Its capital adequacy ratio may not be lower than 8%;

（二）流動性資產餘額與流動性負債餘額的比例不得低於百分之二十五；

2. The proportion of the balance of circulating assets and the balance of circulating liabilities shall not be lower than 25%;

（三）對同一借款人的貸款餘額與商業銀行資本餘額的比例不得超過百分之十；

(III) The ratio of the balance of loans to the same borrower and the balance of capital of the commercial bank shall not exceed 10%; and

（四）國務院銀行業監督管理機構對資產負債比例管理的其他規定。

(IV) other provisions of the banking regulatory authority of the State Council on administration of asset liability ratios.

本法施行前設立的商業銀行，在本法施行後，其資產負債比例不符合前款規定的，應當在一定的期限內符合前款規定。具體辦法由國務院規定。

If, after the implementation of this Law, the asset-liability ratio of a commercial bank established prior to the implementation of this Law is found not in conformity with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the bank shall make it conform to the provisions of the preceding paragraph within a certain period of time. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

第四十條   商業銀行不得向關系人發放信用貸款；向關系人發放擔保貸款的條件不得優於其他借款人同類貸款的條件。

Article 40 Commercial banks may not grant fiduciary loans to their connections. The conditions for granting secured loans to their connections may not be more preferential than those for granting the same type of loans to other borrowers.

前款所稱關系人是指：

The connected persons mentioned above refer to:

（一）商業銀行的董事、監事、管理人員、信貸業務人員及其近親屬；

1. directors, supervisors, managers, credit officers of the commercial bank and their close relatives;

（二）前項所列人員投資或者擔任高級管理職務的公司、企業和其他經濟組織。

(II) Companies, enterprises and other economic organizations in which the persons listed in the preceding item have investment or hold senior managerial positions.

第四十一條   任何單位和個人不得強令商業銀行發放貸款或者提供擔保。商業銀行有權拒絕任何單位和個人強令要求其發放貸款或者提供擔保。

Article 41 No organisation or individual shall coerce a commercial bank into granting loans or providing guarantee. Commercial banks shall have the right to refuse the request of any organisation or individual for granting of loans or provision of guarantee.

第四十二條   借款人應當按期歸還貸款的本金和利息。

Article 42 Borrowers of loans shall repay the principal and interest of the loans on time.

借款人到期不歸還擔保貸款的，商業銀行依法享有要求保證人歸還貸款本金和利息或者就該擔保物優先受償的權利。商業銀行因行使抵押權、質權而取得的不動產或者股權，應當自取得之日起二年內予以處分。

If a borrower fails to repay a secured loan upon maturity, the commercial bank shall lawfully have the right to require the surety to repay the loan principal and the interest thereon or the right to preferential compensation in respect of the collateral. Immovable property or equity obtained by commercial banks in the exercise of mortgage or pledge rights shall be disposed within two years from the date of obtaining such immovable property or equity rights.

借款人到期不歸還信用貸款的，應當按照合同約定承擔責任。

If a borrower fails to repay a fiduciary loan upon maturity, he shall bear liability in accordance with the provisions of the contract.

第四十三條   商業銀行在中華人民共和國境內不得從事信托投資和證券經營業務，不得向非自用不動產投資或者向非銀行金融機構和企業投資，但國家另有規定的除外。

Article 43 No commercial banks shall undertake the businesses of trust and investment and securities dealing business, nor shall they invest in the non-self-use real property or non-bank financial institutions and enterprises, unless it is otherwise prescribed by the state.

第四十四條   商業銀行辦理票據承兌、匯兌、委托收款等結算業務，應當按照規定的期限兌現，收付入賬，不得壓單、壓票或者違反規定退票。有關兌現、收付入賬期限的規定應當公布。

Article 44 In handling account settlement businesses such as acceptance, remittance and collections of negotiable instruments, a commercial bank shall cash in and enter the receipts and payment into the account book within the prescribed time limit and shall not hold down the bill or negotiable instruments or return them in violation of regulations. The provisions on the time limit for cashing in and entering the receipts and payments into the account books shall be announced.

第四十五條   商業銀行發行金融債券或者到境外借款，應當依照法律、行政法規的規定報經批準。

Article 45 In issuing financial bonds or getting loans overseas, a commercial bank shall file an application for approval in accordance with laws and administrative regulations.

第四十六條   同業拆借，應當遵守中國人民銀行的規定。禁止利用拆入資金發放固定資產貸款或者用於投資。

Article 46 Inter-bank loans shall be in compliance with the provisions of the People's Bank of China. No capital borrowed may be used for granting loans on fixed assets or for investment.

拆出資金限於交足存款準備金、留足備付金和歸還中國人民銀行到期貸款之後的閑置資金。拆入資金用於彌補票據結算、聯行匯差頭寸的不足和解決臨時性周轉資金的需要。

Funds lent under such loans shall be limited to idle funds that remain after a sufficient reserve against deposit has been retained, sufficient provision for payment has been made and matured loans from the People's Bank of China have been repaid. The borrowed funds shall be used to make up the bill settlement, the shortage of the inter-bank exchange balance position and the need for temporary working capital.

第四十七條   商業銀行不得違反規定提高或者降低利率以及采用其他不正當手段，吸收存款，發放貸款。

Article 47 Commercial banks may not raise or lower interest rates in violation of regulations or use other improper means to take in deposits or grant loans.

第四十八條   企業事業單位可以自主選擇一家商業銀行的營業場所開立一個辦理日常轉賬結算和現金收付的基本賬戶，不得開立兩個以上基本賬戶。

Article 48 Enterprises and institutions may choose on their own will a commercial bank to open their own basic accounts for daily transference and settlement of accounts and cash receipts and payment, but they are prohibited to open two or more basic accounts.

任何單位和個人不得將單位的資金以個人名義開立賬戶存儲。

No organisation or individual shall open a personal savings account using the funds of an organisation.

第四十九條   商業銀行的營業時間應當方便客戶，並予以公告。商業銀行應當在公告的營業時間內營業，不得擅自停止營業或者縮短營業時間。

Article 49 The business hours of commercial banks shall be such as to be convenient to clients and shall be announced. Commercial banks shall carry out business during announced business hours; they may not suspend business or shorten their business hours without authorization.

第五十條   商業銀行辦理業務，提供服務，按照規定收取手續費。收費項目和標準由國務院銀行業監督管理機構、中國人民銀行根據職責分工，分別會同國務院價格主管部門制定。

Article 50 A commercial bank may charge handling fees as prescribed in handling business or providing services. The charging items and standards shall be formulated by the banking regulatory organ of the State Council, the People's Bank of China according to their own functions, or jointly with the price administrative department of the State Council.

第五十一條   商業銀行應當按照國家有關規定保存財務會計報表、業務合同以及其他資料。

Article 51. Commercial banks shall keep financial accounting statements, business contracts and other information in accordance with relevant State regulations.

第五十二條   商業銀行的工作人員應當遵守法律、行政法規和其他各項業務管理的規定，不得有下列行為：

Article 52 Employees of commercial banks shall abide by laws and administrative rules and regulations and all other regulations for the control of business operations; they may not:

（一）利用職務上的便利，索取、收受賄賂或者違反國家規定收受各種名義的回扣、手續費；

1. taking advantage of their positions to demand, receive or accept bribes, or violating State regulations to accept or accept rebates or commissions of any description;

（二）利用職務上的便利，貪汙、挪用、侵占本行或者客戶的資金；

(II) use their positions to embezzle, misappropriate or seize money belonging to the bank or any client;

（三）違反規定徇私向親屬、朋友發放貸款或者提供擔保；

(III) Privately granting loans to or providing guarantee for relatives and friends in violation of the relevant provisions;

（四）在其他經濟組織兼職；

(IV) hold a concurrent post in another economic organization;

（五）違反法律、行政法規和業務管理規定的其他行為。

(V) other acts in violation of laws, administrative regulations and provisions on business management.

第五十三條   商業銀行的工作人員不得泄露其在任職期間知悉的國家秘密、商業秘密。

Article 53 No employees of commercial banks may disclose State or commercial secrets that they come to know during their employment.

第五章 財務會計

Chapter 5 Financial Affairs and Accounting

第五十四條   商業銀行應當依照法律和國家統一的會計制度以及國務院銀行業監督管理機構的有關規定，建立、健全本行的財務、會計制度。

Article 54 Commercial banks shall establish and perfect their own financial and accounting systems in accordance with laws, the state's unified accounting system and the relevant provisions of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

第五十五條   商業銀行應當按照國家有關規定，真實記錄並全面反映其業務活動和財務狀況，編制年度財務會計報告，及時向國務院銀行業監督管理機構、中國人民銀行和國務院財政部門報送。商業銀行不得在法定的會計賬冊外另立會計賬冊。

Article 55 A commercial bank shall, according to the relevant state provisions, truthfully record and reflect their business activities and financial status, work out annual financial report, and report to the banking regulatory organ of the State Council, the People's Bank of China, and the financial departments of the State Council in time. Commercial banks may not establish any account books in addition to statutory account books.

第五十六條   商業銀行應當於每一會計年度終了三個月內，按照國務院銀行業監督管理機構的規定，公布其上一年度的經營業績和審計報告。

Article 56. Commercial banks shall announce their business results and audit reports within 3 months from the financial year-end in accordance with provisions of the banking supervision and administration authority of the State Council.

第五十七條   商業銀行應當按照國家有關規定，提取呆賬準備金，沖銷呆賬。

Article 57 Commercial banks shall draw reserve against bad debts to offset the bad debts in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

第五十八條   商業銀行的會計年度自公曆l月1日起至12月31日止。

Article 58. The fiscal year of commercial banks shall commence on 1 January and end on 31 December of the Gregorian calendar.

第六章 監督管理

Chapter 6 Supervision and Administration

第五十九條   商業銀行應當按照有關規定，制定本行的業務規則，建立、健全本行的風險管理和內部控制制度。

Article 59 A commercial bank shall, according to relevant provisions, formulate its own business regulations, and establish and perfect the risk control and internal control systems of the bank.

第六十條   商業銀行應當建立、健全本行對存款、貸款、結算、呆賬等各項情況的稽核、檢查制度。

Article 60 Commercial banks shall establish and perfect their own systems for examination and inspection of deposits, loans, settlements, doubtful accounts, etc,.

商業銀行對分支機構應當進行經常性的稽核和檢查監督。

A commercial bank shall conduct regular examination and checks on its branches.

第六十一條   商業銀行應當按照規定向國務院銀行業監督管理機構、中國人民銀行報送資產負債表、利潤表以及其他財務會計、統計報表和資料。

Article 61 A commercial bank shall report balance sheets, statements of profits, and other financial statements and statistical reports and documents to the banking regulatory organ of the State Council and the People's Bank of China.

第六十二條   國務院銀行業監督管理機構有權依照本法第三章、第四章、第五章的規定，隨時對商業銀行的存款、貸款、結算、呆賬等情況進行檢查監督。檢查監督時，檢查監督人員應當出示合法的證件。商業銀行應當按照國務院銀行業監督管理機構的要求，提供財務會計資料、業務合同和有關經營管理方面的其他信息。

Article 62 The banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall have the right to check on and supervise over the deposits, loans, settlement and bad debts, and other conditions of the commercial banks at any time in pursuance of the provisions of Chapter III, Chapter IV, and Chapter V of this Law. When carrying out inspection and supervision, the inspectors and supervisors shall produce their lawful identification papers. . Commercial banks shall provide financial and accounting information, business contracts and other information on business management in accordance with the requirements of the banking supervision and administration authority of the State Council.

中國人民銀行有權依照《中華人民共和國中國人民銀行法》第三十二條、第三十四條的規定對商業銀行進行檢查監督。

The People's Bank of China has the right to make examination on and supervision over the commercial banks in accordance with the provisions of Article 32 and Article 34 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China.

第六十三條   商業銀行應當依法接受審計機關的審計監督。

Article 63 Commercial banks shall, in accordance with the law, accept supervision through auditing by auditing authorities.

第七章 接管和終止

Chapter 7 Taking over and Termination

第六十四條   商業銀行已經或者可能發生信用危機，嚴重影響存款人的利益時，國務院銀行業監督管理機構可以對該銀行實行接管。

Article 64 In case a commercial bank has occurred or may occur creditability crisis, which may seriously influence the interests of the depositors, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council may take over the bank.

接管的目的是對被接管的商業銀行采取必要措施，以保護存款人的利益，恢複商業銀行的正常經營能力。被接管的商業銀行的債權債務關系不因接管而變化。

The purposes of assumption of control are, through taking such measures as are necessary in respect of the commercial bank over which control is assumed, to protect the interests of the depositors and to enable the commercial bank to resume normal business. The debtor-creditor relationships of the commercial bank shall not be affected by the take-over.

第六十五條   接管由國務院銀行業監督管理機構決定，並組織實施。國務院銀行業監督管理機構的接管決定應當載明下列內容：

Article 65 The banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall determine and organize the implementation of the take-over. The decision of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council on the take-over shall specify the following contents:

（一）被接管的商業銀行名稱；

1. the name of the commercial bank to be taken over;

（二）接管理由；

2. the reason for the take-over;

（三）接管組織；

(III) the organization of the take-over;

（四）接管期限。

4. The term of the take-over.

接管決定由國務院銀行業監督管理機構予以公告。

The decision on taking over a commercial bank shall be announced by the banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

第六十六條   接管自接管決定實施之日起開始。

Article 66. The take-over shall commence on the date of implementation of the take-over decision.

自接管開始之日起，由接管組織行使商業銀行的經營管理權力。

The organisation which takes over the commercial bank shall exercise the business management powers of the commercial bank from the date of commencement of the take-over.

第六十七條   接管期限屆滿，國務院銀行業監督管理機構可以決定延期，但接管期限最長不得超過二年。

Article 67 At the expiration of the take-over term, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council may determine to extend the term, but the maximum term for the take-over shall not exceed two years.

第六十八條   有下列情形之一的，接管終止：

Article 68 In any of the following circumstances, the control shall be terminated:

（一）接管決定規定的期限屆滿或者國務院銀行業監督管理機構決定的接管延期屆滿；

1. the term prescribed in the take-over decision expires, or the extended term of take-over as determined by the banking regulatory organ of the State Council expires;

（二）接管期限屆滿前，該商業銀行已恢複正常經營能力；

(II) the commercial bank has recovered its ability of normal operation before the expiration of the term for take-over;

（三）接管期限屆滿前，該商業銀行被合並或者被依法宣告破產。

(III) the commercial bank is merged or is declared bankrupt according to law before expiration of the term for take-over.

第六十九條   商業銀行因分立、合並或者出現公司章程規定的解散事由需要解散的，應當向國務院銀行業監督管理機構提出申請，並附解散的理由和支付存款的本金和利息等債務清償計劃。經國務院銀行業監督管理機構批準後解散。

Article 69 A commercial bank should apply to the banking regulatory organ of the State Council for dissolution due to division or merger or other reasons as set down in the articles of association of the bank, and the application should be accompanied with the reasons for the dissolution and the plan for balance settlement such as paying the principal and interest of the deposits. The commercial bank shall be dissolved upon approval by the banking regulatory department of the State Council.

商業銀行解散的，應當依法成立清算組，進行清算，按照清償計劃及時償還存款本金和利息等債務。國務院銀行業監督管理機構監督清算過程。

If a commercial bank is to be dissolved, a liquidation team shall be formed pursuant to law. The team shall, in accordance with the plan for the settlement of debts, carry out liquidation and without delay pay debts such as the principal of the deposits and the interest thereon. The banking regulatory authority of the State Council shall supervise the liquidation process.

第七十條   商業銀行因吊銷經營許可證被撤銷的，國務院銀行業監督管理機構應當依法及時組織成立清算組，進行清算，按照清償計劃及時償還存款本金和利息等債務。

Article 70 In the event that a commercial bank is dissolved due to revocation of the permit for operation, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall organize to form a liquidation group according to law to make liquidation and pay its debts such as the principals and interests of deposits in time according to the repayment plan.

第七十一條   商業銀行不能支付到期債務，經國務院銀行業監督管理機構同意，由人民法院依法宣告其破產。商業銀行被宣告破產的，由人民法院組織國務院銀行業監督管理機構等有關部門和有關人員成立清算組，進行清算。

Article 71 Where a commercial bank is unable to pay the debts due, it may be adjudicated bankrupt by the people's courts according to law with the consent of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council. If a commercial bank is declared bankrupt, the People's Court shall organize the banking regulatory organ of the State Council and other relevant departments and persons to form a liquidation group for carrying out the liquidation.

商業銀行破產清算時，在支付清算費用、所欠職工工資和勞動保險費用後，應當優先支付個人儲蓄存款的本金和利息。

When liquidation is carried out after a commercial bank is declared bankrupt, payment of the principal of savings deposits of individuals and the interest thereon shall be given priority after the liquidation expenses, the wages owed to the employees and labor insurance premiums have been paid.

第七十二條   商業銀行因解散、被撤銷和被宣告破產而終止。

Article 72 Commercial banks shall terminate if dissolved, closed down or declared bankrupt.

第八章 法律責任

Chapter 8 Legal Liabilities

第七十三條   商業銀行有下列情形之一，對存款人或者其他客戶造成財產損害的，應當承擔支付遲延履行的利息以及其他民事責任：

Article 73 In any of the following circumstances, a commercial bank shall undertake to pay interests for the deferred payment and other civil legal liabilities to the property losses of depositors or other clients:

（一）無故拖延、拒絕支付存款本金和利息的；

1. Delaying or refusing the payment of the principal and interest of a deposit without reason;

（二）違反票據承兌等結算業務規定，不予兌現，不予收付入賬，壓單、壓票或者違反規定退票的；

(II) Failing to cash in instrument or record receipts and payments into account books in violation of the provisions on bill acceptance and other provisions on settlement business, holding down bills or instruments or returning the instruments in violation of provisions;

（三）非法查詢、凍結、扣劃個人儲蓄存款或者單位存款的；

(III) Illegally inquiring about, freezing or deducting individual savings deposits or entity deposits; or

（四）違反本法規定對存款人或者其他客戶造成損害的其他行為。

(IV) other acts in violation of this Law that cause damage to depositors or other clients.

有前款規定情形的，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構責令改正，有違法所得的，沒收違法所得，違法所得五萬元以上的，並處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰款；沒有違法所得或者違法所得不足五萬元的，處五萬元以上五十萬元以下罰款。

In the circumstances as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall order the commercial banks to correct, and confiscate the illegal gains if any, or impose a fine of one time up to five times the illegal gains if the illegal gains are more than CNY50,000; if there are no illegal gains or the illegal gains are less than CNY50,000, a fine of CNY50,000 up to CNY500,000 shall be imposed.

第七十四條   商業銀行有下列情形之一，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構責令改正，有違法所得的，沒收違法所得，違法所得五十萬元以上的，並處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰款；沒有違法所得或者違法所得不足五十萬元的，處五十萬元以上二百萬元以下罰款；情節特別嚴重或者逾期不改正的，可以責令停業整頓或者吊銷其經營許可證；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 74 In case a commercial bank has any of the following acts, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall order it to correct, and confiscate the illegal gains if any, or impose a fine of one time up to five times the illegal gains if the illegal gains are more than CNY500,000; if there are no illegal gains or the illegal gains are less than CNY500,000, a fine of CNY500,000 up to CNY2 million shall be imposed; if the circumstances are especially serious or the bank fails to correct within a prescribed time limit, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council may order it to straighten out by stopping business operation or revoke its permit for operation; if it constitutes a crime, it shall be subject to criminal liabilities according to law:

（一）未經批準設立分支機構的；

1. establishing branches without approval;

（二）未經批準分立、合並或者違反規定對變更事項不報批的；

(II) Making division or merger without authorization or failing to apply for approval for matters altered in violation of regulations;

（三）違反規定提高或者降低利率以及采用其他不正當手段，吸收存款，發放貸款的；

(III) Increasing or decreasing interest rate in violation of regulations or absorbing deposits or granting loans by any other illegal means;

（四）出租、出借經營許可證的；

(IV) leasing or lending permit for operation;

（五）未經批準買賣、代理買賣外匯的；

(V) Buying and selling foreign exchange by itself or as an agent without authorization;

（六）未經批準買賣政府債券或者發行、買賣金融債券的；

(VI) Buying and selling government bonds or issuing or buying and selling financial bonds without authorization;

（七）違反國家規定從事信托投資和證券經營業務、向非自用不動產投資或者向非銀行金融機構和企業投資的；

(VII) Engaging in trust & investment or securities dealing business, investing to non-self-use realty or non-bank financial institutions and enterprises in violation of state provisions; or

（八）向關系人發放信用貸款或者發放擔保貸款的條件優於其他借款人同類貸款的條件的。

(VIII) granting fiduciary loans to its connections or granting guaranteed loans to its connections on conditions that are more preferential than those for granting the same type of loans to other borrowers.

第七十五條   商業銀行有下列情形之一，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構責令改正，並處二十萬元以上五十萬元以下罰款；情節特別嚴重或者逾期不改正的，可以責令停業整頓或者吊銷其經營許可證；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 75 In case a commercial bank has any of the following acts, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall order it to correct and impose a fine of CNY200,000 up to CNY500,000; if the circumstances are especially serious or the bank refuses to correct within a prescribed time limit, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council may order them to straighten out by stopping business operation or revoke its permit for operation; if it constitutes a crime, it shall be subject to criminal liabilities according to law:

（一）拒絕或者阻礙國務院銀行業監督管理機構檢查監督的；

1. Refusing or impeding the inspection and supervision of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council;

（二）提供虛假的或者隱瞞重要事實的財務會計報告、報表和統計報表的；

2. Providing financial report or statement and statistical report which are false or conceal any important facts;

（三）未遵守資本充足率、資產流動性比例、同一借款人貸款比例和國務院銀行業監督管理機構有關資產負債比例管理的其他規定的。

(III) Failing to abide by the provisions on capital sufficiency, assets fluidity ratio, proportion of loans granted to a same borrower, and other provisions of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council on the management of the assets liability proportions.

第七十六條   商業銀行有下列情形之一，由中國人民銀行責令改正，有違法所得的，沒收違法所得，違法所得五十萬元以上的，並處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰款；沒有違法所得或者違法所得不足五十萬元的，處五十萬元以上二百萬元以下罰款；情節特別嚴重或者逾期不改正的，中國人民銀行可以建議國務院銀行業監督管理機構責令停業整頓或者吊銷其經營許可證；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 76 In case a commercial bank has any of the following circumstances, the People's Bank of China shall order it to correct, and confiscate the illegal gains if any, or impose a fine of one time up to five times the illegal gains if the illegal gains are more than CNY500,000; if there are no illegal gains or the illegal gains are less than CNY500,000, a fine of CNY500,000 up to CNY2 million shall be imposed; if the circumstance is extremely serious or the bank fails to correct within a prescribed time limit, the People's Bank of China may suggest the banking regulatory organ of the State Council to order it to straighten out by stopping its business operations or revoking its permit for operation; if it constitutes a crime, it shall be subject to criminal liabilities:

（一）未經批準辦理結匯、售匯的；

1. Handling exchange settlement or selling without authorization;

（二）未經批準在銀行間債券市場發行、買賣金融債券或者到境外借款的；

2. Issuing, buying or selling financial bonds at the inter-bank bonds markets or seeking loans overseas without authorization; or

（三）違反規定同業拆借的。

3. Making inter-bank borrowing or lending in violation of regulations.

第七十七條   商業銀行有下列情形之一，由中國人民銀行責令改正，並處二十萬元以上五十萬元以下罰款；情節特別嚴重或者逾期不改正的，中國人民銀行可以建議國務院銀行業監督管理機構責令停業整頓或者吊銷其經營許可證；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

Article 77 In case a commercial bank has any of the following circumstances, the People's Bank of China shall order it to correct, and impose a fine of CNY200,000 up to CNY500,000; if the circumstances are especially serious or the bank refuses to correct within a prescribed time limit, the People's Bank of China may suggest the banking regulatory organ of the State Council to order it to straighten out by stopping its business operations or revoking its permit for operation; in case it constitutes a crime, it shall be subject to criminal liabilities:

（一）拒絕或者阻礙中國人民銀行檢查監督的；

1. refusing or impeding the inspection and supervision of the People's Bank of China;

（二）提供虛假的或者隱瞞重要事實的財務會計報告、報表和統計報表的；

2. Providing financial report or statement and statistical report which are false or conceal any important facts;

（三）未按照中國人民銀行規定的比例交存存款準備金的。

(III) failing to deposit a reserve fund at a rate prescribed by the People's Bank of China.

第七十八條   商業銀行有本法第七十三條至第七十七條規定情形的，對直接負責的董事、高級管理人員和其他直接責任人員，應當給予紀律處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 78 In case a commercial bank has the circumstances as prescribed in Article 73 to Article 77 of this Law, the directors or senior management personnel directly responsible and other persons directly liable shall be given a disciplinary punishment; if it constitutes a crime, they shall be subject to criminal liabilities according to law.

第七十九條   有下列情形之一，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構責令改正，有違法所得的，沒收違法所得，違法所得五萬元以上的，並處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰款；沒有違法所得或者違法所得不足五萬元的，處五萬元以上五十萬元以下罰款：

Article 79 In any of the following circumstances, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall order the commercial banks to correct, and confiscate the illegal gains if any, or impose a fine of one time up to five times the illegal gains if the illegal gains are more than CNY50,000; if there are no illegal gains or the illegal gains are less than CNY50,000, a fine of CNY50,000 up to CNY500,000 shall be imposed:

（一）未經批準在名稱中使用“銀行”字樣的；

1. using the word "bank" in its name without authorization;

（二）未經批準購買商業銀行股份總額百分之五以上的；

2. Buying more than 5% of the total shares of the commercial bank without authorization; or

（三）將單位的資金以個人名義開立賬戶存儲的。

3. Opening an account in the name of an individual to deposit the capital of an entity.

第八十條   商業銀行不按照規定向國務院銀行業監督管理機構報送有關文件、資料的，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構責令改正，逾期不改正的，處十萬元以上三十萬元以下罰款。

Article 80 In the event that a commercial bank fails to report relevant documents and materials to the banking regulatory organ of the State Council as required, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall order it to correct, or impose a fine of CNY100 ,000 up to CNY300,000 if it refuses to correct within a prescribed time limit.

商業銀行不按照規定向中國人民銀行報送有關文件、資料的，由中國人民銀行責令改正，逾期不改正的，處十萬元以上三十萬元以下罰款。

In case a commercial bank fails to report relevant documents or materials to the People's Bank of China as required, the PBC shall order it to correct, or impose a fine of CNY100 ,000 up to CNY300,000 if it refuses to correct within a prescribed time limit.

第八十一條   未經國務院銀行業監督管理機構批準，擅自設立商業銀行，或者非法吸收公眾存款、變相吸收公眾存款，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；並由國務院銀行業監督管理機構予以取締。

Article 81 Those who set up a commercial bank without the approval of the banking regulatory organ of the State Council or absorb public deposits illegally or in any disguised form, which constitute a crime, shall be subject to criminal liabilities according to law; and the bank shall be banned the by banking regulatory organ of the State Council.

偽造、變造、轉讓商業銀行經營許可證，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Whoever forges, alters or transfers the permit for operation of a commercial bank shall, if a crime is constituted, be investigated for criminal liabilities in accordance with law.

第八十二條   借款人采取欺詐手段騙取貸款，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 82 A borrower who obtains a loan by fraud thus constituting a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

第八十三條   有本法第八十一條、第八十二條規定的行為，尚不構成犯罪的，由國務院銀行業監督管理機構沒收違法所得，違法所得五十萬元以上的，並處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰款；沒有違法所得或者違法所得不足五十萬元的，處五十萬元以上二百萬元以下罰款。

Article 83 In case a commercial bank has any act as prescribed in Article 81 and Article 82 of this Law, which is not serious enough to constitute a crime, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council shall confiscate the illegal gains if any, or impose a fine of one time up to five times the illegal gains if the illegal gains are more than CNY500,000; if there are no illegal gains or the illegal gains are less than CNY500,000, a fine of CNY500,000 up to CNY2 million shall be imposed.

第八十四條   商業銀行工作人員利用職務上的便利，索取、收受賄賂或者違反國家規定收受各種名義的回扣、手續費，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，應當給予紀律處分。

Article 84 If employees of a commercial bank use their positions to demand, receive or accept bribes, or receive or accept rebates or commissions of any description in violation of State regulations, and a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law. If the case is not serious enough to constitute a crime, disciplinary measures shall be taken.

有前款行為，發放貸款或者提供擔保造成損失的，應當承擔全部或者部分賠償責任。

If anyone commits an act specified in the preceding paragraph and causes losses in granting a loan or providing a guaranty, the person shall be fully or partially liable for compensation.

第八十五條   商業銀行工作人員利用職務上的便利，貪汙、挪用、侵占本行或者客戶資金，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；尚不構成犯罪的，應當給予紀律處分。

Article 85 If employees of a commercial bank use their positions to embezzle, misappropriate or seize money belonging to the bank or any client, and a crime is constituted thereby, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law. If a crime is not constituted, disciplinary measures shall be taken against them.

第八十六條   商業銀行工作人員違反本法規定玩忽職守造成損失的，應當給予紀律處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 86 If employees of a commercial bank cause losses by neglecting their duties in violation of the provisions of this Law, disciplinary measures shall be taken against them. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law.

違反規定徇私向親屬、朋友發放貸款或者提供擔保造成損失的，應當承擔全部或者部分賠償責任。

If anyone causes losses by practicing favoritism towards his relatives or friends in granting loans or providing guaranty in violation of regulations, the person shall be fully or partially liable for compensation.

第八十七條   商業銀行工作人員泄露在任職期間知悉的國家秘密、商業秘密的，應當給予紀律處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 87 If employees of a commercial bank disclose State or business secrets that they come to know during their employment, disciplinary measures shall be taken against them. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law.

第八十八條   單位或者個人強令商業銀行發放貸款或者提供擔保的，應當對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員或者個人給予紀律處分；造成損失的，應當承擔全部或者部分賠償責任。

Article 88. Where an organisation or individual compels a commercial bank to grant loans or provide guarantees, the person-in-charge and other personnel directly responsible shall be subject to disciplinary measures and be liable for full or partial compensation.

商業銀行的工作人員對單位或者個人強令其發放貸款或者提供擔保未予拒絕的，應當給予紀律處分；造成損失的，應當承擔相應的賠償責任。

If employees of a commercial bank fail to refuse to grant a loan or to provide a guaranty forcibly demanded by a unit or individual, disciplinary measures shall be taken against them and, if losses are caused thereby, they shall assume appropriate liability for compensation.

第八十九條   商業銀行違反本法規定的，國務院銀行業監督管理機構可以區別不同情形，取消其直接負責的董事、高級管理人員一定期限直至終身的任職資格，禁止直接負責的董事、高級管理人員和其他直接責任人員一定期限直至終身從事銀行業工作。

Article 89 In case a commercial bank violates the provisions of this Law, the banking regulatory organ of the State Council may disqualify the directors or senior management personnel directly responsible for holding the post for a certain period of time or even disqualify them for lifetime for holding the post, or prohibit the directors or senior management personnel directly responsible and other persons directly liable from holding the post for a certain period of time or even ban them from undertaking the banking work for lifelong in light of the specific circumstances.

商業銀行的行為尚不構成犯罪的，對直接負責的董事、高級管理人員和其他直接責任人員，給予警告，處五萬元以上五十萬元以下罰款。

In case the acts of a commercial bank are not serious enough to constitute a crime, the directors or senior management personnel directly responsible and other persons directly liable shall be given warnings or imposed a fine of CNY50,000 up to CNY500,000.

第九十條   商業銀行及其工作人員對國務院銀行業監督管理機構、中國人民銀行的處罰決定不服的，可以依照《中華人民共和國行政訴訟法》的規定向人民法院提起訴訟。

Article 90 If a commercial bank and its employees refuse to accept the decisions of punishment by the banking regulatory organ of the State Council or the People's Bank of China, they may lodge a complaint to the people's court in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Proceedings.

第九章 附則

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

第九十一條   本法施行前，按照國務院的規定經批準設立的商業銀行不再辦理審批手續。

Article 91 Commercial banks established with approval according to the regulations of the State Council before the promulgation of this Law are no longer required to undergo examination and approval procedures.

第九十二條   外資商業銀行、中外合資商業銀行、外國商業銀行分行適用本法規定，法律、行政法規另有規定的，依照其規定。

Article 92. The provisions of this Law shall apply to foreign-funded commercial banks, Sino-foreign joint equity commercial banks and branches of foreign commercial banks unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations.

第九十三條   城市信用合作社、農村信用合作社辦理存款、貸款和結算等業務，適用本法有關規定。

Article 93 The relevant provisions of this Law is applicable to urban and rural credit cooperatives in their handling of deposits, loans, settlement, and other businesses.

第九十四條   郵政企業辦理商業銀行的有關業務，適用本法有關規定。

Article 94 The relevant provisions of this Law shall be applicable to the postal enterprises in their handling of relevant commercial bank business.

第九十五條   本法自2015年10月1日起施行。

Article 95 The Law shall come into force as of October 1, 2015.