中華人民共和國企業破產法(中英文對照版)
中華人民共和國企業破產法Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China
法律文本
中華人民共和國企業破產法
Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China
主席令第五十四號
Presidential Decree No. 54
(2006年8月27日第十屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十三次會議通過)
(Adopted at the 23rd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on August 27, 2006)
第一章 總 則
Chapter 1 General Provisions
第一條 為規範企業破產程序,公平清理債權債務,保護債權人和債務人的合法權益,維護社會主義市場經濟秩序,制定本法。
Article 1. This Law is formulated for the purposes of standardising bankruptcy procedures of enterprises, settling claims and debts fairly, protecting the lawful rights and interests of creditors and debtors and safeguarding the order of socialist market economy.
第二條 企業法人不能清償到期債務,並且資產不足以清償全部債務或者明顯缺乏清償能力的,依照本法規定清理債務。
Article 2 Where an enterprise legal person is unable to pay off its debts due and its assets are insufficient to pay off all its debts or such legal person is obviously insolvent, its debts shall be liquidated in accordance with this Law.
企業法人有前款規定情形,或者有明顯喪失清償能力可能的,可以依照本法規定進行重整。
An enterprise legal person that falls under any of the circumstances as specified in the preceding paragraph or is clearly likely to lose its solvency may carry out reorganization in accordance with the provisions hereof.
第三條 破產案件由債務人住所地人民法院管轄。
Article 3. A bankruptcy case shall come under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the debtor is located.
第四條 破產案件審理程序,本法沒有規定的,適用民事訴訟法的有關規定。
Article 4 Where this Law has not provided for the procedures for hearing of bankruptcy cases, the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedural Law shall apply.
第五條 依照本法開始的破產程序,對債務人在中華人民共和國領域外的財產發生效力。
Article 5 The bankruptcy proceedings initiated according to this Law shall have effect on the property of the debtor outside the territory of the People's Republic of China.
對外國法院作出的發生法律效力的破產案件的判決、裁定,涉及債務人在中華人民共和國領域內的財產,申請或者請求人民法院承認和執行的,人民法院依照中華人民共和國締結或者參加的國際條約,或者按照互惠原則進行審查,認為不違反中華人民共和國法律的基本原則,不損害國家主權、安全和社會公共利益,不損害中華人民共和國領域內債權人的合法權益的,裁定承認和執行。
Where a foreign court's judgment or ruling on a bankruptcy case that has taken legal effect relates to the debtor's property within the territory of the People's Republic of China and an application or request for the recognition and enforcement of such judgment or ruling is filed with the People's Court, the People's Court shall, pursuant to international treaties concluded or participated by the People's Republic of China or in accordance with the principle of reciprocity, examine the application or request; where the People's Court deems that the application or request does not violate the basic principles of the laws of the People's Republic of China, does not compromise national sovereignty, security and public interest, and does not harm the legitimate rights and interests of the creditors within the People's Republic of China, the People's Court shall rule on recognition and enforcement.
第六條 人民法院審理破產案件,應當依法保障企業職工的合法權益,依法追究破產企業經營管理人員的法律責任。
Article 6 The people's court shall, in any trial of a bankruptcy case, safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the employees of the bankrupt enterprise and pursue the legal liability of the management personnel of the bankrupt enterprise in accordance with the law.
第二章 申請和受理
Chapter 2 Application and Acceptance
第一節 申 請
Section 1 Application
第七條 債務人有本法第二條規定的情形,可以向人民法院提出重整、和解或者破產清算申請。
Article 7. A debtor who fits any of the descriptions in Article 2 may apply to a People's Court for restructuring, settlement or bankruptcy liquidation.
債務人不能清償到期債務,債權人可以向人民法院提出對債務人進行重整或者破產清算的申請。
Where a debtor is unable to repay its debts as they become due, the creditors may apply to a People's Court for restructuring or bankruptcy liquidation of the debtor.
企業法人已解散但未清算或者未清算完畢,資產不足以清償債務的,依法負有清算責任的人應當向人民法院申請破產清算。
Where an enterprise legal person has been dissolved but has not been liquidated or has not completed the liquidation, and its assets are insufficient to pay off the debts, the person responsible for liquidation legally shall apply for bankruptcy liquidation to the people's court.
第八條 向人民法院提出破產申請,應當提交破產申請書和有關證據。
Article 8. A bankruptcy application form and the relevant evidence shall be submitted to a People's Court for a bankruptcy application.
破產申請書應當載明下列事項:
A bankruptcy application shall specify the following particulars:
(一)申請人、被申請人的基本情況;
1. the basic information of the applicant and the respondent;
(二)申請目的;
2. Purpose of the application;
(三)申請的事實和理由;
(III) facts and reasons for the application;
(四)人民法院認為應當載明的其他事項。
(IV) other matters that the people's court considers necessary to be included.
債務人提出申請的,還應當向人民法院提交財產狀況說明、債務清冊、債權清冊、有關財務會計報告、職工安置預案以及職工工資的支付和社會保險費用的繳納情況。
Where the application is submitted by the debtor, the debtor shall submit a statement of its financial status, a list of debts, a list of creditor's rights, the relevant financial and accounting reports, staff resettlement plan and a statement of payment of staff wages and contribution of social security premiums to the People's Court.
第九條 人民法院受理破產申請前,申請人可以請求撤回申請。
Article 9 Before the people's court accepts the application for bankruptcy, the applicant may request to withdraw the application.
第二節 受 理
Section 2 Acceptance
第十條 債權人提出破產申請的,人民法院應當自收到申請之日起五日內通知債務人。債務人對申請有異議的,應當自收到人民法院的通知之日起七日內向人民法院提出。人民法院應當自異議期滿之日起十日內裁定是否受理。
Article 10. Where a bankruptcy application is made by the creditors, the People's Court shall notify the debtor within five days from the receipt of the application. Where the debtor objects to the application, it shall raise its objection to the People's Court within seven days from the date of receipt of the notice from the People's Court. The People's Court shall rule on acceptance or non-acceptance of lodgement within 10 days from expiry of the objection period.
除前款規定的情形外,人民法院應當自收到破產申請之日起十五日內裁定是否受理。
In the circumstances other than those specified in the preceding paragraph, the People's Court shall decide whether or not to accept the application within 15 days of the receipt of the application for bankruptcy.
有特殊情況需要延長前兩款規定的裁定受理期限的,經上一級人民法院批準,可以延長十五日。
Where the time limit for ruling on acceptance of the application stipulated in the two preceding paragraphs needs to be extended under special circumstances, an extension of 15 days may be granted upon approval by the higher-level People's Court.
第十一條 人民法院受理破產申請的,應當自裁定作出之日起五日內送達申請人。
Article 11. Where a People's Court accepts a bankruptcy application, a notice shall be delivered to the applicant within five days from the date of the ruling.
債權人提出申請的,人民法院應當自裁定作出之日起五日內送達債務人。債務人應當自裁定送達之日起十五日內,向人民法院提交財產狀況說明、債務清冊、債權清冊、有關財務會計報告以及職工工資的支付和社會保險費用的繳納情況。
Where an application is made by the creditors, the People's Court shall deliver a ruling to the debtor within five days from the date of making the ruling. The debtor shall, within 15 days from the date of service of the ruling, submit to the People's Court a statement of status of its assets, a list of its debts, a list of its creditors' rights, the relevant financial and accounting reports, as well as its staff wage payments and social security contributions.
第十二條 人民法院裁定不受理破產申請的,應當自裁定作出之日起五日內送達申請人並說明理由。申請人對裁定不服的,可以自裁定送達之日起十日內向上一級人民法院提起上訴。
Article 12. Where a People's Court rules against the acceptance of a bankruptcy application, a notice with reasons thereto shall be delivered to the applicant within five days from the date of delivery of the ruling. Where the applicant refuses to accept the ruling, it may appeal to the people's court at the next higher level within ten days as of the date when the ruling is served.
人民法院受理破產申請後至破產宣告前,經審查發現債務人不符合本法第二條規定情形的,可以裁定駁回申請。申請人對裁定不服的,可以自裁定送達之日起十日內向上一級人民法院提起上訴。
Where, after accepting an application for bankruptcy but prior to the declaration of bankruptcy, the people's court finds upon examination that the debtor does not conform to any of the circumstances as prescribed in Article 2 of this Law, it may make an order to reject the application. Where the applicant refuses to accept the ruling, it may appeal to the people's court at the next higher level within ten days as of the date when the ruling is served.
第十三條 人民法院裁定受理破產申請的,應當同時指定管理人。
Article 13. Where a People's Court rules in favour of accepting a bankruptcy application, the People's Court shall simultaneously appoint an administrator.
第十四條 人民法院應當自裁定受理破產申請之日起二十五日內通知已知債權人,並予以公告。
Article 14. The People's Court shall, within 25 days from the date of its ruling on acceptance of a bankruptcy application, notify all known creditors and make a public announcement.
通知和公告應當載明下列事項:
The notice and public announcement shall specify the following matters:
(一)申請人、被申請人的名稱或者姓名;
1. the names of the applicant and the respondent;
(二)人民法院受理破產申請的時間;
(II) the time when the people's court accepts the application for bankruptcy; and
(三)申報債權的期限、地點和注意事項;
(III) time limit, place and matters needing attention in declaration of the claims; and
(四)管理人的名稱或者姓名及其處理事務的地址;
(IV) the title or name of the administrator and the address for its business operations;
(五)債務人的債務人或者財產持有人應當向管理人清償債務或者交付財產的要求;
(V) the debtor's debtor or property holder's request to pay off debts or deliver property to the administrator;
(六)第一次債權人會議召開的時間和地點;
(VI) time and place for the first creditors' meeting;
(七)人民法院認為應當通知和公告的其他事項。
(VII) any other matters deemed necessary by the People's Court to be notified and announced.
第十五條 自人民法院受理破產申請的裁定送達債務人之日起至破產程序終結之日,債務人的有關人員承擔下列義務:
Article 15 During the period from the day when the ruling on acceptance by the People's Court of the application for bankruptcy is served on the debtor to the day when the bankruptcy proceedings are concluded, the relevant personnel of the debtor shall bear the following obligations:
(一)妥善保管其占有和管理的財產、印章和賬簿、文書等資料;
1. properly keep the property, seals, account books, documents and other materials that are occupied, used and managed by them;
(二)根據人民法院、管理人的要求進行工作,並如實回答詢問;
(II) Working according to the requirements of the People's Court and the administrator and answering the inquiries truthfully;
(三)列席債權人會議並如實回答債權人的詢問;
(III) Attending the creditors' meeting as nonvoting delegates and answering the creditors' inquiries truthfully;
(四)未經人民法院許可,不得離開住所地;
(IV) Not to leave their places of domicile without the permission of the people's court; and
(五)不得新任其他企業的董事、監事、高級管理人員。
(V) directors, supervisors and senior managers of other enterprises.
前款所稱有關人員,是指企業的法定代表人;經人民法院決定,可以包括企業的財務管理人員和其他經營管理人員。
The relevant personnel referred to in the preceding paragraph shall mean the legal representatives of the enterprise; and may, upon decision by the People's Court, include the financial management personnel and other business management personnel of the enterprise.
第十六條 人民法院受理破產申請後,債務人對個別債權人的債務清償無效。
Article 16 After the People's Court accepts the application for bankruptcy, it shall be invalid for the debtor to pay off debts to individual creditors. (Relevant articles:
第十七條 人民法院受理破產申請後,債務人的債務人或者財產持有人應當向管理人清償債務或者交付財產。
Article 17 After a People's Court accepts an application for bankruptcy, the debtor's debtor or property holder shall settle its debts or deliver the property to the administrator.
債務人的債務人或者財產持有人故意違反前款規定向債務人清償債務或者交付財產,使債權人受到損失的,不免除其清償債務或者交付財產的義務。
Where any debtor to the debtor under consideration or any holder of assets belonging to the debtor under consideration intentionally violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph by making debt settlement with or transfers the assets to the debtor under consideration, thereby causing loss to creditors, their debt settlement obligation or property transfer obligation shall not be waived.
第十八條 人民法院受理破產申請後,管理人對破產申請受理前成立而債務人和對方當事人均未履行完畢的合同有權決定解除或者繼續履行,並通知對方當事人。管理人自破產申請受理之日起二個月內未通知對方當事人,或者自收到對方當事人催告之日起三十日內未答複的,視為解除合同。
Article 18 Upon acceptance by the People's Court of the application for bankruptcy, the administrator is entitled to rescind or continue the performance of contracts concluded before the acceptance of the application for bankruptcy but the performance of which has not been completed, and notify the counterpart concerned of the same. Where the administrator fails to notify the other party to the contract within two months from the date of acceptance of the bankruptcy application or fails to reply within 30 days from the date of receipt of a reminder by the other party to the contract, the contract shall be deemed rescinded.
管理人決定繼續履行合同的,對方當事人應當履行;但是,對方當事人有權要求管理人提供擔保。管理人不提供擔保的,視為解除合同。
Where the administrator decides on the continued performance of the contract, the counterparty shall perform the contract; however, the counterparty shall have the right to request for a security deposit from the administrator. If the Administrator fails to provide security, the contract shall be deemed to be terminated.
第十九條 人民法院受理破產申請後,有關債務人財產的保全措施應當解除,執行程序應當中止。
Article 19. Upon the acceptance of a bankruptcy application by the People's Court, preservation measures over the relevant debtor's assets shall be lifted and enforcement procedures shall be suspended.
第二十條 人民法院受理破產申請後,已經開始而尚未終結的有關債務人的民事訴訟或者仲裁應當中止;在管理人接管債務人的財產後,該訴訟或者仲裁繼續進行。
Article 20. Upon acceptance of a bankruptcy application by a People's Court, all commenced and pending civil proceedings or arbitration proceedings that are related to the debtor shall be suspended; such proceedings or arbitration shall continue after the administrator has taken over the assets of the debtor.
第二十一條 人民法院受理破產申請後,有關債務人的民事訴訟,只能向受理破產申請的人民法院提起。
Article 21 After the People's Court has accepted an application for bankruptcy, any civil action concerning the debtor shall be instituted only in the People's Court that has accepted the application for bankruptcy.
第三章 管理人
Chapter III Administrator
第二十二條 管理人由人民法院指定。
Article 22. An administrator shall be appointed by the People's Court.
債權人會議認為管理人不能依法、公正執行職務或者有其他不能勝任職務情形的,可以申請人民法院予以更換。
Where the creditors' meeting believes that an administrator is unable to perform its duties fairly pursuant to the law or is unable to perform its duties competently, the creditors' meeting may apply to the People's Court for a replacement.
指定管理人和確定管理人報酬的辦法,由最高人民法院規定。
The measures for appointment of an administrator and for determination of remuneration of an administrator shall be formulated by the Supreme People's Court.
第二十三條 管理人依照本法規定執行職務,向人民法院報告工作,並接受債權人會議和債權人委員會的監督。
Article 23. An administrator shall perform its duties pursuant to the provisions of this Law, report its work status to the People's Court, and be subject to the supervision of the creditors' meeting and the creditors' committee.
管理人應當列席債權人會議,向債權人會議報告職務執行情況,並回答詢問。
The administrator shall attend the creditors' meeting as a non-voting delegate, report the performance of its duties to the creditors' meeting and answer inquiries. (Relevant articles:
第二十四條 管理人可以由有關部門、機構的人員組成的清算組或者依法設立的律師事務所、會計師事務所、破產清算事務所等社會中介機構擔任。
Article 24. An administrator may be a liquidation team comprising the relevant departments and organisations or a social intermediary such as a law firm, accounting firm or bankruptcy liquidation firm established in accordance with the law.
人民法院根據債務人的實際情況,可以在征詢有關社會中介機構的意見後,指定該機構具備相關專業知識並取得執業資格的人員擔任管理人。
A People's Court may, based on the actual circumstances of the debtor and upon consultation with the relevant social intermediary, appoint a qualified practitioner possessing the relevant professional knowledge to act as an administrator in such an organisation.
有下列情形之一的,不得擔任管理人:
A person shall not act as an administrator in any of the following circumstances:
(一)因故意犯罪受過刑事處罰;
1. Having been subject to any criminal punishment due to an intentional crime;
(二)曾被吊銷相關專業執業證書;
(II) Having been revoked of the relevant professional practicing certificate;
(三)與本案有利害關系;
(III) Having interests in the case;
(四)人民法院認為不宜擔任管理人的其他情形。
(IV) any other circumstances where the People's Court deems inappropriate for the appointment as an administrator.
個人擔任管理人的,應當參加執業責任保險。
An individual who acts as an administrator shall participate in professional liability insurance.
第二十五條 管理人履行下列職責:
Article 25 A bankruptcy administrator shall perform the following duties:
(一)接管債務人的財產、印章和賬簿、文書等資料;
1. Taking over the debtor's data such as property, seals, account books and documents, etc.;
(二)調查債務人財產狀況,制作財產狀況報告;
(II) Investigating the debtor's property status and working out a report of property status;
(三)決定債務人的內部管理事務;
(III) Deciding on the internal management affairs of the debtor;
(四)決定債務人的日常開支和其他必要開支;
(IV) Determining the daily expenditures and other necessary expenditures of the debtor;
(五)在第一次債權人會議召開之前,決定繼續或者停止債務人的營業;
(V) a decision to continue or suspend the debtor's business before the first creditors' meeting is held;
(六)管理和處分債務人的財產;
(VI) Administrating and disposing of the debtor's properties;
(七)代表債務人參加訴訟、仲裁或者其他法律程序;
(VII) participating in a lawsuit, arbitration or other legal procedure on behalf of the debtor;
(八)提議召開債權人會議;
(VIII) Proposing to hold a creditors' meeting;
(九)人民法院認為管理人應當履行的其他職責。
(IX) other duties that the people's court deems to be performed by the administrator.
本法對管理人的職責另有規定的,適用其規定。
Where this Law provides otherwise on the duties of an administrator, such provisions shall prevail.
第二十六條 在第一次債權人會議召開之前,管理人決定繼續或者停止債務人的營業或者有本法第六十九條規定行為之一的,應當經人民法院許可。
Article 26 Prior to convening of the first creditors' meeting, where the administrator decides to continue or suspend the business operations of the debtor or commits any of the acts stipulated in Article 69, consent of the People's Court shall be required.
第二十七條 管理人應當勤勉盡責,忠實執行職務。
Article 27. An administrator shall perform its duties diligently and perform its duties faithfully.
第二十八條 管理人經人民法院許可,可以聘用必要的工作人員。
Article 28 Upon consent by the People's Court, an administrator may employ the requisite staff.
管理人的報酬由人民法院確定。債權人會議對管理人的報酬有異議的,有權向人民法院提出。
The administrator's remuneration shall be determined by the People's Court. Where a creditors' meeting has an objection to the administrator's remuneration, it shall have the right to raise the objection with the People's Court.
第二十九條 管理人沒有正當理由不得辭去職務。管理人辭去職務應當經人民法院許可。
Article 29. An administrator shall not resign without a proper reason. The resignation of an administrator shall be subject to the permission of the People's Court.
第四章 債務人財產
Chapter 4 Debtor's Property
第三十條 破產申請受理時屬於債務人的全部財產,以及破產申請受理後至破產程序終結前債務人取得的財產,為債務人財產。
Article 30 All the property that belongs to the debtor at the time when the application for bankruptcy is accepted and the property that the debtor obtains after the acceptance of the application for bankruptcy but before the termination of the bankruptcy proceedings are the property of the debtor. (Relevant articles:
第三十一條 人民法院受理破產申請前一年內,涉及債務人財產的下列行為,管理人有權請求人民法院予以撤銷:
Article 31 Within one year before the People's Court accepts the application for bankruptcy, the administrator is entitled to request the People's Court to rescind the following acts that involve the debtor's property:
(一)無償轉讓財產的;
1. transferring property without compensation;
(二)以明顯不合理的價格進行交易的;
(II) transactions conducted at a price which is manifestly unreasonable;
(三)對沒有財產擔保的債務提供財產擔保的;
(III) providing a property guarantee for a debt that is not secured with property;
(四)對未到期的債務提前清償的;
(IV) making payment of undue debts in advance;
(五)放棄債權的。
(V) abandonment of claims.
第三十二條 人民法院受理破產申請前六個月內,債務人有本法第二條第一款規定的情形,仍對個別債權人進行清償的,管理人有權請求人民法院予以撤銷。但是,個別清償使債務人財產受益的除外。
Article 32 Where a debtor falls under the circumstances stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 2 of this Law during the six-month period preceding the acceptance of the bankruptcy application by the People's Court, and continues to settle debts with individual creditors, the administrator shall have the right to apply to the People's Court for revocation. However, separate payment for the benefits of the debtor's property shall be excluded.
第三十三條 涉及債務人財產的下列行為無效:
Article 33 The following acts involving the debtor's property shall be invalid:
(一)為逃避債務而隱匿、轉移財產的;
1. concealing or transferring property in order to evade debts;
(二)虛構債務或者承認不真實的債務的。
2. fabricating debts or recognizing untrue debts.
第三十四條 因本法第三十一條、第三十二條或者第三十三條規定的行為而取得的債務人的財產,管理人有權追回。
Article 34 The administrator is entitled to recover the debtor's property that is obtained through activities prescribed in Article 31, Article 32 or Article 33 of this Law. (Relevant articles:
第三十五條 人民法院受理破產申請後,債務人的出資人尚未完全履行出資義務的,管理人應當要求該出資人繳納所認繳的出資,而不受出資期限的限制。
Article 35. Where a capital contributor of the debtor, upon acceptance of a bankruptcy application by a People's Court, has yet to perform its capital contribution obligation, the administrator shall require the capital contributor to make the capital contribution for the subscribed capital contribution and such a request for capital contribution shall not be subject to any time limit restrictions.
第三十六條 債務人的董事、監事和高級管理人員利用職權從企業獲取的非正常收入和侵占的企業財產,管理人應當追回。
Article 36. Where the directors, supervisors and senior management personnel of the debtor abuse their official powers to obtain abnormal income from the enterprise and encroach upon enterprise assets, the administrator shall recover the abnormal income.
第三十七條 人民法院受理破產申請後,管理人可以通過清償債務或者提供為債權人接受的擔保,取回質物、留置物。
Article 37 After the People's Court accepts the application for bankruptcy, the administrator may take back the pledge property and lien property by paying off the debts or providing guarantee acceptable for the creditors. (Relevant articles:
前款規定的債務清償或者替代擔保,在質物或者留置物的價值低於被擔保的債權額時,以該質物或者留置物當時的市場價值為限。
Where the value of the pledge property or lien property prescribed in the preceding paragraph is lower than the amount of obligation secured, the market value of such pledge property or lien property at the time shall prevail.
第三十八條 人民法院受理破產申請後,債務人占有的不屬於債務人的財產,該財產的權利人可以通過管理人取回。但是,本法另有規定的除外。
Article 38. Upon acceptance of a bankruptcy application by the People's Court, the rights holder may recover through the administrator the assets held by the debtor which do not belong to the debtor's assets. However, if the provisions of this Law stipulate otherwise, such provisions shall prevail.
第三十九條 人民法院受理破產申請時,出賣人已將買賣標的物向作為買受人的債務人發運,債務人尚未收到且未付清全部價款的,出賣人可以取回在運途中的標的物。但是,管理人可以支付全部價款,請求出賣人交付標的物。
Article 39 At the time of acceptance of the application for bankruptcy by the People's Court, if the seller has already dispatched the subject matter of the trading to the debtor as the buyer and the debtor has not received and paid off the full price, the seller may take back the subject matter in transit. However, the Administrator may pay the full price and request the seller to deliver the subject matter.
第四十條 債權人在破產申請受理前對債務人負有債務的,可以向管理人主張抵銷。但是,有下列情形之一的,不得抵銷:
Article 40 Where a creditor owes debts to the debtor before the acceptance of the bankruptcy application, the creditor may request that the administrator set off. However, no setoff may be made if:
(一)債務人的債務人在破產申請受理後取得他人對債務人的債權的;
1. The debtor's debtor obtains the creditor's right of any other party against the debtor after the application for bankruptcy is accepted;
(二)債權人已知債務人有不能清償到期債務或者破產申請的事實,對債務人負擔債務的;但是,債權人因為法律規定或者有破產申請一年前所發生的原因而負擔債務的除外;
(II) Where a creditor learns that a debtor is insolvent or has filed for bankruptcy, and is indebted to the debtor, except where the creditor assumes the indebtedness in accordance with the law or for any reason occurring one year before the application for bankruptcy is filed;
(三)債務人的債務人已知債務人有不能清償到期債務或者破產申請的事實,對債務人取得債權的;但是,債務人的債務人因為法律規定或者有破產申請一年前所發生的原因而取得債權的除外。
(III) Where a debtor of the debtor knows the fact that the debtor is insolvent or has filed a bankruptcy application, and thereby obtains the creditor's right against the debtor, except where the debtor's debtor obtains the creditor's right in accordance with the law or for any reason occurring one year before the bankruptcy application is filed.
第五章 破產費用和共益債務
Chapter 5 Bankruptcy Expenses and Collective Debts
第四十一條 人民法院受理破產申請後發生的下列費用,為破產費用:
Article 41 The following expenses incurred after the acceptance by the people's court of the application for bankruptcy are bankruptcy expenses:
(一)破產案件的訴訟費用;
1. the litigation fees of the bankruptcy case;
(二)管理、變價和分配債務人財產的費用;
2. Expenses for managing, appraising and distributing the debtor's properties;
(三)管理人執行職務的費用、報酬和聘用工作人員的費用。
(III) The costs and remuneration of the administrator in the performance of its duties and the expenses for employing its staff.
第四十二條 人民法院受理破產申請後發生的下列債務,為共益債務:
Article 42 The following debts that occur after the people's court has accepted the application for bankruptcy are debts of common benefit:
(一)因管理人或者債務人請求對方當事人履行雙方均未履行完畢的合同所產生的債務;
1. debts arising from the request by the administrator or the debtor to the other party to perform the contract that has not been fully performed; and
(二)債務人財產受無因管理所產生的債務;
(II) Debts arising from the debtor's assets under voluntary management;
(三)因債務人不當得利所產生的債務;
3. debts arising from unjust enrichment by the debtor; and
(四)為債務人繼續營業而應支付的勞動報酬和社會保險費用以及由此產生的其他債務;
(IV) Labor remuneration and social insurance premiums payable for the continuous operation of the debtor and other debts arising therefrom; and
(五)管理人或者相關人員執行職務致人損害所產生的債務;
(V) debts incurred by a person as a result of the performance of duties by the administrator or the relevant persons;
(六)債務人財產致人損害所產生的債務。
(VI) debts incurred as a result of damage caused by the debtor's property to others.
第四十三條 破產費用和共益債務由債務人財產隨時清償。
Article 43. The debtor's assets shall be used to settle bankruptcy expenses and collective debts at any time.
債務人財產不足以清償所有破產費用和共益債務的,先行清償破產費用。
If the debtor’s property is insufficient to pay off all expenses for bankruptcy and debts of common benefit, the expenses of bankruptcy shall be paid off first.
債務人財產不足以清償所有破產費用或者共益債務的,按照比例清償。
Where the debtor's assets are insufficient for settlement of all bankruptcy expenses or collective debts, settlement shall be made on a pro rata basis.
債務人財產不足以清償破產費用的,管理人應當提請人民法院終結破產程序。人民法院應當自收到請求之日起十五日內裁定終結破產程序,並予以公告。
Where the debtor's assets are insufficient for settlement of bankruptcy expenses, the administrator shall apply to the People's Court for termination of bankruptcy procedures. The People's Court shall, within 15 days from the date of receipt of the request, make a ruling for termination of bankruptcy procedures and make a public announcement.
第六章 債權申報
Chapter 6 Declaration of Credits
第四十四條 人民法院受理破產申請時對債務人享有債權的債權人,依照本法規定的程序行使權利。
Article 44. Creditors holding creditor rights against the debtor at the time of acceptance of a bankruptcy application by the People's Court shall exercise their rights in accordance with the procedures stipulated in this Law.
第四十五條 人民法院受理破產申請後,應當確定債權人申報債權的期限。債權申報期限自人民法院發布受理破產申請公告之日起計算,最短不得少於三十日,最長不得超過三個月。
Article 45 After accepting an application for bankruptcy, the people's court shall determine the period for declaration of creditor rights by creditors. The time limit for declaration of creditor rights shall commence from the date of the public announcement by the People's Court on acceptance of the bankruptcy application and shall not be less than 30 days but shall not exceed three months.
第四十六條 未到期的債權,在破產申請受理時視為到期。
Article 46 The undue credit shall be deemed as due when the application for bankruptcy is accepted.
附利息的債權自破產申請受理時起停止計息。
Creditor rights with interest shall cease to accrue interest from the time of acceptance of a bankruptcy application.
第四十七條 附條件、附期限的債權和訴訟、仲裁未決的債權,債權人可以申報。
Article 47. Creditors may declare any other term or any time limit, and any pending litigation or arbitration.
第四十八條 債權人應當在人民法院確定的債權申報期限內向管理人申報債權。
Article 48. Creditors shall declare their creditor rights to the administrator within the time limit for declaration of creditor rights determined by the People's Court.
債務人所欠職工的工資和醫療、傷殘補助、撫恤費用,所欠的應當劃入職工個人賬戶的基本養老保險、基本醫療保險費用,以及法律、行政法規規定應當支付給職工的補償金,不必申報,由管理人調查後列出清單並予以公示。職工對清單記載有異議的,可以要求管理人更正;管理人不予更正的,職工可以向人民法院提起訴訟。
The salaries and medical and disability subsidies and pension expenses due to employees by the debtor, the basic pension insurance and basic medical insurance expenses due to the individual accounts of employees, and compensations that shall be paid to the employees as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations are not required to be declared, and shall be listed and published by the administrator after investigation. Where a worker objects to any of the contents in the list, he/she may request that the manager make correction; where the manager does not make correction, the worker may file a lawsuit with a People's Court.
第四十九條 債權人申報債權時,應當書面說明債權的數額和有無財產擔保,並提交有關證據。申報的債權是連帶債權的,應當說明。
Article 49 When declaring creditor's rights, the creditor shall state in writing the amount of the creditor's rights and whether there is a property guarantee, and submit the relevant evidence. If the reported claims are joint and several claims, explanations shall be made.
第五十條 連帶債權人可以由其中一人代表全體連帶債權人申報債權,也可以共同申報債權。
Article 50 The joint and several creditors may declare credits by one representative creditor declaring credits for all the joint and several creditors or jointly declare credits. (Relevant articles:
第五十一條 債務人的保證人或者其他連帶債務人已經代替債務人清償債務的,以其對債務人的求償權申報債權。
Article 51 The guarantors of a debtor or other joint debtors who have paid off the debts on behalf of the debtor shall declare credits with the recourse right which they enjoy against the debtor.
債務人的保證人或者其他連帶債務人尚未代替債務人清償債務的,以其對債務人的將來求償權申報債權。但是,債權人已經向管理人申報全部債權的除外。
The guarantors of a debtor or other joint debtors who have not paid off the debts on behalf of the debtor shall declare credits with the future recourse right that they enjoy against the debtor, if they have not paid off the debts on behalf of the debtor. However, there shall be an exception where the creditors have declared all creditor rights with the administrator.
第五十二條 連帶債務人數人被裁定適用本法規定的程序的,其債權人有權就全部債權分別在各破產案件中申報債權。
Article 52 Where the procedures prescribed in this Law have applied to the joint debtors as ruled, their creditors are entitled to declare credits in separate bankruptcy cases for all the credits respectively. (Relevant articles:
第五十三條 管理人或者債務人依照本法規定解除合同的,對方當事人以因合同解除所產生的損害賠償請求權申報債權。
Article 53. Where an administrator or a debtor terminates a contract pursuant to the provisions of this Law, the other party to the contract must declare creditor rights in respect of any claim for damages arising from the termination of the contract.
第五十四條 債務人是委托合同的委托人,被裁定適用本法規定的程序,受托人不知該事實,繼續處理委托事務的,受托人以由此產生的請求權申報債權。
Article 54 Where the debtor is the principal of an entrustment contract and procedures under this Law apply to it upon the ruling but the agent is unaware of the fact and continues to handle the entrusted affairs, the agent is entitled to declare credits with the claims therefrom. (Relevant articles:
第五十五條 債務人是票據的出票人,被裁定適用本法規定的程序,該票據的付款人繼續付款或者承兌的,付款人以由此產生的請求權申報債權。
Article 55. Where a debtor is the drawer of a negotiable instrument and the procedures under this Law apply to the debtor pursuant to a ruling and the payor of the negotiable instrument continues to pay or accept the instrument, the payor must declare creditor rights for any claims arising therefrom.
第五十六條 在人民法院確定的債權申報期限內,債權人未申報債權的,可以在破產財產最後分配前補充申報;但是,此前已進行的分配,不再對其補充分配。為審查和確認補充申報債權的費用,由補充申報人承擔。
Article 56 Where creditors fail to declare their claims within the time limit for declaration of claims determined by the people's court, they may make a supplementary declaration before the final distribution of the bankruptcy property. However, no supplementary distribution shall be made for any distribution that has been made before. The expenses incurred for the examination and determination of the complementary declaration credit shall be borne by the complementary declaration party.
債權人未依照本法規定申報債權的,不得依照本法規定的程序行使權利。
A creditor who fails to declare its creditor rights pursuant to the provisions of this Law shall not exercise its rights pursuant to the procedures stipulated in this Law.
第五十七條 管理人收到債權申報材料後,應當登記造冊,對申報的債權進行審查,並編制債權表。
Article 57 Upon receipt of the materials for declaration of creditor's rights, the administrator shall register the creditor's rights in a register, examine the declared creditor's rights, and formulate a statement of creditor's rights.
債權表和債權申報材料由管理人保存,供利害關系人查閱。
The statement of creditor rights and the materials for declaration of creditor rights shall be kept by the administrator and be made available for inspection by interested parties.
第五十八條 依照本法第五十七條規定編制的債權表,應當提交第一次債權人會議核查。
Article 58. The statement of creditor rights that is prepared pursuant to the provisions of Article 57 shall be submitted to the first creditors' meeting for examination.
債務人、債權人對債權表記載的債權無異議的,由人民法院裁定確認。
Where the debtor and the creditors have no objection to the records in the statement of creditor rights, the People's Court shall make a ruling for confirmation.
債務人、債權人對債權表記載的債權有異議的,可以向受理破產申請的人民法院提起訴訟。
Where the debtor or a creditor objects to the records in the statement of creditor rights, a lawsuit may be filed with the People's Court which accepted the bankruptcy application.
第七章 債權人會議
Chapter 7 Creditors' Meeting
第一節 一般規定
Section 1 General Provisions
第五十九條 依法申報債權的債權人為債權人會議的成員,有權參加債權人會議,享有表決權。
Article 59 The creditors who have declared credits according to law are the members of the creditors' meeting. They shall have the right to attend the creditors' meeting and enjoy the right to vote.
債權尚未確定的債權人,除人民法院能夠為其行使表決權而臨時確定債權額的外,不得行使表決權。
Unless the People's Court is able to determine creditor rights provisionally for the exercise of voting rights by the creditors, creditors whose creditor rights are undetermined shall not exercise voting rights.
對債務人的特定財產享有擔保權的債權人,未放棄優先受償權利的,對於本法第六十一條第一款第七項、第十項規定的事項不享有表決權。
Creditors who enjoy security interests over specific assets of the debtor who have not forfeited their preferential right to repayment shall not have voting rights on matters stipulated in item (7) and item (10) of the first paragraph of Article 61.
債權人可以委托代理人出席債權人會議,行使表決權。代理人出席債權人會議,應當向人民法院或者債權人會議主席提交債權人的授權委托書。
A creditor may appoint a proxy to attend a creditors' meeting and exercise voting rights on its behalf. A proxy who attends a creditors' meeting shall submit a power of attorney to the People's Court or the chairman of the creditors' meeting.
債權人會議應當有債務人的職工和工會的代表參加,對有關事項發表意見。
The representatives of the employees of the debtor and the trade unions shall attend the creditors' meeting and express opinions on the relevant matters. (Relevant articles:
第六十條 債權人會議設主席一人,由人民法院從有表決權的債權人中指定。
Article 60. A chairman for the creditors' meeting shall be appointed by the People's Court from among the creditors with voting rights.
債權人會議主席主持債權人會議。
The chairman of the creditors' meeting shall preside over the creditors' meeting.
第六十一條 債權人會議行使下列職權:
Article 61 A creditors' meeting shall exercise the following functions and powers:
(一)核查債權;
1. Check the creditor's rights;
(二)申請人民法院更換管理人,審查管理人的費用和報酬;
(II) Applying to the people's court for replacing the administrator and reviewing the administrator's expenses and remuneration;
(三)監督管理人;
(III) supervising the administrator;
(四)選任和更換債權人委員會成員;
(IV) Selecting and replacing the members of the creditors' committee;
(五)決定繼續或者停止債務人的營業;
(V) Deciding whether to continue or stop the business operations of the debtor;
(六)通過重整計劃;
(VI) Adopting a reorganization plan;
(七)通過和解協議;
(VII) the adoption of a settlement agreement;
(八)通過債務人財產的管理方案;
(VIII) adopting the plan for the management of the debtor's property;
(九)通過破產財產的變價方案;
(IX) passing the conversion plan of bankruptcy property; and
(十)通過破產財產的分配方案;
(X) passing the distribution plan of bankruptcy property; and
(十一)人民法院認為應當由債權人會議行使的其他職權。
11. other functions and powers that the people's court considers ought to be exercised by the creditors' meeting.
債權人會議應當對所議事項的決議作成會議記錄。
The creditors' meeting shall keep minutes of resolutions on the matters discussed.
第六十二條 第一次債權人會議由人民法院召集,自債權申報期限屆滿之日起十五日內召開。
Article 62 The first creditors' meeting shall be convened by the people's court, and shall be held within 15 days after the expiration of the period for reporting claims.
以後的債權人會議,在人民法院認為必要時,或者管理人、債權人委員會、占債權總額四分之一以上的債權人向債權人會議主席提議時召開。
Subsequent creditors' meetings shall be convened as and when the People's Court deems necessary, or, upon a proposal to the chairman of the creditors' meeting by the administrator, the creditors' committee or the creditors that hold one-quarter or more of the total claims.
第六十三條 召開債權人會議,管理人應當提前十五日通知已知的債權人。
Article 63. The administrator shall notify all known creditors 15 days in advance of the convening of a creditors' meeting.
第六十四條 債權人會議的決議,由出席會議的有表決權的債權人過半數通過,並且其所代表的債權額占無財產擔保債權總額的二分之一以上。但是,本法另有規定的除外。
Article 64 Resolutions of the creditors meeting shall be adopted by more than half of the creditors with the right to vote present at the meeting; and the amount of their credits must comprise more than half of the total amount of credits that are not secured with property. However, if the provisions of this Law stipulate otherwise, such provisions shall prevail.
債權人認為債權人會議的決議違反法律規定,損害其利益的,可以自債權人會議作出決議之日起十五日內,請求人民法院裁定撤銷該決議,責令債權人會議依法重新作出決議。
Where a creditor believes that a resolution of the creditors' meeting violates provisions under the law and is detrimental to creditors' interests, the creditor may, within 15 days from the date of the resolution passed, make a request to the People's Court for a ruling to revoke the resolution and order the creditors' meeting to pass a new resolution pursuant to the law.
債權人會議的決議,對於全體債權人均有約束力。
A resolution of the creditors' meeting shall be binding on all creditors.
第六十五條 本法第六十一條第一款第八項、第九項所列事項,經債權人會議表決未通過的,由人民法院裁定。
Article 65 Where a matter under item (8) or item (9) of the first paragraph of Article 61 is not resolved at the creditors' meeting, the People's Court shall make a ruling thereon.
本法第六十一條第一款第十項所列事項,經債權人會議二次表決仍未通過的,由人民法院裁定。
Where a matter under item (10) of the first paragraph of Article 61 remains unresolved at the second voting of a creditors' meeting, the People's Court shall make a ruling on that matter.
對前兩款規定的裁定,人民法院可以在債權人會議上宣布或者另行通知債權人。
The People's Court may announce the ruling prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs at the creditors' meeting or notify the creditors separately. (Relevant articles:
第六十六條 債權人對人民法院依照本法第六十五條第一款作出的裁定不服的,債權額占無財產擔保債權總額二分之一以上的債權人對人民法院依照本法第六十五條第二款作出的裁定不服的,可以自裁定宣布之日或者收到通知之日起十五日內向該人民法院申請複議。複議期間不停止裁定的執行。
Article 66. Where a creditor objects a ruling of the People's Court made pursuant to the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 65 or where creditors whose creditor rights represent half or more of the total unsecured creditor's rights object a ruling of the People's Court made pursuant to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 65, the creditor (s) may apply for a review within 15 days from the date of announcement of the ruling or the date of receipt of the notice. Enforcement of the ruling shall not be suspended during the review period.
第二節 債權人委員會
Section 2 Creditors' Committee
第六十七條 債權人會議可以決定設立債權人委員會。債權人委員會由債權人會議選任的債權人代表和一名債務人的職工代表或者工會代表組成。債權人委員會成員不得超過九人。
Article 67 The creditors' meeting may decide to establish a creditors' committee. The creditors' committee shall comprise representatives of the creditors and a representative of the debtor's employees or the labour union. The creditors' committee shall not exceed nine members.
債權人委員會成員應當經人民法院書面決定認可。
Members of the creditors' committee shall obtain a written confirmation issued by the People's Court.
第六十八條 債權人委員會行使下列職權:
Article 68 A creditors' committee shall exercise the following functions and powers:
(一)監督債務人財產的管理和處分;
1. Supervising the management and disposal of the debtor's property;
(二)監督破產財產分配;
(II) Supervising the distribution of the bankruptcy properties; and
(三)提議召開債權人會議;
(III) Proposing to hold a creditors' meeting;
(四)債權人會議委托的其他職權。
(IV) other functions and powers entrusted by the creditors' meeting.
債權人委員會執行職務時,有權要求管理人、債務人的有關人員對其職權範圍內的事務作出說明或者提供有關文件。
The creditors' committee shall, in the course of performing its duties, have the right to request the administrator and the relevant personnel of the debtor to provide explanation on matters within the scope of their duties or to provide the relevant documents.
管理人、債務人的有關人員違反本法規定拒絕接受監督的,債權人委員會有權就監督事項請求人民法院作出決定;人民法院應當在五日內作出決定。
Where the administrator and the relevant personnel of the debtor violate provisions in this Law by refusing supervision, the creditors' committee shall have the right to request the People's Court to make a decision on the supervision; the People's Court shall make a decision within five days.
第六十九條 管理人實施下列行為,應當及時報告債權人委員會:
Article 69 Any of the following acts carried out by an administrator shall be reported to the creditors' committee in a timely manner:
(一)涉及土地、房屋等不動產權益的轉讓;
1. The transfer of real estate rights and interests, such as land and property, is involved;
(二)探礦權、采礦權、知識產權等財產權的轉讓;
(II) transfer of property rights such as exploration rights, mining rights, intellectual property rights, etc;
(三)全部庫存或者營業的轉讓;
3. transfer of the whole stock or business;
(四)借款;
(IV) loans;
(五)設定財產擔保;
(V) setting property guarantee;
(六)債權和有價證券的轉讓;
(VI) Transfer of creditor's right and securities;
(七)履行債務人和對方當事人均未履行完畢的合同;
(VII) a contract the performance of which by both the debtor and the other party has not been completed;
(八)放棄權利;
(VIII) waiver of rights;
(九)擔保物的取回;
(IX) retrieval of the collateral;
(十)對債權人利益有重大影響的其他財產處分行為。
10. other property disposals that may have material impact on the interests of creditors.
未設立債權人委員會的,管理人實施前款規定的行為應當及時報告人民法院。
Where a creditors' committee has not been established, the administrator shall promptly report any act in the preceding paragraph to the People's Court.
第八章 重 整
Chapter 8 Reorganization
第一節 重整申請和重整期間
Section 1. Application and period of reorganization.
第七十條 債務人或者債權人可以依照本法規定,直接向人民法院申請對債務人進行重整。
Article 70 The debtor or the creditors may, pursuant to the provisions of this Law, apply to the People's Court directly for debt restructuring.
債權人申請對債務人進行破產清算的,在人民法院受理破產申請後、宣告債務人破產前,債務人或者出資額占債務人注冊資本十分之一以上的出資人,可以向人民法院申請重整。
Where creditors apply for bankruptcy liquidation of the debtor after the People's Court accepts the bankruptcy application but before the debtor is declared bankrupt, the debtor or its capital contributors whose capital contribution constitutes one-tenth or more of the debtor's registered capital may apply to the People's Court for restructuring.
第七十一條 人民法院經審查認為重整申請符合本法規定的,應當裁定債務人重整,並予以公告。
Article 71. Where the People's Court, upon examination, deems that an application for restructuring complies with the provisions of this Law, the People's Court shall make a ruling for the restructuring of the debtor and a public announcement shall be made.
第七十二條 自人民法院裁定債務人重整之日起至重整程序終止,為重整期間。
Article 72. The restructuring period shall commence on the date of the People's Court's ruling for debtor restructuring until the termination of the restructuring procedures.
第七十三條 在重整期間,經債務人申請,人民法院批準,債務人可以在管理人的監督下自行管理財產和營業事務。
Article 73. During the restructuring period, upon application by the debtor and approval by the People's Court, the debtor may manage its assets and business under the supervision of the administrator.
有前款規定情形的,依照本法規定已接管債務人財產和營業事務的管理人應當向債務人移交財產和營業事務,本法規定的管理人的職權由債務人行使。
Under the circumstances stipulated in the preceding paragraph, the administrator that has taken over the debtor's assets and business affairs pursuant to the provisions of this Law shall hand over the assets and business affairs to the debtor and the debtor shall exercise the duties and powers of the administrator stipulated by this Law.
第七十四條 管理人負責管理財產和營業事務的,可以聘任債務人的經營管理人員負責營業事務。
Article 74. The administrator who is responsible for managing the assets and business matters may employ the business management personnel of the debtor to be responsible for the business matters.
第七十五條 在重整期間,對債務人的特定財產享有的擔保權暫停行使。但是,擔保物有損壞或者價值明顯減少的可能,足以危害擔保權人權利的,擔保權人可以向人民法院請求恢複行使擔保權。
Article 75. Security interests over specific assets of the debtor shall be suspended during the restructuring period. However, where there is a possibility of damage or obvious reduction in value of the security that is detrimental to the interests of the security holder, the security holder may apply to the People's Court for a resumption of the security interest.
在重整期間,債務人或者管理人為繼續營業而借款的,可以為該借款設定擔保。
Where the debtor or the administrator takes a loan for the purpose of continuing the business during the restructuring period, a security may be created for such loan.
第七十六條 債務人合法占有的他人財產,該財產的權利人在重整期間要求取回的,應當符合事先約定的條件。
Article 76 Where the obligee of any other's property lawfully occupied by the obligor requests to take back such property during the restructuring period, agreed conditions shall be met.
第七十七條 在重整期間,債務人的出資人不得請求投資收益分配。
Article 77 During the restructuring period, the capital contributories of the debtor shall not request for distribution of investment gains.
在重整期間,債務人的董事、監事、高級管理人員不得向第三人轉讓其持有的債務人的股權。但是,經人民法院同意的除外。
. During the restructuring period, the directors, supervisors and senior management personnel of the debtor shall not transfer their equity interests in the debtor to a third party. However, this shall not apply with the consent of the people's court.
第七十八條 在重整期間,有下列情形之一的,經管理人或者利害關系人請求,人民法院應當裁定終止重整程序,並宣告債務人破產:
Article 78 During the period of reorganization, the People's Court shall rule to terminate the reorganization procedures and declare the debtor bankrupt upon the request of the administrator or the interested parties under any of the following circumstances:
(一)債務人的經營狀況和財產狀況繼續惡化,缺乏挽救的可能性;
1. The debtor's state of operation and financial position continue to deteriorate and there is no possibility of redemption;
(二)債務人有欺詐、惡意減少債務人財產或者其他顯著不利於債權人的行為;
2. the obligor commits fraud or malicious reduction of the obligor's property or other acts obviously detrimental to the obligee;
(三)由於債務人的行為致使管理人無法執行職務。
3. the administrator is unable to perform its duties due to the act of the debtor.
第二節 重整計劃的制定和批準
Section 2 Preparation and Approval of Reorganization Plan
第七十九條 債務人或者管理人應當自人民法院裁定債務人重整之日起六個月內,同時向人民法院和債權人會議提交重整計劃草案。
Article 79. The debtor or the administrator shall, within six months from the date of the People's Court's ruling for debtor restructuring, submit a draft restructuring plan to the People's Court and the creditors' meeting simultaneously.
前款規定的期限屆滿,經債務人或者管理人請求,有正當理由的,人民法院可以裁定延期三個月。
Upon expiry of the period stipulated in the preceding paragraph, where the debtor or the administrator requests and has a valid reason, the People's Court may rule on an extension of time of three months.
債務人或者管理人未按期提出重整計劃草案的,人民法院應當裁定終止重整程序,並宣告債務人破產。
Where the debtor or the administrator failed to submit a draft restructuring plan by the deadline, the People's Court shall rule on termination of restructuring procedures and declare the debtor bankrupt.
第八十條 債務人自行管理財產和營業事務的,由債務人制作重整計劃草案。
Article 80. Where the debtor manages its own assets and business affairs, the debtor shall prepare the draft restructuring plan.
管理人負責管理財產和營業事務的,由管理人制作重整計劃草案。
Where the administrator is responsible for managing the assets and business affairs, the administrator shall prepare the draft reorganization plan. (Relevant articles:
第八十一條 重整計劃草案應當包括下列內容:
Article 81 The draft reorganization plan shall include the following contents:
(一)債務人的經營方案;
1. the debtor's business plan;
(二)債權分類;
2. Classification of the creditor's right;
(三)債權調整方案;
(III) An adjustment plan of the creditor's right;
(四)債權受償方案;
(IV) A repayment plan of the creditor's right;
(五)重整計劃的執行期限;
(V) The time limit for implementing the rectification plan; and
(六)重整計劃執行的監督期限;
(VI) Time limits for supervising the implementation of the rectification plan; and
(七)有利於債務人重整的其他方案。
(VII) Any other plan conducive to the debtor's reorganization.
第八十二條 下列各類債權的債權人參加討論重整計劃草案的債權人會議,依照下列債權分類,分組對重整計劃草案進行表決:
Article 82 The creditors of the following categories of credits shall participate in the creditors' meeting for the discussion of the draft reorganization plan and vote on the draft reorganization plan by groups according to the classification of credits as follows:
(一)對債務人的特定財產享有擔保權的債權;
1. Claims secured on the specific property of the debtor;
(二)債務人所欠職工的工資和醫療、傷殘補助、撫恤費用,所欠的應當劃入職工個人賬戶的基本養老保險、基本醫療保險費用,以及法律、行政法規規定應當支付給職工的補償金;
(II) Salaries and medical and disability subsidies and pension expenses owed to employees by a debtor, basic pension insurance and basic medical insurance expenses that shall be transferred to the individual accounts of employees, and compensations payable to employees as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations;
(三)債務人所欠稅款;
(III) taxes owed by the debtor;
(四)普通債權。
(IV) ordinary creditor's rights.
人民法院在必要時可以決定在普通債權組中設小額債權組對重整計劃草案進行表決。
The People's Court may, if necessary, decide to set up a petty creditor rights group in the ordinary creditor's rights group to vote on the draft restructuring plan.
第八十三條 重整計劃不得規定減免債務人欠繳的本法第八十二條第一款第二項規定以外的社會保險費用;該項費用的債權人不參加重整計劃草案的表決。
Article 83 The reorganization plan may not provide for the reduction or exemption of the social insurance premiums owed by the debtor other than those specified in Item 2, Paragraph 1 of Article 82 of this Law, the creditors of which shall not participate in the voting on the draft reorganization plan. (Relevant articles:
第八十四條 人民法院應當自收到重整計劃草案之日起三十日內召開債權人會議,對重整計劃草案進行表決。
Article 84 The People's Court shall convene a creditors' meeting to vote on the draft restructuring plan within 30 days from the date of receipt of the draft restructuring plan.
出席會議的同一表決組的債權人過半數同意重整計劃草案,並且其所代表的債權額占該組債權總額的三分之二以上的,即為該組通過重整計劃草案。
Where a simple majority of creditors in the same voting group present at a meeting approves the draft restructuring plan, and the creditor rights of such creditors represent two-thirds or more of the total creditor rights of the group, the draft restructuring plan shall be deemed approved by the group.
債務人或者管理人應當向債權人會議就重整計劃草案作出說明,並回答詢問。
The debtor or the administrator shall provide an explanation of the draft restructuring plan at the creditors' meeting and answer any enquiries.
第八十五條 債務人的出資人代表可以列席討論重整計劃草案的債權人會議。
Article 85 The representatives of the investors of the debtor may attend as non-voting delegates the creditors' meeting that discusses the draft reorganization plan.
重整計劃草案涉及出資人權益調整事項的,應當設出資人組,對該事項進行表決。
Where the draft restructuring plan involves adjustment of interests of the capital contributories, a capital contributories group shall be formed to vote on the said matter.
第八十六條 各表決組均通過重整計劃草案時,重整計劃即為通過。
Article 86 Where the draft reorganization plan is adopted by all the voting groups, the reorganization plan shall be deemed as being adopted.
自重整計劃通過之日起十日內,債務人或者管理人應當向人民法院提出批準重整計劃的申請。人民法院經審查認為符合本法規定的,應當自收到申請之日起三十日內裁定批準,終止重整程序,並予以公告。
The debtor or the administrator shall apply to the People's Court for approval of the restructuring plan within 10 days from the date of passing of the restructuring plan. Where the People's Court, upon examination, deems that the application complies with the provisions of this Law, the People's Court shall make a ruling on the approval or termination of restructuring procedures within 30 days from the date of receipt of the application and make a public announcement.
第八十七條 部分表決組未通過重整計劃草案的,債務人或者管理人可以同未通過重整計劃草案的表決組協商。該表決組可以在協商後再表決一次。雙方協商的結果不得損害其他表決組的利益。
Article 87 Where some voting groups have not passed the draft restructuring plan, the debtor or the administrator may negotiate with the voting groups which have not passed the draft restructuring plan. The voting group may vote again after consultations. The result of the negotiation shall not damage the interests of the other voting groups.
未通過重整計劃草案的表決組拒絕再次表決或者再次表決仍未通過重整計劃草案,但重整計劃草案符合下列條件的,債務人或者管理人可以申請人民法院批準重整計劃草案:
Where the voting groups that do not agree with the draft restructuring plan refuse to vote again or still do not agree with the draft restructuring plan upon re-voting, but the draft restructuring plan satisfies the following criteria, the debtor or the administrator may apply to the People's Court for approval of the draft restructuring plan:
(一)按照重整計劃草案,本法第八十二條第一款第一項所列債權就該特定財產將獲得全額清償,其因延期清償所受的損失將得到公平補償,並且其擔保權未受到實質性損害,或者該表決組已經通過重整計劃草案;
1. According to the draft reorganization plan, the creditor's rights as listed in Item 1, Paragraph 1 of Article 82 of this Law will be repaid in full with respect to such specific property, and its losses from the deferred repayment will be compensated fairly without substantial damage to its security rights, or such voting group has adopted the draft reorganization plan;
(二)按照重整計劃草案,本法第八十二條第一款第二項、第三項所列債權將獲得全額清償,或者相應表決組已經通過重整計劃草案;
(II) The credits as listed in items (2) and (3) of paragraph 1 of Article 82 of this Law will be repaid in full, or the relevant voting group has adopted the draft reorganization plan, according to the draft reorganization plan;
(三)按照重整計劃草案,普通債權所獲得的清償比例,不低於其在重整計劃草案被提請批準時依照破產清算程序所能獲得的清償比例,或者該表決組已經通過重整計劃草案;
(III) According to the draft reorganization plan, the repayment proportion of ordinary credits shall not be lower than the repayment proportion it should obtain according to the bankruptcy liquidation procedures when the reorganization draft plan is submitted for approval, or the settlement group shall have passed the reorganization draft plan;
(四)重整計劃草案對出資人權益的調整公平、公正,或者出資人組已經通過重整計劃草案;
(IV) The fairness and justice of the adjustment to the rights and interests of the capital contributors in the draft reorganization plan, or the draft reorganization plan has been adopted by the capital contributors group;
(五)重整計劃草案公平對待同一表決組的成員,並且所規定的債權清償順序不違反本法第一百一十三條的規定;
(V) The draft reorganization plan shall equally treat the members of the same voting group and the repayment order prescribed in the draft reorganization plan shall not violate Article 113 of this Law;
(六)債務人的經營方案具有可行性。
(VI) The debtor's business plan is feasible.
人民法院經審查認為重整計劃草案符合前款規定的,應當自收到申請之日起三十日內裁定批準,終止重整程序,並予以公告。
Where the People's Court, upon examination, deems that the draft restructuring plan complies with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the People's Court shall make a ruling on approval or termination of restructuring procedures within 30 days from the date of receipt of the application and make a public announcement.
第八十八條 重整計劃草案未獲得通過且未依照本法第八十七條的規定獲得批準,或者已通過的重整計劃未獲得批準的,人民法院應當裁定終止重整程序,並宣告債務人破產。
Article 88. Where a draft restructuring plan has not been resolved and approved pursuant to the provisions of Article 87 or a resolved restructuring plan has not been approved, the People's Court shall rule on the termination of restructuring procedures and declare the debtor bankrupt.
第三節 重整計劃的執行
Section 3. Implementation of reorganization plan
第八十九條 重整計劃由債務人負責執行。
Article 89 The debtor shall be responsible for execution of the restructuring plan.
人民法院裁定批準重整計劃後,已接管財產和營業事務的管理人應當向債務人移交財產和營業事務。
After the People's Court has ruled to approve the reorganization plan, the administrator that has taken over the property and business affairs shall transfer the property and business affairs to the debtor. (Relevant articles:
第九十條 自人民法院裁定批準重整計劃之日起,在重整計劃規定的監督期內,由管理人監督重整計劃的執行。
Article 90. With effect from the date of the People's Court's ruling for approval of the restructuring plan and during the supervision period stipulated in the restructuring plan, the administrator shall supervise the execution of the restructuring plan.
在監督期內,債務人應當向管理人報告重整計劃執行情況和債務人財務狀況。
During the supervision period, the debtor shall report to the administrator on the status of implementation of the restructuring plan and the financial status of the debtor.
第九十一條 監督期屆滿時,管理人應當向人民法院提交監督報告。自監督報告提交之日起,管理人的監督職責終止。
Article 91 At the expiration of the supervision term, the administrator shall submit the supervision report to the People's Court. With effect from the date of submission of the monitoring report, the monitoring duties of the Manager shall terminate.
管理人向人民法院提交的監督報告,重整計劃的利害關系人有權查閱。
The interested parties of the restructuring plan shall have the right to inspect the supervision report submitted to the People's Court by the administrator.
經管理人申請,人民法院可以裁定延長重整計劃執行的監督期限。
The People's Court may, upon an application by the administrator, rule for an extension of the supervision period to execute the restructuring plan.
第九十二條 經人民法院裁定批準的重整計劃,對債務人和全體債權人均有約束力。
Article 92. A restructuring plan approved by a People's Court shall be binding on the debtor and all its creditors.
債權人未依照本法規定申報債權的,在重整計劃執行期間不得行使權利;在重整計劃執行完畢後,可以按照重整計劃規定的同類債權的清償條件行使權利。
Creditors who have not declared their creditor rights pursuant to the provisions of this Law shall not exercise their rights during the execution period of the restructuring plan; the creditors may, upon completion of the restructuring plan, exercise their rights under the terms and conditions of the same type of creditor rights stipulated in the restructuring plan.
債權人對債務人的保證人和其他連帶債務人所享有的權利,不受重整計劃的影響。
The rights of creditors against guarantors of the debtor and other joint debtors shall not be affected by the reorganization plan.
第九十三條 債務人不能執行或者不執行重整計劃的,人民法院經管理人或者利害關系人請求,應當裁定終止重整計劃的執行,並宣告債務人破產。
Article 93. Where a debtor is unable to execute or does not execute a restructuring plan, the People's Court shall, upon the request of the administrator or an interested party, rule on the termination of execution of the restructuring plan and declare the debtor bankrupt.
人民法院裁定終止重整計劃執行的,債權人在重整計劃中作出的債權調整的承諾失去效力。債權人因執行重整計劃所受的清償仍然有效,債權未受清償的部分作為破產債權。
Where the People's Court rules on terminating the execution of the restructuring plan, any undertaking made by creditors on adjustments to creditor rights under the restructuring plan shall become invalid. The repayment to the creditors for the execution of the reorganization plan shall still be valid, and the unpaid part of the claims shall be regarded as the bankruptcy claims.
前款規定的債權人,只有在其他同順位債權人同自己所受的清償達到同一比例時,才能繼續接受分配。
For the creditors mentioned in the preceding paragraph, they shall continue to receive distribution only when settlements made to them and the settlements made to other equally ranked creditors are of the same ratio.
有本條第一款規定情形的,為重整計劃的執行提供的擔保繼續有效。
In any of the circumstances stipulated in the first paragraph of this Article, any security provided for the execution of the restructuring plan shall continue to be valid.
第九十四條 按照重整計劃減免的債務,自重整計劃執行完畢時起,債務人不再承擔清償責任。
Article 94. Pursuant to any debt reduction or waivers under the restructuring plan, the debtor shall cease to be liable for repayment upon completion of the restructuring plan.
第九章 和 解
Chapter 9 Settlement
第九十五條 債務人可以依照本法規定,直接向人民法院申請和解;也可以在人民法院受理破產申請後、宣告債務人破產前,向人民法院申請和解。
Article 95. A debtor may apply to the People's Court directly for settlement pursuant to the provisions of this Law, or may apply to the People's Court for settlement after the People's Court has accepted the bankruptcy application and before the debtor is declared bankrupt.
債務人申請和解,應當提出和解協議草案。
A debtor applying for settlement shall propose a draft settlement agreement.
第九十六條 人民法院經審查認為和解申請符合本法規定的,應當裁定和解,予以公告,並召集債權人會議討論和解協議草案。
Article 96. Where a People's Court, upon examination, deems that a settlement application complies with the provisions of this Law, the People's Court shall make a ruling for settlement, make a public announcement and convene a creditors' meeting to discuss the draft settlement agreement.
對債務人的特定財產享有擔保權的權利人,自人民法院裁定和解之日起可以行使權利。
Holders of security interests over specific assets of the debtor may exercise their rights with effect from the date of the settlement ruling by the People's Court.
第九十七條 債權人會議通過和解協議的決議,由出席會議的有表決權的債權人過半數同意,並且其所代表的債權額占無財產擔保債權總額的三分之二以上。
Article 97. A resolution on the settlement agreement in a creditors' meeting shall be passed by a simple majority of the creditors with voting rights who attend the meeting, and those creditor rights represent two-thirds or more of the total unsecured creditor rights.
第九十八條 債權人會議通過和解協議的,由人民法院裁定認可,終止和解程序,並予以公告。管理人應當向債務人移交財產和營業事務,並向人民法院提交執行職務的報告。
Article 98. Where a resolution for a settlement agreement passed at a creditors' meeting is approved by the People's Court, the settlement procedures shall be terminated and a public announcement shall be made. The administrator shall transfer the property and business to the debtor and report to the People's Court on the performance of its duties. (Relevant articles:
第九十九條 和解協議草案經債權人會議表決未獲得通過,或者已經債權人會議通過的和解協議未獲得人民法院認可的,人民法院應當裁定終止和解程序,並宣告債務人破產。
Article 99 Where the draft composition agreement is not passed at the creditors' meeting, or the draft composition agreement passed at the creditors' meeting has not been approved by the People's Court, the People's Court shall terminate the composition procedures and declare the debtor bankrupt. (Relevant articles:
第一百條 經人民法院裁定認可的和解協議,對債務人和全體和解債權人均有約束力。
Article 100 The composition agreement approved by the ruling of the People's Court shall be binding on the debtor and all its creditors.
和解債權人是指人民法院受理破產申請時對債務人享有無財產擔保債權的人。
. A settlement creditor shall refer to a person who enjoys unsecured creditor rights against the debtor at the time of acceptance of a bankruptcy application by the People's Court.
和解債權人未依照本法規定申報債權的,在和解協議執行期間不得行使權利;在和解協議執行完畢後,可以按照和解協議規定的清償條件行使權利。
The composition creditors who have not declared their credits according to the provisions of this Law shall not exercise their rights during the performance of the composition agreement, which may be exercised according to the repayment conditions prescribed in the composition agreement after its completion. (Relevant articles:
第一百零一條 和解債權人對債務人的保證人和其他連帶債務人所享有的權利,不受和解協議的影響。
Article 101. The rights of settlement creditors against the guarantor of the debtor or other joint debtors shall not be affected by a settlement agreement.
第一百零二條 債務人應當按照和解協議規定的條件清償債務。
Article 102. The debtor shall settle debts pursuant to the terms and conditions of the settlement agreement.
第一百零三條 因債務人的欺詐或者其他違法行為而成立的和解協議,人民法院應當裁定無效,並宣告債務人破產。
Article 103. The People's Court shall rule a settlement agreement invalid and declare the debtor bankrupt for any settlement agreement that was concluded fraudulently or by any other illegal means by the debtor.
有前款規定情形的,和解債權人因執行和解協議所受的清償,在其他債權人所受清償同等比例的範圍內,不予返還。
In the circumstances prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the payment that the composition creditors get for the execution of the composition agreement shall not be returned within the scope of equal proportion payment to other creditors. (Relevant articles:
第一百零四條 債務人不能執行或者不執行和解協議的,人民法院經和解債權人請求,應當裁定終止和解協議的執行,並宣告債務人破產。
Article 104. Where a debtor is unable to execute or does not execute a settlement agreement, the People's Court shall, upon the request of the settlement creditor, rule on the termination of execution of the settlement agreement and declare the debtor bankrupt.
人民法院裁定終止和解協議執行的,和解債權人在和解協議中作出的債權調整的承諾失去效力。和解債權人因執行和解協議所受的清償仍然有效,和解債權未受清償的部分作為破產債權。
Where the People's Court has ruled on termination of performance of the settlement agreement, the commitment on adjustment of creditor's rights made by the settlement creditors in the settlement agreement shall become invalid. Settlements made to the settlement creditors under the settlement agreement shall remain valid, and any remainder unsettled creditor rights shall be bankruptcy creditor rights.
前款規定的債權人,只有在其他債權人同自己所受的清償達到同一比例時,才能繼續接受分配。
For the creditors mentioned in the preceding paragraph, they shall continue to receive distribution only when settlements made to them and the settlements made to other creditors are of the same ratio.
有本條第一款規定情形的,為和解協議的執行提供的擔保繼續有效。
Under the circumstances stipulated in the first paragraph of this Article, the guarantee provided for enforcement of the settlement agreement shall continue to be valid.
第一百零五條 人民法院受理破產申請後,債務人與全體債權人就債權債務的處理自行達成協議的,可以請求人民法院裁定認可,並終結破產程序。
Article 105. After the acceptance of a bankruptcy application by the People's Court, where the debtor and all its creditors have reached an agreement on the disposal of creditors' rights and debts, they may apply to the People's Court for a ruling of approval and terminate the bankruptcy procedures.
第一百零六條 按照和解協議減免的債務,自和解協議執行完畢時起,債務人不再承擔清償責任。
Article 106. Pursuant to any debt reduction or waivers under the settlement agreement, the debtor shall no longer bear liability for settlement once execution of the settlement agreement is completed.
第十章 破產清算
Chapter 10 Bankruptcy Liquidation
第一節 破產宣告
Section 1 Declaration of Bankruptcy
第一百零七條 人民法院依照本法規定宣告債務人破產的,應當自裁定作出之日起五日內送達債務人和管理人,自裁定作出之日起十日內通知已知債權人,並予以公告。
Article 107. Where a debtor is declared bankrupt by a People's Court in accordance with the provisions of this Law, a notice shall be delivered to the debtor and the administrator within five days from the date of the ruling and a notice shall be given to known creditors within 10 days from the date of the ruling and a public announcement shall be made.
債務人被宣告破產後,債務人稱為破產人,債務人財產稱為破產財產,人民法院受理破產申請時對債務人享有的債權稱為破產債權。
A debtor shall be referred to as a bankrupt upon being declared bankrupt and the debtor's assets shall be referred to as the bankrupt assets; creditor rights against the debtor at the time of acceptance of a bankruptcy application by the People's Court shall be referred to as bankruptcy creditor rights.
第一百零八條 破產宣告前,有下列情形之一的,人民法院應當裁定終結破產程序,並予以公告:
Article 108 In any of the following circumstances, the people's court shall, prior to the declaration of bankruptcy, rule to terminate the bankruptcy proceedings and make a public announcement:
(一)第三人為債務人提供足額擔保或者為債務人清償全部到期債務的;
1. a third party provides full security for the debtor or repays all of the due debts for the debtor;
(二)債務人已清償全部到期債務的。
(II) The debtor has paid off all due debts.
第一百零九條 對破產人的特定財產享有擔保權的權利人,對該特定財產享有優先受償的權利。
Article 109. Holders of security interests over specific assets of the bankrupt shall enjoy preferential repayment rights from such specific assets.
第一百一十條 享有本法第一百零九條規定權利的債權人行使優先受償權利未能完全受償的,其未受償的債權作為普通債權;放棄優先受償權利的,其債權作為普通債權。
Article 110 When the creditors who enjoy the rights provided in Article 109 of this Law have not been compensated in full in their exercise of the priority right for repayment, their uncompensated claims shall be regarded as common claims; when the creditors waive their priority right for repayment, their claims shall be regarded as common claims.
第二節 變價和分配
Section 2 Exchange and Distribution
第一百一十一條 管理人應當及時擬訂破產財產變價方案,提交債權人會議討論。
Article 111. The administrator shall promptly prepare a disposal plan for the bankrupt's assets and submit the disposal plan to the creditors' meeting for discussion.
管理人應當按照債權人會議通過的或者人民法院依照本法第六十五條第一款規定裁定的破產財產變價方案,適時變價出售破產財產。
The administrator shall promptly dispose the bankrupt's assets pursuant to the bankrupt's asset disposal plan passed by the creditors' meeting or the People's Court's ruling pursuant to the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 65.
第一百一十二條 變價出售破產財產應當通過拍賣進行。但是,債權人會議另有決議的除外。
Article 112 The conversion of bankruptcy property shall be conducted through auction. However, unless otherwise decided in the creditors’ meeting.
破產企業可以全部或者部分變價出售。企業變價出售時,可以將其中的無形資產和其他財產單獨變價出售。
The bankrupt enterprise may be sold off in whole or in part. Where the intangible assets and other properties of an enterprise are sold by means of conversion, they may be separately converted.
按照國家規定不能拍賣或者限制轉讓的財產,應當按照國家規定的方式處理。
Where the property cannot be auctioned or the transfer of which is restricted in accordance with the regulations of the State, it shall be disposed of in the way prescribed by the State.
第一百一十三條 破產財產在優先清償破產費用和共益債務後,依照下列順序清償:
Article 113 The bankruptcy property shall, after giving priority to paying off the expenses of bankruptcy proceedings and community liabilities, be used for the payment of debts in the following order:
(一)破產人所欠職工的工資和醫療、傷殘補助、撫恤費用,所欠的應當劃入職工個人賬戶的基本養老保險、基本醫療保險費用,以及法律、行政法規規定應當支付給職工的補償金;
1. Salaries and medical and disability subsidies and pension expenses owed to employees by a bankrupt person, basic pension insurance and basic medical insurance expenses that shall be transferred to the individual accounts of employees, and compensations payable to employees as prescribed by laws and administrative regulations;
(二)破產人欠繳的除前項規定以外的社會保險費用和破產人所欠稅款;
2. Social insurance premiums owed by the bankrupt other than those specified by the preceding paragraph and taxes owed by the bankrupt; and
(三)普通破產債權。
(III) ordinary bankruptcy claims.
破產財產不足以清償同一順序的清償要求的,按照比例分配。
Where the bankruptcy property is insufficient to meet all repayment claims having the same order of priority, it shall be distributed on a pro-rata basis.
破產企業的董事、監事和高級管理人員的工資按照該企業職工的平均工資計算。
The wages of the directors, supervisors and senior management personnel of the bankrupt enterprise shall be computed based on the average wage of the enterprise's employees.
第一百一十四條 破產財產的分配應當以貨幣分配方式進行。但是,債權人會議另有決議的除外。
Article 114 The distribution of bankruptcy property shall be conducted in the form of money distribution. However, unless otherwise decided in the creditors’ meeting.
第一百一十五條 管理人應當及時擬訂破產財產分配方案,提交債權人會議討論。
Article 115. The administrator shall promptly prepare a bankruptcy asset distribution plan and submit the same to the creditors' meeting for discussion.
破產財產分配方案應當載明下列事項:
The distribution plan of the bankruptcy property shall include the following items:
(一)參加破產財產分配的債權人名稱或者姓名、住所;
1. the names and domiciles of creditors participating in the distribution of the bankruptcy property;
(二)參加破產財產分配的債權額;
(II) the volume of claims attached to the bankruptcy property; and
(三)可供分配的破產財產數額;
(III) the distributable assets of bankruptcy; and
(四)破產財產分配的順序、比例及數額;
(IV) the order, proportion and amount of the bankruptcy properties;
(五)實施破產財產分配的方法。
(V) the methods of implementing the distribution of the bankruptcy properties.
債權人會議通過破產財產分配方案後,由管理人將該方案提請人民法院裁定認可。
After the creditors' meeting adopts the distribution plan for the bankruptcy property, the administrator shall submit the plan to the People's Court for confirmation.
第一百一十六條 破產財產分配方案經人民法院裁定認可後,由管理人執行。
Article 116. Upon approval of the bankruptcy distribution plan by the People's Court, the administrator shall execute the plan.
管理人按照破產財產分配方案實施多次分配的,應當公告本次分配的財產額和債權額。管理人實施最後分配的,應當在公告中指明,並載明本法第一百一十七條第二款規定的事項。
Where the administrator implements multiple distributions according to the distribution plan for the bankruptcy property, the administrator shall announce the amount of property and credit of the current distribution. In the case of final distribution, the administrator shall also make announcement as appropriate, which shall incorporate all the items listed in Paragraph 2, Article 117 of this Law. (Relevant articles:
第一百一十七條 對於附生效條件或者解除條件的債權,管理人應當將其分配額提存。
Article 117. Where creditor's rights are subject to any attached validation or rescission conditions, the administrator shall hold the distribution amount in relation to those conditions.
管理人依照前款規定提存的分配額,在最後分配公告日,生效條件未成就或者解除條件成就的,應當分配給其他債權人;在最後分配公告日,生效條件成就或者解除條件未成就的,應當交付給債權人。
Where the administrator holds distributions pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and validation conditions are not satisfied or the rescission conditions are satisfied on the date of announcement of final distribution, the distributions shall be made to other creditors; where validation conditions are not satisfied or the rescission conditions are not satisfied on the date of announcement of final distribution, the distributions shall be made to the creditors.
第一百一十八條 債權人未受領的破產財產分配額,管理人應當提存。債權人自最後分配公告之日起滿二個月仍不領取的,視為放棄受領分配的權利,管理人或者人民法院應當將提存的分配額分配給其他債權人。
Article 118 The portion of distributed property unaccepted by creditors shall be set aside and preserved by the administrator. The administrator or the People's Court shall distribute the undistributed amount to other creditors. (Relevant articles:
第一百一十九條 破產財產分配時,對於訴訟或者仲裁未決的債權,管理人應當將其分配額提存。自破產程序終結之日起滿二年仍不能受領分配的,人民法院應當將提存的分配額分配給其他債權人。
Article 119 With respect to pending claims in litigation or arbitration at the time of the distribution, the administrator shall set aside due proportion of property. Where the distributed amounts have not been collected two years after the date of termination of bankruptcy procedures, the People's Court shall distribute the held distributed amounts to other creditors.
第三節 破產程序的終結
Section 3 — Termination of Bankruptcy Procedures
第一百二十條 破產人無財產可供分配的,管理人應當請求人民法院裁定終結破產程序。
Article 120 If the bankrupt person has no property to distribute, the administrator shall apply to the People's Court for conclusion of the bankruptcy proceedings.
管理人在最後分配完結後,應當及時向人民法院提交破產財產分配報告,並提請人民法院裁定終結破產程序。
Upon completion of the final distribution, the administrator shall promptly submit the distribution report on the bankrupt's assets to the People's Court and apply to the People's Court for a ruling for termination of bankruptcy procedures.
人民法院應當自收到管理人終結破產程序的請求之日起十五日內作出是否終結破產程序的裁定。裁定終結的,應當予以公告。
The People's Court shall make a ruling on whether to terminate the bankruptcy proceedings within 15 days after receiving the request from the administrator. Where the People's Court rules on termination, a public announcement shall be made.
第一百二十一條 管理人應當自破產程序終結之日起十日內,持人民法院終結破產程序的裁定,向破產人的原登記機關辦理注銷登記。
Article 121 The administrator shall, within 10 days from the date of termination of bankruptcy procedures, present the ruling of the People's Court on termination of bankruptcy procedures to complete deregistration formalities with the original registration authorities of the bankrupt.
第一百二十二條 管理人於辦理注銷登記完畢的次日終止執行職務。但是,存在訴訟或者仲裁未決情況的除外。
Article 122. The administrator shall cease performance of duties on the following day of the completion of deregistration formalities. However, there are no pending litigations or arbitration.
第一百二十三條 自破產程序依照本法第四十三條第四款或者第一百二十條的規定終結之日起二年內,有下列情形之一的,債權人可以請求人民法院按照破產財產分配方案進行追加分配:
Article 123 Within two years of the date of the termination of the bankruptcy proceedings according to the provisions in the fourth paragraph of Article 43 or Article 120 of this Law, the creditors may, under any of the following circumstances, apply to the people's court for additional distribution according to the distribution plan:
(一)發現有依照本法第三十一條、第三十二條、第三十三條、第三十六條規定應當追回的財產的;
1. upon discovery of property that shall be recovered in accordance with Articles 31, 32, 33 and 36 hereof;
(二)發現破產人有應當供分配的其他財產的。
(II) the bankrupt person is found to have other property that should be distributed.
有前款規定情形,但財產數量不足以支付分配費用的,不再進行追加分配,由人民法院將其上交國庫。
Under the circumstances stipulated in the preceding paragraph, where the assets are insufficient for distribution of expenses, no additional distribution shall be made and the People's Court shall turn over the assets to the treasury.
第一百二十四條 破產人的保證人和其他連帶債務人,在破產程序終結後,對債權人依照破產清算程序未受清償的債權,依法繼續承擔清償責任。
Article 124 After the termination of the bankruptcy proceedings, the guarantor and other joint debtors of the bankrupt person shall continue to be responsible for the repayment of those creditor's rights that have not been repaid according to the bankruptcy liquidation procedures.
第十一章 法律責任
Chapter 11 Legal Liabilities
第一百二十五條 企業董事、監事或者高級管理人員違反忠實義務、勤勉義務,致使所在企業破產的,依法承擔民事責任。
Article 125 Any director, supervisor or senior manager of an enterprise who breaches his duty of loyalty or diligence and thereby causes the bankruptcy of the enterprise that he works for shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law.
有前款規定情形的人員,自破產程序終結之日起三年內不得擔任任何企業的董事、監事、高級管理人員。
A person mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall not be appointed as a director, supervisor or senior management personnel of any enterprise within three years from the date of termination of bankruptcy procedures.
第一百二十六條 有義務列席債權人會議的債務人的有關人員,經人民法院傳喚,無正當理由拒不列席債權人會議的,人民法院可以拘傳,並依法處以罰款。債務人的有關人員違反本法規定,拒不陳述、回答,或者作虛假陳述、回答的,人民法院可以依法處以罰款。
Article 126. Where a person is under a duty to attend creditors' meetings but refuses to do so without proper reason after being summoned by the People's Court, the People's Court may issue a subpoena and impose a fine pursuant to the law. . Where the relevant personnel of the debtor violates the provisions of this Law by refusing to make representation or replies or makes false representation or replies, the People's Court may impose a fine pursuant to the law.
第一百二十七條 債務人違反本法規定,拒不向人民法院提交或者提交不真實的財產狀況說明、債務清冊、債權清冊、有關財務會計報告以及職工工資的支付情況和社會保險費用的繳納情況的,人民法院可以對直接責任人員依法處以罰款。
Article 127 Where the debtor, in violation of the provisions of this Law, refuses to provide the People's Court with a description of its financial position, a detailed list of debts, a detailed list of credits, and the relevant financial and accounting reports, as well as the statement on the payment of the salaries of the employees and the payment of the social security expenses, or provides false ones, the People's Court may impose a fine upon the person directly responsible for such refusal.
債務人違反本法規定,拒不向管理人移交財產、印章和賬簿、文書等資料的,或者偽造、銷毀有關財產證據材料而使財產狀況不明的,人民法院可以對直接責任人員依法處以罰款。
Where a debtor violates the provisions of this Law by refusing to hand over the assets, seals and accounts books and documents, etc to the administrator or forges or destroys the relevant evidentiary materials and causes the status of the assets to be unclear, the People's Court may impose a fine pursuant to the law on the directly accountable personnel.
第一百二十八條 債務人有本法第三十一條、第三十二條、第三十三條規定的行為,損害債權人利益的,債務人的法定代表人和其他直接責任人員依法承擔賠償責任。
Article 128 Where the debtor commits any of the acts stipulated in Article 31, Article 32 and Article 33 of this Law and harms the interests of the creditors, the legal representative and other directly accountable personnel of the debtor shall bear compensation liability pursuant to the law.
第一百二十九條 債務人的有關人員違反本法規定,擅自離開住所地的,人民法院可以予以訓誡、拘留,可以依法並處罰款。
Article 129. Where the relevant personnel of a debtor violates the provisions of this Law by leaving the place of residence without authorisation, the People's Court may issue a warning, detain the personnel and may impose a fine pursuant to the law.
第一百三十條 管理人未依照本法規定勤勉盡責,忠實執行職務的,人民法院可以依法處以罰款;給債權人、債務人或者第三人造成損失的,依法承擔賠償責任。
Article 130. Where an administrator does not act diligently or perform its duties faithfully, the People's Court may impose a fine pursuant to the law; where the administrator causes creditors, the debtor or a third party to suffer losses, the administrator shall bear compensation liability pursuant to the law.
第一百三十一條 違反本法規定,構成犯罪的,依法追究刑事責任。
Article 131 Where a violation of the provisions of this Law constitutes a criminal offence, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the law.
第十二章 附 則
Chapter 12 Supplementary Provisions
第一百三十二條 本法施行後,破產人在本法公布之日前所欠職工的工資和醫療、傷殘補助、撫恤費用,所欠的應當劃入職工個人賬戶的基本養老保險、基本醫療保險費用,以及法律、行政法規規定應當支付給職工的補償金,依照本法第一百一十三條的規定清償後不足以清償的部分,以本法第一百零九條規定的特定財產優先於對該特定財產享有擔保權的權利人受償。
Article 132. Following the implementation of this Law, where the bankrupt owes its employees wages, medical subsidies, disability subsidies and compensation expenses that are required to be included in the basic pension insurance and basic medical insurance expenses of the individual accounts of the employees, and pursuant to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, the compensation payable to the employees pursuant to Article 113 is insufficient for the repayment, the specific assets stipulated in Article 109 shall have priority over the rights holders of the security interests in the specific assets for repayment.
第一百三十三條 在本法施行前國務院規定的期限和範圍內的國有企業實施破產的特殊事宜,按照國務院有關規定辦理。
Article 133 Special matters relating to bankruptcy of State-owned enterprises within the period and scope stipulated by the State Council prior to implementation of this Law shall be handled pursuant to the relevant provisions of the State Council.
第一百三十四條 商業銀行、證券公司、保險公司等金融機構有本法第二條規定情形的,國務院金融監督管理機構可以向人民法院提出對該金融機構進行重整或者破產清算的申請。國務院金融監督管理機構依法對出現重大經營風險的金融機構采取接管、托管等措施的,可以向人民法院申請中止以該金融機構為被告或者被執行人的民事訴訟程序或者執行程序。
Article 134 If any commercial bank, securities company, insurance company or other financial institution is under any of the circumstances as prescribed in Article 2 of the present Law, the financial supervision and administration institution of the State Council may apply to the people's court for reforming this financial institution or for bankruptcy liquidation. Where the financial supervision and administration authorities of the State Council adopts takeover or custodian measures pursuant to the law against a financial institution that is experiencing significant business risk, an application may be made to the People's Court for suspension of civil proceedings or enforcement procedures whereby the financial institution is the defendant or the party subject to enforcement.
金融機構實施破產的,國務院可以依據本法和其他有關法律的規定制定實施辦法。
Where financial institutions implement bankruptcy, the State Council may formulate implementing measures in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws.
第一百三十五條 其他法律規定企業法人以外的組織的清算,屬於破產清算的,參照適用本法規定的程序。
Article 135 The liquidation of other organizations than enterprise legal persons as prescribed by other laws that belong to bankruptcy liquidation shall refer to the procedures as provided in this Law.
第一百三十六條 本法自2007年6月1日起施行,《中華人民共和國企業破產法(試行)》同時廢止。
Article 136. This Law shall be effective 1 June 2007. The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People's Republic of China (Trial Implementation) shall be repealed simultaneously.
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