法律文本

中華人民共和國收養法(1998修正)

Adoption Law of the People's Republic of China (1998 Revision)

主席令第十號

Presidential Decree No. 10

１９９１年１２月２９日第七屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十三次會議通過根據１９９８年１１月４日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第五次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國收養法〉的決定》修正

(Adopted at the 23rd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress and promulgated by Order of the President of the People's Republic of China on December 29, 1991)

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為保護合法的收養關系，維護收養關系當事人的權利，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted to protect the lawful adoptive relationship and to safeguard the rights of parties involved in the adoptive relationship.

第二條   收養應當有利於被收養的未成年人的撫養、成長，保障被收養人和收養人的合法權益，遵循平等自願的原則，並不得違背社會公德。

Article 2 Adoption shall be in the interest of the upbringing and growth of adopted minors, with the lawful rights and interests of both adoptees and adopters safeguarded, in adherence to the principles of equality and voluntariness, and not in contravention of social morality.

第三條   收養不得違背計劃生育的法律、法規。

Article 3 Adoption shall not contravene laws and regulations on family planning.

第二章 收養關系的成立

Chapter 2 Establishment of an Adoptive Relationship

第四條   下列不滿十四周歲的未成年人可以被收養：

Article 4 Minors under the age of 14, as enumerated below, may be adopted:

（一）喪失父母的孤兒；

1. orphans bereaved of parents;

（二）查找不到生父母的棄嬰和兒童；

2. abandoned infants or children whose parents cannot be ascertained or found; or

（三）生父母有特殊困難無力撫養的子女。

(III) children whose parents are unable to rear them due to unusual difficulties.

第五條   下列公民、組織可以作送養人：

Article 5 The following citizens or institutions shall be entitled to place out children for adoption:

（一）孤兒的監護人；

1. guardians of an orphan;

（二）社會福利機構；

2. social welfare institutions;

（三）有特殊困難無力撫養子女的生父母。

(III) parents unable to rear their children due to unusual difficulties.

第六條   收養人應當同時具備下列條件：

Article 6 Adopters shall meet simultaneously the following requirements:

（一）無子女；

1. childless;

（二）有撫養教育被收養人的能力；

2. capable of rearing and educating the adoptee; and

（三）未患有在醫學上認為不應當收養子女的疾病；

3. suffering no such disease as is medically regarded as unfit for adopting a child; and

（四）年滿三十周歲。

(IV) having reached the age of 30 years old.

第七條   收養三代以內同輩旁系血親的子女，可以不受本法第四條第三項、第五條第三項、第九條和被收養人不滿十四周歲的限制。

Article 7 A person may adopt a child belonging to a collateral relative by blood of the same generation and up to the third degree of kinship, irrespective of the restrictions specified in sub-paragraph (3) of Article 4; sub-paragraph (3) of Article 5 and Article 9 of this Law as well as the restriction that the adoptee shall be under the age of 14.

華僑收養三代以內同輩旁系血親的子女，還可以不受收養人無子女的限制。

An overseas Chinese may adopt a child belonging to a collateral relative by blood of the same generation and up to the third degree of kinship, regardless of the adopter's childless status.

第八條   收養人只能收養一名子女。

Article 8 The adopter may adopt one child only, male or female.

收養孤兒、殘疾兒童或者社會福利機構撫養的查找不到生父母的棄嬰和兒童，可以不受收養人無子女和收養一名的限制。

Orphans, disabled children, and abandoned infants and children whose parents cannot be ascertained or found and who are under the care of a social welfare institution may be adopted irrespective of the restrictions that the adopter shall be childless and that he or she may adopt one child only.

第九條   無配偶的男性收養女性的，收養人與被收養人的年齡應當相差四十周歲以上。

Article 9 Where a male person without spouse adopts a female child, the age difference between the adopter and the adoptee shall be no less than 40 years.

第十條   生父母送養子女，須雙方共同送養。生父母一方不明或者查找不到的可以單方送養。

Article 10 Where the parents intend to place out their child for adoption, they must act in concert. Those whose parents are not clear or cannot be found can be placed out for adoption.

有配偶者收養子女，須夫妻共同收養。

Where a person with spouse adopts a child, the husband and wife must adopt the child in concert.

第十一條   收養人收養與送養人送養，須雙方自願。收養年滿十周歲以上未成年人的，應當征得被收養人的同意。

Article 11 Adoption of a child and the placing out of the child for the adoption shall both take place on a voluntary basis. Where the adoption involves a minor aged 10 or more, the consent of the adoptee shall be obtained.

第十二條   未成年人的父母均不具備完全民事行為能力的，該未成年人的監護人不得將其送養，但父母對該未成年人有嚴重危害可能的除外。

Article 12 Where both the parents of a minor have no full capacity for civil conduct, the guardian (s) of the minor may not place out him (her) for adoption, except when the parents may do serious harm to the minor.

第十三條   監護人送養未成年孤兒的，須征得有撫養義務的人同意。有撫養義務的人不同意送養、監護人不願意繼續履行監護職責的，應當依照《中華人民共和國民法通則》的規定變更監護人。

Article 13 Where a guardian intends to place out an orphaned minor for adoption, the guardian shall obtain the consent of the person who has obligations to support the orphan. Where the person who has obligations to support the orphan disagrees to place out the orphan for adoption, and the guardian is unwilling to continue the performance of his guardianship, it is necessary to change the guardian in accordance with the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China.

第十四條   繼父或者繼母經繼子女的生父母同意，可以收養繼子女，並可以不受本法第四條第三項、第五條第三項、第六條和被收養人不滿十四周歲以及收養一名的限制。

Article 14 The husband or wife may, with the consent of the father or mother of a child, adopt the child as his or her step-son or step-daughter, and may be subject to no restrictions specified in sub-paragraph (3) of Article 4; sub-paragraph (3) of Article 5 and Article 6 of this Law, nor the restrictions that the adoptee shall be under the age of 14 and that only one child may be adopted.

第十五條   收養應當向縣級以上人民政府民政部門登記。收養關系自登記之日起成立。

Article 15 The adoption shall be registered with the civil affairs department of the people's government at or above the county level. The adoptive relationship shall be established as of the date of registration.

收養查找不到生父母的棄嬰和兒童的，辦理登記的民政部門應當在登記前予以公告。

Where an abandoned infant or child whose parents cannot be ascertained or found is adopted, the civil affairs department in charge of registration shall make it known to the general public before registration.

收養關系當事人願意訂立收養協議的，可以訂立收養協議。

If the parties involved in the adoptive relationship wish to enter into an agreement on adoption, they may conclude such an agreement.

收養關系當事人各方或者一方要求辦理收養公證的，應當辦理收養公證。

If the parties or one party involved in the adoptive relationship wishes that the adoption be notarized, it shall be done accordingly.

第十六條   收養關系成立後，公安部門應當依照國家有關規定為被收養人辦理戶口登記。

Article 16 After the adoptive relationship is established, the public security organ shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, register the adoptee's residence.

第十七條   孤兒或者生父母無力撫養的子女，可以由生父母的親屬、朋友撫養。

Article 17 Orphans or children whose parents are unable to rear them may be supported by relatives or friends of their parents.

撫養人與被撫養人的關系不適用收養關系。

The adoptive relationship does not apply to the relationship between the fosterer and the fostered.

第十八條   配偶一方死亡，另一方送養未成年子女的，死亡一方的父母有優先撫養的權利。

Article 18 Where a spouse places out a minor child for adoption after the death of the other spouse, the parents of the deceased shall have the priority in rearing the child.

第十九條   送養人不得以送養子女為理由違反計劃生育的規定再生育子女。

Article 19 Persons having placed out a child for adoption may not bear any more child, in violation of the regulations on family planning, on the ground of having placed out their child for adoption.

第二十條   嚴禁買賣兒童或者借收養名義買賣兒童。

Article 20 It is strictly forbidden to buy or sell a child or to do so under the cloak of adoption.

第二十一條   外國人依照本法可以在中華人民共和國收養子女。

Article 21 A foreigner may, in accordance with this Law, adopt a child (male or female) in the People's Republic of China.

外國人在中華人民共和國收養子女，應當經其所在國主管機關依照該國法律審查同意。收養人應當提供由其所在國有權機構出具的有關收養人的年齡、婚姻、職業、財產、健康、有無受過刑事處罰等狀況的證明材料，該證明材料應當經其所在國外交機關或者外交機關授權的機構認證，並經中華人民共和國駐該國使領館認證。該收養人應當與送養人訂立書面協議，親自向省級人民政府民政部門登記。

Where a foreigner wishes to adopt a child in the People's Republic of China, the matter shall be subject to examination and approval of the competent authorities of the country, to which he or she belongs, in accordance with the law of that country. The adopter shall provide papers certifying such particulars of the adopter as age, marital status, profession, property, health and whether ever subjected to criminal punishment, which are issued by the competent agencies of the country to which the adotper belongs. Such certifying papers shall be authenticated by a foreign affairs institution of the country to which the adopter belongs or by an agency authorized by the said institution, and by the embassy or consulate of the People's Republic of China stationed in that country, too. The adopter shall conclude a written agreement with the person who places out the child for adoption and register in person the adoption with a civil affairs department of the people's government at the provincial level.

收養關系當事人各方或者一方要求辦理收養公證的，應當到國務院司法行政部門認定的具有辦理涉外公證資格的公證機構辦理收養公證。

If the parties or one party involved in the adoptive relationship wishes that the adoption be notarized, it shall be done with a notary agency that is qualified to handle foreign-related notarization and is designated by the administrative department of justice under the State Council.

第二十二條   收養人、送養人要求保守收養秘密的，其他人應當尊重其意願，不得泄露。

Article 22 When the adopter and the person placing out the child for adoption wish to make a secret of the adoption, others shall respect their wish and shall not make a disclosure thereof.

第三章 收養的效力

Chapter III Validity of Adoption

第二十三條   自收養關系成立之日起，養父母與養子女間的權利義務關系，適用法律關於父母子女關系的規定；養子女與養父母的近親屬間的權利義務關系，適用法律關於子女與父母的近親屬關系的規定。

Article 23 As of the date of establishment of the adoptive relationship, the legal provisions governing the relationship between parents and children shall apply to the rights and duties in the relationship between adoptive parents and adopted children; the legal provisions governing the relationship between children and close relatives of their parents shall apply to the rights and duties in the relationship between adopted children and close relatives of the adoptive parents.

養子女與生父母及其他近親屬間的權利義務關系，因收養關系的成立而消除。

The rights and duties in the relationship between an adopted child and his or her biological parents and other close relatives shall be terminated upon the establishment of the adoptive relationship.

第二十四條   養子女可以隨養父或者養母的姓，經當事人協商一致，也可以保留原姓。

Article 24 An adopted child may adopt his or her adoptive father's or adoptive mother's surname, and may also retain his or her original surname, if so agreed through consultation between the parties concerned.

第二十五條   違反《中華人民共和國民法通則》第五十五條和本法規定的收養行為無法律效力。

Article 25 Any act of adoption contravening the provisions of Article 55 of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China and those of this Law shall be of no legal validity.

收養行為被人民法院確認無效的，從行為開始時起就沒有法律效力。

Any act of adoption ruled to be invalid by a people's court shall be of no legal validity from the very beginning of the act.

第四章 收養關系的解除

Chapter IV Termination of an Adoptive Relationship

第二十六條   收養人在被收養人成年以前，不得解除收養關系，但收養人、送養人雙方協議解除的除外，養子女年滿十周歲以上的，應當征得本人同意。

Article 26 No adopter may terminate the adoptive relationship before the adoptee comes of age, except when the adopter and the person having placed out the child for the adoption agree to terminate such relationship. If the adopted child involved reaches the age of 10 or more, his or her consent shall be obtained.

收養人不履行撫養義務，有虐待、遺棄等侵害未成年養子女合法權益行為的，送養人有權要求解除養父母與養子女間的收養關系。送養人、收養人不能達成解除收養關系協議的，可以向人民法院起訴。

Where an adopter fails to perform the duty of rearing the adoptee or commits maltreatment, abandonment, or other acts of encroachment upon the lawful rights of the minor adopted child, the person having placed out the child for adoption shall have the right to demand termination of the adoptive relationship. Where the adopter and the person having placed out the child for adoption fail to reach an agreement thereon, a suit may be brought in a People's Court.

第二十七條   養父母與成年養子女關系惡化、無法共同生活的，可以協議解除收養關系。不能達成協議的，可以向人民法院起訴。

Article 27 Where the relationship between the adoptive parents and an adult adopted child deteriorates to such a degree that their living together in a same household becomes impossible, they may terminate their adoptive relationship by agreement. In the absence of an agreement, they may bring a suit in a people's court.

第二十八條   當事人協議解除收養關系的，應當到民政部門辦理解除收養關系的登記。

Article 28 Where the parties agree to terminate the adoptive relationship, they shall register the termination of the adoptive relationship with a civil affairs department.

第二十九條   收養關系解除後，養子女與養父母及其他近親屬間的權利義務關系即行消除，與生父母及其他近親屬間的權利義務關系自行恢複，但成年養子女與生父母及其他近親屬間的權利義務關系是否恢複，可以協商確定。

Article 29 Upon termination of an adoptive relationship, the rights and duties in the relationship between an adopted child and his or her adoptive parents and their close relatives shall also terminate, and the rights and duties in the relationship between the child and his or her parents and their close relatives shall be restored automatically. However, with respect to the rights and duties in the relationship between an adult adopted child and his or her parents and their close relatives, it may be decided through consultation as to whether to restore them.

第三十條   收養關系解除後，經養父母撫養的成年養子女，對缺乏勞動能力又缺乏生活來源的養父母，應當給付生活費。因養子女成年後虐待、遺棄養父母而解除收養關系的，養父母可以要求養子女補償收養期間支出的生活費和教育費。

Article 30 Upon termination of an adoptive relationship, an adult adopted child who has been reared by the adoptive parents shall provide an amount of money to support the adoptive parents who have lost ability to work and are short of any source of income. If the adoptive relationship is terminated on account of the maltreatment or desertion of the adoptive parents by the grown-up adopted child, the adoptive parents may demand a compensation from the adopted child for the living and educational expenses paid during the period of adoption.

生父母要求解除收養關系的，養父母可以要求生父母適當補償收養期間支出的生活費和教育費，但因養父母虐待、遺棄養子女而解除收養關系的除外。

If the parents of an adopted child request the termination of the adoptive relationship, the adoptive parents may demand an appropriate compensation from the parents for the living and education expenses paid during the period of adoption, except if the adoptive relationship is terminated on account of the maltreatment or desertion of the adopted child by the adoptive parents.

第五章 法律責任

Chapter 5 Legal Liabilities

第三十一條   借收養名義拐賣兒童的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 31 Whoever abducts and traffics in a child under the cloak of adoption shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

遺棄嬰兒的，由公安部門處以罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Whoever abandons an infant shall be fined by a public security organ; if the act constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

出賣親生子女的，由公安部門沒收非法所得，並處以罰款；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Whoever sells his or her own child, his or her illegal gains shall be confiscated by a public security organ and he or she shall also be fined; if the act constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

第六章 附 則

Chapter 6 Supplementary Provisions

第三十二條   民族自治地方的人民代表大會及其常務委員會可以根據本法的原則，結合當地情況，制定變通的或者補充的規定。自治區的規定，報全國人民代表大會常務委員會備案。自治州、自治縣的規定，報省或者自治區的人民代表大會常務委員會批準後生效，並報全國人民代表大會常務委員會備案。

Article 32 The people 's congress and its standing committee in a national autonomous area may, on the basis of the principles of this Law and in the light of the local conditions, formulate adaptive or supplementary provisions. Provisions made by autonomous regions shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. The relevant regulations of an autonomous prefecture of autonomous county shall be submitted to the standing committee of the provincial or autonomous region's people's congress for approval before coming into effect, and shall also be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.

第三十三條   國務院可以根據本法制定實施辦法。

Article 33 The State Council may, in accordance with this Law, formulate measures for its implementation.

第三十四條   本法自１９９２年４月１日起施行。

Article 34 This Law shall go into effect as of April 1, 1992.