法律文本

中華人民共和國擔保法

Security Law of the Peoples Republic of China

主席令第五十號

Order of the President No.50

1995年6月30日第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十四次會議通過，1995年6月30日中華人民共和國主席令第50號公布

Adopted at the 14th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on June 30, 1995 and promulgated by Order No. 50 of the President of the People's Republic of China on June 30, 1995

目 錄

Contents

  第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 保 證

Chapter 2 Warranty

    第一節 保證和保證人

Section 1 Guaranty and Guarantor

    第二節 保證合同和保證方式

Section 2 Contract of Guaranty and Mode of Guaranty

    第三節 保證責任

Section 3 Liability of Guaranty

  第三章 抵 押

Chapter 3 Mortgage

    第一節 抵押和抵押物

Section 1 Mortgage and Gage

    第二節 抵押合同和抵押物登記

Section 2 Contract of Mortgage and Mortgage Registration

    第三節 抵押的效力

Section 3 Effect of Mortgage

    第四節 抵押權的實現

Section 4 Realization of Mortgage

    第五節 最高額抵押

Section 5 Mortgage of Maximum Amount

  第四章 質 押

Chapter 4 Pledge

    第一節 動產質押

Section 1 Pledge of Movables

    第二節 權利質押

Section 2 Pledge of Rights

  第五章 留 置

Chapter 5 Lien

  第六章 定 金

Chapter 6 Deposit

  第七章 附 則

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為促進資金融通和商品流通，保障債權的實現，發展社會主義市場經濟，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purposes of promoting financing and commodity circulation, ensuring realisation of creditor's rights and developing socialist market economy.

第二條   在借貸、買賣、貨物運輸、加工承攬等經濟活動中，債權人需要以擔保方式保障其債權實現的，可以依照本法規定設定擔保。

Article 2 In such economic activities as loans, sales, goods transportation and processing, etc., if the creditor needs to secure the realization of his obligatory right, he may establish security in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

本法規定的擔保方式為保證、抵押、質押、留置和定金。

The modes of guarantee provided for in this Law shall be guaranty, mortgage, pledge, lien and deposit.

第三條   擔保活動應當遵循平等、自願、公平、誠實信用的原則。

Article 3. Security activities shall abide by the principles of equality, voluntariness, fairness, honesty and trustworthiness.

第四條   第三人為債務人向債權人提供擔保時，可以要求債務人提供反擔保。

Article 4 A third party that provides a guarantee to the creditor for a debtor may require the debtor to provide a counter-guarantee.

反擔保適用本法擔保的規定。

The provisions on guarantee of this Law shall be applicable to counter-guarantee.

第五條   擔保合同是主合同的從合同，主合同無效，擔保合同無效。擔保合同另有約定的，按照約定。

Article 5. A security contract is an ancillary contract to the principal contract. If the principal contract is invalid, the security contract is also invalid. Where a guarantee contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

擔保合同被確認無效後，債務人、擔保人、債權人有過錯的，應當根據其過錯各自承擔相應的民事責任。

Where a security contract is confirmed to be void and the debtor, security provider or creditor is at fault, they shall bear their respective civil liability according to their respective fault.

第二章 保 證

Chapter 2 Warranty

第一節 保證和保證人

Section 1 Guaranty and Guarantor

第六條   本法所稱保證，是指保證人和債權人約定，當債務人不履行債務時，保證人按照約定履行債務或者承擔責任的行為。

Article 6 For the purposes of this Law, the term "guarantee" shall refer to an act whereby a guarantor and a creditor agree that when the debtor fails to perform his obligation, the guarantor shall perform the obligation or bear liability in accordance with the agreement.

第七條   具有代為清償債務能力的法人、其他組織或者公民，可以作保證人。

Article 7 A guarantor may be a legal person, other organization or a citizen who has ability to discharge debts on behalf of others.

第八條   國家機關不得為保證人，但經國務院批準為使用外國政府或者國際經濟組織貸款進行轉貸的除外。

Article 8 State organs shall not act as guarantors, except where loans from foreign governments or international economic organisations are used in the form of a sub-loan with the approval of the State Council.

第九條   學校、幼兒園、醫院等以公益為目的的事業單位、社會團體不得為保證人。

Article 9 Institutions and social organizations for the public good such as schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc. may not act as guarantors.

第十條   企業法人的分支機構、職能部門不得為保證人。

Article 10 Branches and functional divisions of enterprise legal persons may not act as guarantors.

企業法人的分支機構有法人書面授權的，可以在授權範圍內提供保證。

A branch of an enterprise legal person which is authorised by the legal person in writing may provide a guarantee within the authorised scope.

第十一條   任何單位和個人不得強令銀行等金融機構或者企業為他人提供保證；銀行等金融機構或者企業對強令其為他人提供保證的行為，有權拒絕。

Article 11 No organisation or individual shall coerce a financial institution such as a bank or an enterprise to provide a guarantee for others; a financial institution such as a bank or an enterprise shall have the right to refuse to provide a guarantee for others.

第十二條   同一債務有兩個以上保證人的，保證人應當按照保證合同約定的保證份額，承擔保證責任。沒有約定保證份額的，保證人承擔連帶責任，債權人可以要求任何一個保證人承擔全部保證責任，保證人都負有擔保全部債權實現的義務。已經承擔保證責任的保證人，有權向債務人追償，或者要求承擔連帶責任的其他保證人清償其應當承擔的份額。

Article 12 Where there are two or more guarantors for the same obligation, the guarantors shall, according to their respective shares of guaranty as stipulated in the guaranty contract, bear guaranty liability. In the absence of an agreement on the guaranty shares, the guarantors shall bear the joint liability. The creditor may demand any of the guarantors to bear the entire guaranty liability, and any of the guarantors shall bear the obligation to guarantee the entire realization of the obligatory right. The guarantor who has borne the guaranty liability shall be entitled to claim repayment from the debtor, or to demand other guarantors bearing the joint liability to satisfy him their shares that they shall bear.

第二節 保證合同和保證方式

Section 2 Contract of Guaranty and Mode of Guaranty

第十三條   保證人與債權人應當以書面形式訂立保證合同。

Article 13. A guarantor and the creditor shall enter into a guarantee contract in writing.

第十四條   保證人與債權人可以就單個主合同分別訂立保證合同，也可以協議在最高債權額限度內就一定期間連續發生的借款合同或者某項商品交易合同訂立一個保證合同。

Article 14. A guarantor and the creditor may enter a separate guarantee contract for a single principal contract, or agree to enter a single guarantee contract for a series of loan contracts or transaction contracts for a certain commodity within a maximum obligation amount over a certain period of time.

第十五條   保證合同應當包括以下內容：

Article 15 A guarantee contract shall include the following contents:

（一）被保證的主債權種類、數額；

1. the type and amount of the principal obligation guaranteed;

（二）債務人履行債務的期限；

(II) the time limit for performance of the obligation by the debtor;

（三）保證的方式；

3. The form of guarantee;

（四）保證擔保的範圍；

(IV) The scope of guarantee;

（五）保證的期間；

(V) Term of guarantee;

（六）雙方認為需要約定的其他事項。

(VI) other matters which the parties consider necessary to agree upon.

保證合同不完全具備前款規定內容的，可以補正。

If a guaranty contract has the contents prescribed in the proceeding paragraph incomplete, it may be supplemented.

第十六條   保證的方式有：

Article 16 The means of guarantee is:

（一）一般保證；

1. general guarantee;

（二）連帶責任保證。

(II) guarantee with joint and several liability.

第十七條   當事人在保證合同中約定，債務人不能履行債務時，由保證人承擔保證責任的，為一般保證。

Article 17 A general guarantee is a guarantee whereby the parties agree in a guarantee contract that the guarantor shall bear guarantee liability when the debtor fails to perform his obligation.

一般保證的保證人在主合同糾紛未經審判或者仲裁，並就債務人財產依法強制執行仍不能履行債務前，對債權人可以拒絕承擔保證責任。

The guarantor under a general guarantee may refuse to assume guarantee liability in respect of the creditor before a dispute concerning the principal contract has been adjudicated or arbitrated and when the debtor remains incapable of performing his obligation despite an enforcement order against his property according to the law.

有下列情形之一的，保證人不得行使前款規定的權利：

The guarantor may not exercise the right mentioned in the preceding paragraph in any of the following circumstances:

（一）債務人住所變更，致使債權人要求其履行債務發生重大困難的；

1. the change of the debtor's domicile has made it difficult for the creditor to require the debtor to perform the debt;

（二）人民法院受理債務人破產案件，中止執行程序的；

(II) the people's court accepting the debtor's bankruptcy case and suspending the enforcement procedure; and

（三）保證人以書面形式放棄前款規定的權利的。

(III) the guarantor has waived in writing the right stipulated in the preceding paragraph.

第十八條   當事人在保證合同中約定保證人與債務人對債務承擔連帶責任的，為連帶責任保證。

Article 18 A guarantee with joint and several liability is a guarantee whereby the parties agree in a guarantee contract that the guarantor and the debtor are jointly and severally liable for the obligation.

連帶責任保證的債務人在主合同規定的債務履行期屆滿沒有履行債務的，債權人可以要求債務人履行債務，也可以要求保證人在其保證範圍內承擔保證責任。

If the debtor under a joint and several guarantee fails to fulfill his debt upon the expiration of the term for performance stipulated in the principal contract, the creditor may require the debtor to fulfill his debt or require the guarantor to assume guarantee liability within the scope of guarantee.

第十九條   當事人對保證方式沒有約定或者約定不明確的，按照連帶責任保證承擔保證責任。

Article 19 Where the parties have not agreed on the guarantee form or the agreement is unclear, guarantee liability shall be borne as per joint liability guarantee.

第二十條   一般保證和連帶責任保證的保證人享有債務人的抗辯權。債務人放棄對債務的抗辯權的，保證人仍有權抗辯。

Article 20 The surety of a general suretyship or a suretyship of joint and several liability shall enjoy the debtor's right of defense. If the debtor waives the right of counterplea, the guarantor still has the right of counterplea.

抗辯權是指債權人行使債權時，債務人根據法定事由，對抗債權人行使請求權的權利。

The term "right of defense" shall refer to the right of a debtor to exercise a claim against a creditor with a legal cause when the creditor exercises his rights as a creditor.

第三節 保證責任

Section 3 Liability of Guaranty

第二十一條   保證擔保的範圍包括主債權及利息、違約金、損害賠償金和實現債權的費用。保證合同另有約定的，按照約定。

Article 21. The scope of the guarantee includes the principal debt and interest, fines for default, compensation for loss and expenses incurred in meeting the creditor's claim. Where the guarantee contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

當事人對保證擔保的範圍沒有約定或者約定不明確的，保證人應當對全部債務承擔責任。

Where the parties have not agreed on the scope of the guarantee by means of a guarantee or the agreement is unclear, the guarantor shall be liable for the entire obligation.

第二十二條   保證期間，債權人依法將主債權轉讓給第三人的，保證人在原保證擔保的範圍內繼續承擔保證責任。保證合同另有約定的，按照約定。

Article 22. If the creditor legally assigns the principal claim to a third party during the guarantee term, the guarantor shall continue to bear guarantee liability within the scope of the original guarantee. Where the guarantee contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

第二十三條   保證期間，債權人許可債務人轉讓債務的，應當取得保證人書面同意，保證人對未經其同意轉讓的債務，不再承擔保證責任。

Article 23 During the period of guaranty, if the creditor allows the debtor to assign the debt, he shall get the written consent from the guarantor, the guarantor bears no guaranty liability for the debt assigned without his consent.

第二十四條   債權人與債務人協議變更主合同的，應當取得保證人書面同意，未經保證人書面同意的，保證人不再承擔保證責任。保證合同另有約定的，按照約定。

Article 24 When a creditor and a debtor agree to alter the principal contract, they shall obtain written consent from the guarantor. The guarantor shall no longer bear guarantee liability where he has not given his written consent. Where the guarantee contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

第二十五條   一般保證的保證人與債權人未約定保證期間的，保證期間為主債務履行期屆滿之日起六個月。

Article 25. If the guarantor and creditor have not agreed on a guarantee term, the guarantee term shall be six months from the date of expiration of the term for performance of the principal obligation.

在合同約定的保證期間和前款規定的保證期間，債權人未對債務人提起訴訟或者申請仲裁的，保證人免除保證責任；債權人已提起訴訟或者申請仲裁的，保證期間適用訴訟時效中斷的規定。

If, within the duration of the guarantee as stipulated in the guarantee contract or as prescribed in the previous paragraph, the creditor fails to file a suit or to apply for arbitration against the debtor, the guarantor shall be relieved of his guarantee liability. If the creditor has filed a suit or commenced arbitration, the rules discontinuing the operation of the limitation period shall apply to the guarantee period.

第二十六條   連帶責任保證的保證人與債權人未約定保證期間的，債權人有權自主債務履行期屆滿之日起六個月內要求保證人承擔保證責任。

Article 26. If no agreement as to the duration of the guarantee has been made between a guarantor and a creditor in a joint guarantee liability, the creditor, within six months of the expiry of the term for performance of the principal obligation, shall have the right to demand that the guarantor assume guarantee liability.

在合同約定的保證期間和前款規定的保證期間，債權人未要求保證人承擔保證責任的，保證人免除保證責任。

Where the creditor fails to require the guarantor to bear his guarantee liability during the term of guarantee agreed in the contract or during the term of guarantee prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the guarantor shall be exempted from his guarantee liability.

第二十七條   保證人依照本法第十四條規定就連續發生的債權作保證，未約定保證期間的，保證人可以隨時書面通知債權人終止保證合同，但保證人對於通知到債權人前所發生的債權，承擔保證責任。

Article 27. Where a guarantor guarantees a series of obligations in accordance with the provisions of Article 14 of this Law and no agreement has been made as to the duration of the guarantee, the guarantor may at any time notify the creditor in writing of the termination of the guarantee contract. However, the guarantor shall bear guarantee liability for the obligations that occurred before the creditor was notified.

第二十八條   同一債權既有保證又有物的擔保的，保證人對物的擔保以外的債權承擔保證責任。

Article 28 Where an obligation is secured by both a guarantee and property, the guarantor shall be liable for the obligation that is not secured by property.

債權人放棄物的擔保的，保證人在債權人放棄權利的範圍內免除保證責任。

Where the creditor waives the guarantee of property, the guarantor shall be exempted from guarantee liability for the rights waived by the creditor.

第二十九條   企業法人的分支機構未經法人書面授權或者超出授權範圍與債權人訂立保證合同的，該合同無效或者超出授權範圍的部分無效，債權人和企業法人有過錯的，應當根據其過錯各自承擔相應的民事責任；債權人無過錯的，由企業法人承擔民事責任。

Article 29. If a branch of an enterprise legal person enters into a guarantee contract with a creditor without the written authorisation of the enterprise legal person or exceeds the scope of the authorisation, the contract shall be invalid or that portion of the contract which exceeds the authorisation shall be invalid. If the creditor and the enterprise legal person are at fault, they shall bear their respective civil liability according to their respective fault. If the creditor is not at fault, civil liability shall be borne by the enterprise legal person.

第三十條   有下列情形之一的，保證人不承擔民事責任：

Article 30 A guarantor shall not bear civil liability in any of the following circumstances:

（一）主合同當事人雙方串通，騙取保證人提供保證的；

1. the parties to the principal contract collude to defraud the guarantor of his guarantee;

（二）主合同債權人采取欺詐、脅迫等手段，使保證人在違背真實意思的情況下提供保證的。

(II) the creditor under a principal contract has caused the guarantor to provide a guaranty against his will by means of fraud, intimidation or other means.

第三十一條   保證人承擔保證責任後，有權向債務人追償。

Article 31 After a guarantor has borne his guarantee liability, he shall be entitled to claim repayment from the debtor.

第三十二條   人民法院受理債務人破產案件後，債權人未申報債權的，保證人可以參加破產財產分配，預先行使追償權。

Article 32 After the people's court accepts a debtor's bankruptcy case, if the creditor does not declare his claims, the guarantor may take part in the distribution of the bankruptcy property and exercise his right of recourse in advance.

第三章 抵 押

Chapter 3 Mortgage

第一節 抵押和抵押物

Section 1 Mortgage and Gage

第三十三條   本法所稱抵押，是指債務人或者第三人不轉移對本法第三十四條所列財產的占有，將該財產作為債權的擔保。債務人不履行債務時，債權人有權依照本法規定以該財產折價或者以拍賣、變賣該財產的價款優先受償。

Article 33 For the purposes of this Law, the term "mortgage" shall refer to a guarantee whereby a debtor or a third party uses property as listed in Article 34 hereof as a guarantee for an obligation without transferring the possession of such property. When the debtor fails to perform his obligation, the creditor shall be entitled to priority in receiving payment by converting the property into value or in receiving proceeds from the auction or sale of the property, in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

前款規定的債務人或者第三人為抵押人，債權人為抵押權人，提供擔保的財產為抵押物。

The debtor or third party referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the mortgagor; the creditor shall be the mortgagee and the property provided as a guarantee shall be the mortgaged property.

第三十四條   下列財產可以抵押：

Article 34 The following properties may be mortgaged:

（一）抵押人所有的房屋和其他地上定著物；

1. premises and other attachments to land owned by the mortgagor;

（二）抵押人所有的機器、交通運輸工具和其他財產；

2. machines, transportation vehicles and other property owned by the mortgagor;

（三）抵押人依法有權處分的國有的土地使用權、房屋和其他地上定著物；

(III) State-owned leaseholds, premises and other attachments to land of which the mortgagor has the right to dispose of according to the law;

（四）抵押人依法有權處分的國有的機器、交通運輸工具和其他財產；

4. state-owned machines, transportation vehicles and other property which the mortgagor is entitled to dispose of in accordance with the law; and

（五）抵押人依法承包並經發包方同意抵押的荒山、荒溝、荒丘、荒灘等荒地的土地使用權；

(V) the right to the use of land on the unreclaimed land such as barren hills, waste valleys, barren hillocks or unreclaimed beaches which is contracted for management by the mortgagor in accordance with law and upon the consent for mortgage by the contractee; or

（六）依法可以抵押的其他財產。

(VI) other property which may be mortgaged in accordance with the law.

抵押人可以將前款所列財產一並抵押。

A mortgagor may mortgage the properties listed in the preceding paragraph together.

第三十五條   抵押人所擔保的債權不得超出其抵押物的價值。

Article 35 The guaranteed credit shall not exceed the value of the guaranty.

財產抵押後，該財產的價值大於所擔保債權的餘額部分，可以再次抵押，但不得超出其餘額部分。

After property has been mortgaged, that portion of the value of the property which is in excess of the debt secured may be the subject of a further mortgage. However, this portion of the mortgage must not exceed the value of the claim.

第三十六條   以依法取得的國有土地上的房屋抵押的，該房屋占用範圍內的國有土地使用權同時抵押。

Article 36. Where legally acquired buildings on State-owned land are mortgaged, the land use rights pertaining to the land shall be mortgaged at the same time.

以出讓方式取得的國有土地使用權抵押的，應當將抵押時該國有土地上的房屋同時抵押。

Where State-owned leaseholds acquired by means of grant are mortgaged, the premises on such State-owned land at the time of mortgage shall be mortgaged at the same time.

鄉（鎮）、村企業的土地使用權不得單獨抵押。以鄉（鎮）、村企業的廠房等建築物抵押的，其占用範圍內的土地使用權同時抵押。

Land use rights pertaining to township and village enterprises shall not be mortgaged individually. Where a building such as a factory of a township or village enterprise is mortgaged, the land use rights pertaining to the area of land occupied by the building shall be mortgaged at the same time.

第三十七條   下列財產不得抵押：

Article 37 The following properties may not be mortgaged:

（一）土地所有權；

1. the ownership of land;

（二）耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集體所有的土地使用權，但本法第三十四條第（五）項、第三十六條第三款規定的除外；

(II) the right to the use of such collectively-owned land as cultivated land, house sites, land and hilly land allotted for private use, etc. except for those as provided for in Item 5 of Article 34 and the third paragraph of Article 36 of this Law;

（三）學校、幼兒園、醫院等以公益為目的的事業單位、社會團體的教育設施、醫療衛生設施和其他社會公益設施；

(III) educational, medical and other public welfare facilities of institutions and social groups with the aim of benefiting the public such as schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc.;

（四）所有權、使用權不明或者有爭議的財產；

(IV) properties with unclear or controversial ownership or use rights;

（五）依法被查封、扣押、監管的財產；

(V) properties legally confiscated, seized or controlled; or

（六）依法不得抵押的其他財產。

(VI) other property which may not be mortgaged in accordance with the law.

第二節 抵押合同和抵押物登記

Section 2 Contract of Mortgage and Mortgage Registration

第三十八條   抵押人和抵押權人應當以書面形式訂立抵押合同。

Article 38 A mortgagor and a mortgagee shall enter into a written mortgage contract.

第三十九條   抵押合同應當包括以下內容：

Article 39 A mortgage contract shall include the following contents:

（一）被擔保的主債權種類、數額；

1. the type and amount of the principal obligation secured;

（二）債務人履行債務的期限；

(II) the time limit for performance of the obligation by the debtor;

（三）抵押物的名稱、數量、質量、狀況、所在地、所有權權屬或者使用權權屬；

(III) the name, quantity, quality, condition, location, ownership or the use right of the gage;

（四）抵押擔保的範圍；

(IV) the extent guaranteed by the mortgage; and

（五）當事人認為需要約定的其他事項。

(V) other items which the parties consider necessary to agree.

抵押合同不完全具備前款規定內容的，可以補正。

If a mortgage contract has the contents prescribed in the proceeding paragraph incomplete, it may be supplemented.

第四十條   訂立抵押合同時，抵押權人和抵押人在合同中不得約定在債務履行期屆滿抵押權人未受清償時，抵押物的所有權轉移為債權人所有。

Article 40 When concluding a mortgage contract, the mortgagor and the mortgagee may not stipulate that the ownership of the mortgaged property shall be transferred to the creditor when the mortgagee's claim is not satisfied at the expiration of the term for performance of the obligation.

第四十一條   當事人以本法第四十二條規定的財產抵押的，應當辦理抵押物登記，抵押合同自登記之日起生效。

Article 41. Where parties mortgage property stipulated in Article 42 of this Law, mortgage registration must be handled. The mortgage contract will take effect from the date of registration.

第四十二條   辦理抵押物登記的部門如下：

Article 42 The authorities for guaranty registration are as follows:

（一）以無地上定著物的土地使用權抵押的，為核發土地使用權證書的土地管理部門；

1. the land administration authority that verifies and issues leaseholds certificates where leaseholds to land with no attachments are mortgaged;

（二）以城市房地產或者鄉（鎮）、村企業的廠房等建築物抵押的，為縣級以上地方人民政府規定的部門；

2. the authority designated by the local People's Government at or above county level where urban real estate or buildings of enterprises in townships (towns) or villages such as factory buildings are mortgaged;

（三）以林木抵押的，為縣級以上林木主管部門；

3. the forestry administration authority at or above county level where woods are mortgaged;

（四）以航空器、船舶、車輛抵押的，為運輸工具的登記部門；

(IV) in case that aircraft, ships or vehicles are to be mortgaged, it shall be the registration departments for transportation vehicles; or

（五）以企業的設備和其他動產抵押的，為財產所在地的工商行政管理部門。

5. in case that the equipment or other movables of a enterprise are to be mortgaged, it shall be the administrations of industry and commerce where the properties are located.

第四十三條   當事人以其他財產抵押的，可以自願辦理抵押物登記，抵押合同自簽訂之日起生效。

Article 43. Where other types of property are mortgaged, the parties concerned may voluntarily register the mortgaged property. The mortgage contract will take effect from the date of signing.

當事人未辦理抵押物登記的，不得對抗第三人。當事人辦理抵押物登記的，登記部門為抵押人所在地的公證部門。

The parties that fail to register the mortgaged property may not counterwork against third parties. If the parties register such mortgaged property, the registration shall be administered by local public notaries.

第四十四條   辦理抵押物登記，應當向登記部門提供下列文件或者其複印件：

Article 44 The following documents or their duplicates shall be submitted to the registry for mortgaged property registration:

（一）主合同和抵押合同；

1. principal contract and mortgage contract;

（二）抵押物的所有權或者使用權證書。

(II) Ownership or use right certificate of the mortgaged property.

第四十五條   登記部門登記的資料，應當允許查閱、抄錄或者複印。

Article 45 The information registered with the registration department shall be allowed to be consulted, copied or duplicated.

第三節 抵押的效力

Section 3 Effect of Mortgage

第四十六條   抵押擔保的範圍包括主債權及利息、違約金、損害賠償金和實現抵押權的費用。抵押合同另有約定的，按照約定。

Article 46 The scope of guarantee by means of a mortgage shall cover the principal obligation, interest, liquidated damages, compensatory damages and expenses for realization of mortgage rights. Where a mortgage contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

第四十七條   債務履行期屆滿，債務人不履行債務致使抵押物被人民法院依法扣押的，自扣押之日起抵押權人有權收取由抵押物分離的天然孳息以及抵押人就抵押物可以收取的法定孳息。抵押權人未將扣押抵押物的事實通知應當清償法定孳息的義務人的，抵押權的效力不及於該孳息。

Article 47 Where a mortgaged property is seized by a People's Court due to the debtor's failure to perform his obligation at the expiration of the term for such performance, the mortgagee shall, from the date of seizure, be entitled to the natural fruits separated from the mortgaged property as well as the statutory fruits that may be obtained by the mortgagor from the mortgaged property. Where the mortgagee fails to notify the person bearing the obligation to pay the statutory fruits of such seizure, the effect of the mortgage shall not be extended to cover such fruits.

前款孳息應當先充抵收取孳息的費用。

The fruits mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall first be set off against the expenses incurred in the collection of the fruits.

第四十八條   抵押人將已出租的財產抵押的，應當書面告知承租人，原租賃合同繼續有效。

Article 48 If a mortgagor mortgages leased property, he shall notify the lessee of the fact in writing and the original lease contract shall continue in effect.

第四十九條   抵押期間，抵押人轉讓已辦理登記的抵押物的，應當通知抵押權人並告知受讓人轉讓物已經抵押的情況；抵押人未通知抵押權人或者未告知受讓人的，轉讓行為無效。

Article 49 During the period of mortgage, if the mortgagor assigns the gage registered, he shall inform the mortgagee and also notify the assignee of the mortgage; if the mortgagor fails to inform the mortgagee or notify the assignee, the assignment is invalid.

轉讓抵押物的價款明顯低於其價值的，抵押權人可以要求抵押人提供相應的擔保；抵押人不提供的，不得轉讓抵押物。

Where proceeds from the assignment of the mortgaged property are clearly less than the value of such mortgaged property, the mortgagee may require the mortgagor to provide a corresponding security. Where the mortgagor fails to provide such a security, the mortgaged property may not be assigned.

抵押人轉讓抵押物所得的價款，應當向抵押權人提前清償所擔保的債權或者向與抵押權人約定的第三人提存。超過債權數額的部分，歸抵押人所有，不足部分由債務人清償。

Proceeds obtained by the mortgagor from the transfer of the mortgaged property shall be paid to the mortgagee as advance fulfillment of the obligation secured or be deposited with a third party agreed with the mortgagee. Any portion in excess of the amount of the obligation shall be owned by the mortgagor and any shortfall shall be paid by the debtor.

第五十條   抵押權不得與債權分離而單獨轉讓或者作為其他債權的擔保。

Article 50 Mortgage interests must not be separated from creditors' rights and individually transferred, or used to secure other creditors' rights.

第五十一條   抵押人的行為足以使抵押物價值減少的，抵押權人有權要求抵押人停止其行為。抵押物價值減少時，抵押權人有權要求抵押人恢複抵押物的價值，或者提供與減少的價值相當的擔保。

Article 51 Where any act of a mortgagor is sufficient to cause a reduction in value of the mortgaged property, the mortgagee has the right to demand that the mortgagor cease such act. When the value of the gage decreases, the mortgagee shall be entitled to have right to demand the mortgagor to restore the value of the gage, or offer a guarantee equivalent to the value decreased.

抵押人對抵押物價值減少無過錯的，抵押權人只能在抵押人因損害而得到的賠償範圍內要求提供擔保。抵押物價值未減少的部分，仍作為債權的擔保。

Where the mortgagor is not at fault in the diminishment of value of the mortgaged property, the mortgagee may only require the mortgagor to provide a security to the extent of the compensation received for the damage. The portion of the mortgaged property that has not diminished in value shall remain as security for the obligation.

第五十二條   抵押權與其擔保的債權同時存在，債權消滅的，抵押權也消滅。

Article 52 The mortgage shall exist simultaneously with the obligatory right it guarantees, where the obligatory right is extinct, the mortgage shall be extinct as well.

第四節 抵押權的實現

Section 4 Realization of Mortgage

第五十三條   債務履行期屆滿抵押權人未受清償的，可以與抵押人協議以抵押物折價或者以拍賣、變賣該抵押物所得的價款受償；協議不成的，抵押權人可以向人民法院提起訴訟。

Article 53 Where a mortgagee has not received full payment at the maturity of the obligation, he may agree with the mortgagor to receive payment by converting the mortgaged property into value or receiving proceeds from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property.

抵押物折價或者拍賣、變賣後，其價款超過債權數額的部分歸抵押人所有，不足部分由債務人清償。

After the mortgaged property has been converted into value or auctioned or sold off, any portion of the proceeds that exceeds the amount of the obligation shall be owned by the mortgagor and any shortfall shall be paid by the debtor.

第五十四條   同一財產向兩個以上債權人抵押的，拍賣、變賣抵押物所得的價款按照以下規定清償：

Article 54 Where the same property is mortgaged to two or more creditors, the proceeds from the auction or sale of the mortgaged property shall be used for liquidation in accordance with the following provisions:

（一）抵押合同以登記生效的，按照抵押物登記的先後順序清償；順序相同的，按照債權比例清償；

1. where a mortgage contract becomes effective upon registration, payment shall be made according to the registration sequence of the mortgaged property; in case of same sequence, payment shall be made according to the proportion of obligee's rights; and

（二）抵押合同自簽訂之日起生效的，該抵押物已登記的，按照本條第（一）項規定清償；未登記的，按照合同生效時間的先後順序清償，順序相同的，按照債權比例清償。抵押物已登記的先於未登記的受償。

(II) Where a mortgage contract becomes effective on the date of signing and the mortgaged property has already been registered, payment shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Item 1 of this Article; where the mortgaged property has not been registered, payment shall be made according to the chronological order of the effective date of the contracts; in case of same chronological order, payment shall be made according to the proportion of obligee's rights. Registered mortgage contracts shall have priority over those not registered.

第五十五條   城市房地產抵押合同簽訂後，土地上新增的房屋不屬於抵押物。需要拍賣該抵押的房地產時，可以依法將該土地上新增的房屋與抵押物一同拍賣，但對拍賣新增房屋所得，抵押權人無權優先受償。

Article 55 After a mortgage contract for urban real estate has been concluded, newly-built houses on the land shall not be regarded as the mortgaged property. If the mortgaged real estate needs to be sold by auction, the newly-built houses on the land may be auctioned off according to law together with the mortgaged property. However, the mortgagee shall not have the priority in compensation with respect to the funds obtained from auction of the newly-built houses.

依照本法規定以承包的荒地的土地使用權抵押的，或者以鄉（鎮）、村企業的廠房等建築物占用範圍內的土地使用權抵押的，在實現抵押權後，未經法定程序不得改變土地集體所有和土地用途。

Where the right to the use of land of the unreclaimed land contracted for management according to this Law is to be mortgaged, or the right to the use of the land within the extent occupied by the buildings of the township (town) or village enterprises such as a plant is to be mortgaged, after the realization of mortgage, the collective ownership and purpose of the land shall not be changed without the legal procedure is gone through.

第五十六條   拍賣劃撥的國有土地使用權所得的價款，在依法繳納相當於應繳納的土地使用權出讓金的款額後，抵押權人有優先受償權。

Article 56 The mortgagee shall be entitled to the priority of having his claim satisfied with the proceeds from the auction of the right to the use of the State-owned land appropriated, after paying an amount equivalent to that for the grant of the land use right which should be paid according to law.

第五十七條   為債務人抵押擔保的第三人，在抵押權人實現抵押權後，有權向債務人追償。

Article 57 A third party that provides a guarantee of mortgage for a debtor shall have the right of recourse against the debtor after realization of the mortgage rights by the mortgagee.

第五十八條   抵押權因抵押物滅失而消滅。因滅失所得的賠償金，應當作為抵押財產。

Article 58 A mortgage is annulled by destruction of the mortgaged property. Compensation obtained for such loss shall serve as mortgaged property.

第五節 最高額抵押

Section 5 Mortgage of Maximum Amount

第五十九條   本法所稱最高額抵押，是指抵押人與抵押權人協議，在最高債權額限度內，以抵押物對一定期間內連續發生的債權作擔保。

Article 59 For the purposes of this Law, the term "mortgage up to a maximum amount" shall refer to an arrangement under which the mortgagor and the mortgagee agree to use mortgaged property to secure a series of obligations over a specified period up to a maximum obligation amount.

第六十條   借款合同可以附最高額抵押合同。

Article 60 A loan contract may be attached with a mortgage contract of maximum amount.

債權人與債務人就某項商品在一定期間內連續發生交易而簽訂的合同，可以附最高額抵押合同。

A contract of mortgage up to a maximum amount may be attached to a contract between a creditor and a debtor for a series of transactions relating to a certain commodity over a certain period of time.

第六十一條   最高額抵押的主合同債權不得轉讓。

Article 61 The creditor's right to the principal contract secured by a mortgage of maximum amount may not be transferred.

第六十二條   最高額抵押除適用本節規定外，適用本章其他規定。

Article 62 The provisions of this section plus other provisions of this Chapter shall apply to mortgage of maximum amount.

第四章 質 押

Chapter 4 Pledge

第一節 動產質押

Section 1 Pledge of Movables

第六十三條   本法所稱動產質押，是指債務人或者第三人將其動產移交債權人占有，將該動產作為債權的擔保。債務人不履行債務時，債權人有權依照本法規定以該動產折價或者以拍賣、變賣該動產的價款優先受償。

Article 63 For the purposes of this Law, the term "pledge" shall refer to a security whereby a debtor or a third party uses movable property transferred to the possession of the creditor as security for an obligation. When the debtor fails to perform his obligation, the creditor shall be entitled to priority in receiving payment by converting the movable into value or proceeds from the auction or sale of such movable in accordance with this Law.

前款規定的債務人或者第三人為出質人，債權人為質權人，移交的動產為質物。

The debtor or third party referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the pledgor; the creditor shall be the pledgee and the movable transferred shall be the pledged property.

第六十四條   出質人和質權人應當以書面形式訂立質押合同。

Article 64 A pledgor and a pledgee shall enter into a pledge contract in writing.

質押合同自質物移交於質權人占有時生效。

Pledge contract shall become effective upon the delivery of the pledged property to the possession of the pledgee.

第六十五條   質押合同應當包括以下內容：

Article 65 A pledge contract shall include the following contents:

（一）被擔保的主債權種類、數額；

1. the type and amount of the principal obligation secured;

（二）債務人履行債務的期限；

(II) the time limit for performance of the obligation by the debtor;

（三）質物的名稱、數量、質量、狀況；

(III) the name, quantity, quality and condition of the pledged property;

（四）質押擔保的範圍；

(IV) the scope of the guarantee;

（五）質物移交的時間；

(V) the time of transferring the pledged property; and

（六）當事人認為需要約定的其他事項。

(VI) other items which the parties consider necessary to agree.

質押合同不完全具備前款規定內容的，可以補正。

A pledge contract which does not include all of the contents stipulated in the preceding paragraph may be supplemented.

第六十六條   出質人和質權人在合同中不得約定在債務履行期屆滿質權人未受清償時，質物的所有權轉移為質權人所有。

Article 66 The pledgor and the pledgee may not agree in the contract that the ownership of the pledged property shall be transferred to the pledgee when the pledgee is not paid at the expiration of the term for performance of the debt.

第六十七條   質押擔保的範圍包括主債權及利息、違約金、損害賠償金、質物保管費用和實現質權的費用。質押合同另有約定的，按照約定。

Article 67 The scope of guaranty of pledge includes the principal claim and the interest thereof, default fine, the compensation for damage, the storage charges and the cost of enforcing the right of the pledge. Where a pledge contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

第六十八條   質權人有權收取質物所生的孳息。質押合同另有約定的，按照約定。

Article 68 The pledgee shall be entitled to collect the fruits derived from the pledged property. Where a pledge contract provides for a separate agreement, such agreement shall be observed.

前款孳息應當先充抵收取孳息的費用。

The fruits mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall first be set off against the expenses incurred in the collection of the fruits.

第六十九條   質權人負有妥善保管質物的義務。因保管不善致使質物滅失或者毀損的，質權人應當承擔民事責任。

Article 69. The pledgee shall have the obligation to take due care of the pledged property. The pledgee shall be civilly liable for loss of or damage to the pledged property resulting from lack of due care.

質權人不能妥善保管質物可能致使其滅失或者毀損的，出質人可以要求質權人將質物提存，或者要求提前清償債權而返還質物。

Where the pledgee is unable to maintain the pledged property in good condition and may thus cause loss or destruction of or damage to the pledged property, the pledgor may demand that the pledgee have the pledged property deposited, or demand that his obligation be discharged in advance and the pledged property returned.

第七十條   質物有損壞或者價值明顯減少的可能，足以危害質權人權利的，質權人可以要求出質人提供相應的擔保。出質人不提供的，質權人可以拍賣或者變賣質物，並與出質人協議將拍賣或者變賣所得的價款用於提前清償所擔保的債權或者向與出質人約定的第三人提存。

Article 70 Where there is a possibility of damage to or obvious reduction in the value of the pledged property that is detrimental to the rights of the pledgee, the pledgee may require the pledgor to provide a corresponding security. Where the pledgor fails to do so, the pledgee may auction or sell the pledged property and agree with the pledgor to use the proceeds therefrom for early fulfillment of the obligation secured or for deposit with a third party agreed with the pledgor.

第七十一條   債務履行期屆滿債務人履行債務的，或者出質人提前清償所擔保的債權的，質權人應當返還質物。

Article 71 Where a debtor performs his obligation at the expiration of the term for performance thereof or a pledgor fulfills his obligation secured ahead of schedule, the pledgee shall return pledged property.

債務履行期屆滿質權人未受清償的，可以與出質人協議以質物折價，也可以依法拍賣、變賣質物。

Where the pledgee has not received full payment at the expiration of the term for performance of the obligation, he may agree with the pledgor to convert the pledged property into value or may auction or sell off the pledged property according to law.

質物折價或者拍賣、變賣後，其價款超過債權數額的部分歸出質人所有，不足部分由債務人清償。

After pledged property has been converted into value or auctioned or sold, any portion of the proceeds that exceeds the amount of the obligation shall be owned by the pledgor and any shortfall shall be paid by the debtor.

第七十二條   為債務人質押擔保的第三人，在質權人實現質權後，有權向債務人追償。

Article 72 A third party who provides a guarantee by means of pledge for a debtor shall have recourse against the debtor after realisation of the pledge by the pledgee.

第七十三條   質權因質物滅失而消滅。因滅失所得的賠償金，應當作為出質財產。

Article 73 The right of pledge shall lapse due to loss or destruction of the pledged property. Compensation obtained for such loss shall serve as pledged property.

第七十四條   質權與其擔保的債權同時存在，債權消滅的，質權也消滅。

Article 74 The right of pledge shall co-exist with the creditor's right secured. Where the creditor's right lapses, the right of pledge shall also lapse.

第二節 權利質押

Section 2 Pledge of Rights

第七十五條   下列權利可以質押：

Article 75 The following rights may be pledged:

（一）匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉單、提單；

1. bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes, bonds, certificates of deposit, warehouse receipts, bills of lading;

（二）依法可以轉讓的股份、股票；

2. shares and stocks which may be transferred in accordance with the law;

（三）依法可以轉讓的商標專用權，專利權、著作權中的財產權；

(III) exclusive rights to use trademarks, property rights among patent rights and copyrights that are transferable according to law;

（四）依法可以質押的其他權利。

(IV) other rights which may be pledged according to law.

第七十六條   以匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉單、提單出質的，應當在合同約定的期限內將權利憑證交付質權人。質押合同自權利憑證交付之日起生效。

Article 76 Where a bill of exchange, cheque, promissory note, bond, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt or bill of lading is pledged, the document of title shall be delivered to the pledgee within the time limit agreed upon in the pledge contract. The pledge contract shall become effective upon the delivery of the document of title.

第七十七條   以載明兌現或者提貨日期的匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉單、提單出質的，匯票、支票、本票、債券、存款單、倉單、提單兌現或者提貨日期先於債務履行期的，質權人可以在債務履行期屆滿前兌現或者提貨，並與出質人協議將兌現的價款或者提取的貨物用於提前清償所擔保的債權或者向與出質人約定的第三人提存。

Article 77 Where a bill of exchange, cheque, promissory note, bond, certificate of deposit, warehouse receipt or bill of lading, which carries the date of encashment or the date of delivery of goods, is pledged and if the date on which the bill of exchange, cheque, promissory note, bond, certificate of deposit, warehouse receipt or bill of lading is encashment or the date of delivery of goods is earlier than the date on which the debt remains due, the pledgee may encash or take delivery of the goods before the date on which the debt remains due, and conclude an agreement with the pledgor that the encashment or the goods taken delivery of be used to satisfy in advance the debt secured or be deposited with a third party as agreed upon with the pledgor.

第七十八條   以依法可以轉讓的股票出質的，出質人與質權人應當訂立書面合同，並向證券登記機構辦理出質登記。質押合同自登記之日起生效。

Article 78. Where legally transferable share certificates are pledged, the pledgor and the pledgee shall enter into a written pledge contract and register the pledge with the securities registration authorities. The pledge contract shall become effective on the date of the registration./The pledge contract shall become effective upon registration

股票出質後，不得轉讓，但經出質人與質權人協商同意的可以轉讓。出質人轉讓股票所得的價款應當向質權人提前清償所擔保的債權或者向與質權人約定的第三人提存。

The certificates of stocks pledged may not be transferred, unless agreed between the pledger and the pledgee. The proceeds obtained by the pledgor from the transfer of the shares shall be used for early fulfillment of the secured obligation to the pledgee or deposited with a third party agreed with the pledgee.

以有限責任公司的股份出質的，適用公司法股份轉讓的有關規定。質押合同自股份出質記載於股東名冊之日起生效。

The pledge of shares of a limited liability company shall be governed by the relevant provisions of the Company Law on the transfer of shares. The pledge contract shall become effective on the date on which the pledge of shares is written into the shareholders' name-list.

第七十九條   以依法可以轉讓的商標專用權，專利權、著作權中的財產權出質的，出質人與質權人應當訂立書面合同，並向其管理部門辦理出質登記。質押合同自登記之日起生效。

Article 79 In case of a pledge of a trademark, patent or copyright among property rights that are transferable according to law, the pledgor and the pledgee shall conclude a written contract and register the pledge with the authorities for the administration of such trademark, patent or copyright. The pledge contract shall become effective on the date of the registration./The pledge contract shall become effective upon registration

第八十條   本法第七十九條規定的權利出質後，出質人不得轉讓或者許可他人使用，但經出質人與質權人協商同意的可以轉讓或者許可他人使用。出質人所得的轉讓費、許可費應當向質權人提前清償所擔保的債權或者向與質權人約定的第三人提存。

Article 80 After the rights specified in Article 79 hereof have been pledged, the pledgor may not assign such rights or permit others to use such rights. However, the pledgor and the pledgee may assign or permit others to use such rights through consultations. Transfer fees and licence fees acquired by the pledgor shall be used to satisfy in advance the secured claims of the creditor or be deposited with a third party upon agreement with the pledgee.

第八十一條   權利質押除適用本節規定外，適用本章第一節的規定。

Article 81 The pledge of rights is governed not only by the provisions of this Section, but also by the provisions of Section 1 of this Chapter.

第五章 留 置

Chapter 5 Lien

第八十二條   本法所稱留置，是指依照本法第八十四條的規定，債權人按照合同約定占有債務人的動產，債務人不按照合同約定的期限履行債務的，債權人有權依照本法規定留置該財產，以該財產折價或者以拍賣、變賣該財產的價款優先受償。

Article 82 "Lien" as used in this Law means that the creditor shall possess the debtor's movables according to the terms of the contract as provided by Article 84 of this Law. Where the debtor fails to perform his obligations within the time limit specified in the contract, the creditor shall be entitled to have a lien over the relevant property according to the provisions of this Law and may keep the property to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the auction or sale of the property.

第八十三條   留置擔保的範圍包括主債權及利息、違約金、損害賠償金、留置物保管費用和實現留置權的費用。

Article 83 The scope of guaranty of lien shall cover the principal obligatory right and its interest, contractual fine, damage compensation, expense for keeping the subject with a lien and expense for realization of the right of lien.

第八十四條   因保管合同、運輸合同、加工承攬合同發生的債權，債務人不履行債務的，債權人有留置權。

Article 84 Where the debtor of an obligation incurred under a contract of custody or for transport or the undertaking of processing fails to perform his obligation, the creditor shall have a right of lien.

法律規定可以留置的其他合同，適用前款規定。

The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to other contracts for which a lien may be taken as prescribed by the law.

當事人可以在合同中約定不得留置的物。

The parties may agree in the contract on articles not subject to lien.

第八十五條   留置的財產為可分物的，留置物的價值應當相當於債務的金額。

Article 85 Where the retained property can be divided, the value of the part retained shall be equal to the amount of the debt.

第八十六條   留置權人負有妥善保管留置物的義務。因保管不善致使留置物滅失或者毀損的，留置權人應當承擔民事責任。

Article 86 A lienor shall be obliged to keep lien Articles properly. If he does not keep the subject with a lien properly so that the subject with a lien is extinct or damaged, the lienor shall bear the civil liability.

第八十七條   債權人與債務人應當在合同中約定，債權人留置財產後，債務人應當在不少於兩個月的期限內履行債務。債權人與債務人在合同中未約定的，債權人留置債務人財產後，應當確定兩個月以上的期限，通知債務人在該期限內履行債務。

Article 87 The creditor and the debtor shall agree in the contract that the debtor shall perform his obligation within not less than two months after the creditor takes a lien over the property. If the creditor and the debtor have not agreed in the contract, after the creditor has a lien on the property of the debtor, he shall set a time limit of more than two months and notify the debtor to perform the debt within the said time limit.

債務人逾期仍不履行的，債權人可以與債務人協議以留置物折價，也可以依法拍賣、變賣留置物。

Where the debtor does not perform the debt within the stipulated period, the creditor may agree with the debtor to convert the retention property to value or may auction or sell the retention property pursuant to the law.

留置物折價或者拍賣、變賣後，其價款超過債權數額的部分歸債務人所有，不足部分由債務人清償。

After the subject with a lien has been converted into value or auctioned or sold, any portion of the proceeds that exceeds the amount of the obligation shall be owned by the debtor and any shortfall shall be paid by the debtor.

第八十八條   留置權因下列原因消滅：

Article 88 A lien shall be extinguished as a result of the following reasons

（一）債權消滅的；

1. The obligee's rights are terminated;

（二）債務人另行提供擔保並被債權人接受的。

(II) the debtor provides guarantee separately and is accepted by the creditor.

第六章 定 金

Chapter 6 Deposit

第八十九條   當事人可以約定一方向對方給付定金作為債權的擔保。債務人履行債務後，定金應當抵作價款或者收回。給付定金的一方不履行約定的債務的，無權要求返還定金；收受定金的一方不履行約定的債務的，應當雙倍返還定金。

Article 89 The parties may agree that one party pay a deposit to the other party as a guaranty for the obligation. After the obligor performs the obligation, the deposit shall be offset against the price or returned. Where the party which pays the deposit fails to perform its obligations under the contract, it has no right to demand the return of the deposit; where the party which receives the deposit fails to perform its obligations under the contract, it shall return twice the amount of the deposit to the other party.

第九十條   定金應當以書面形式約定。當事人在定金合同中應當約定交付定金的期限。定金合同從實際交付定金之日起生效。

Article 90 Deposits shall be agreed in writing. The parties shall set a time limit in the deposit contract for the delivery of the deposit. The deposit contract shall become effective on the date of the actual delivery of the deposit.

第九十一條   定金的數額由當事人約定，但不得超過主合同標的額的百分之二十。

Article 91 The amount of the deposit shall be agreed by the parties, but may not exceed 20 percent of the value of the subject matter of the principal contract.

第七章 附 則

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第九十二條   本法所稱不動產是指土地以及房屋、林木等地上定著物。

Article 92 For the purposes of this Law, immovable property shall refer to land and attachments thereto such as buildings and forests.

本法所稱動產是指不動產以外的物。

For the purposes of this Law, the term "movable property" shall refer to property other than real property.

第九十三條   本法所稱保證合同、抵押合同、質押合同、定金合同可以是單獨訂立的書面合同，包括當事人之間的具有擔保性質的信函、傳真等，也可以是主合同中的擔保條款。

Article 93 For the purposes of this Law, guarantee, mortgage, pledge and deposit contracts may be separately concluded written contracts that include letters, facsimiles, etc. between the parties that are in the nature of a security and that also may be security clauses of a principal contract.

第九十四條   抵押物、質物、留置物折價或者變賣，應當參照市場價格。

Article 94 When converting into value or selling off any item subject to a mortgage, pledge or lien, its market price shall be referred to.

第九十五條   海商法等法律對擔保有特別規定的，依照其規定。

Article 95 Where the Maritime Code and other laws have special provisions on guaranty, such provisions shall apply.

第九十六條   本法自１９９５年１０月１日起施行。

Article 96 This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 1995.