法律文本

中華人民共和國海上交通安全法（2016修正）

Maritime Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China (Amended in 2016)

（1983年9月2日第六屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二次會議通過 根據2016年11月7日第十二屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十四次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國對外貿易法〉等十二部法律的決定》修正）

(Adopted at the Second Session of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on September 2, 1983; and revised according to the Decision on Revising Twelve Laws including the Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China passed at the 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress on November 7, 2016)

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為加強海上交通管理，保障船舶、設施和人命財產的安全，維護國家權益，特制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to strengthen the control of maritime traffic; ensure the safety of vessels, installations, human life and property; and safeguard the rights and interests of the state.

第二條   本法適用於在中華人民共和國沿海水域航行、停泊和作業的一切船舶、設施和人員以及船舶、設施的所有人、經營人。

Article 2 This Law shall apply to all vessels, installations and personnel and to the owners and managers of such vessels and installations that navigate, berth or operate in the coastal waters of the People's Republic of China.

第三條   中華人民共和國港務監督機構，是對沿海水域的交通安全實施統一監督管理的主管機關。

Article 3 The harbour superintendence agencies of the People's Republic of China shall be the competent authorities responsible for the unified supervision and administration of traffic safety in the coastal waters.

第二章 船舶檢驗和登記

Chapter 2 Inspection and Registration of Vessels

第四條   船舶和船上有關航行安全的重要設備必須具有船舶檢驗部門簽發的有效技術證書。

Article 4 Vessels and their major equipment relating to navigation safety must have valid technical certificates issued by vessel inspection departments.

第五條   船舶必須持有船舶國籍證書，或船舶登記證書，或船舶執照。

Article 5 A vessel must have a certificate showing its nationality, a vessel registry certificate or a vessel licence.

第三章 船舶、設施上的人員

Chapter 3 Personnel on Vessels and Installations

第六條   船舶應當按照標準定額配備足以保證船舶安全的合格船員。

Article 6 Vessels shall be manned with qualified crew members according to a standard quota to ensure the vessels' safety.

第七條   船長、輪機長、駕駛員、輪機員、無線電報務員話務員以及水上飛機、潛水器的相應人員，必須持有合格的職務證書。

Article 7 The captain, chief engineer, pilot, engineers, radio and telephone operators and similar personnel on board seaplanes or submersibles must hold valid job certificates.

其他船員必須經過相應的專業技術訓練。

The other crew must be well trained for their job.

第八條   設施應當按照國家規定，配備掌握避碰、信號、通信、消防、救生等專業技能的人員。

Article 8 In accordance with state provisions, all installations shall be provided with personnel who have mastered the techniques of collision avoidance, signaling, communications, fire control, life-saving and other operations.

第九條   船舶、設施上的人員必須遵守有關海上交通安全的規章制度和操作規程，保障船舶、設施航行、停泊和作業的安全。

Article 9 All personnel on vessels and installations must observe relevant rules and regulations concerning maritime traffic safety, follow the operating rules and ensure the safety of the vessels and installations in navigation, berthing and operations.

第四章 航行、停泊和作業

Chapter 4 Navigation, Berthing and Operation

第十條   船舶、設施航行、停泊和作業，必須遵守中華人民共和國的有關法律、行政法規和規章。

Article 10 When navigating, berthing or carrying out operations, vessels and installations must abide by the relevant laws, administrative statutes and rules and regulations of the People's Republic of China.

第十一條   外國籍非軍用船舶，未經主管機關批準，不得進入中華人民共和國的內水和港口。但是，因人員病急、機件故障、遇難、避風等意外情況，未及獲得批準，可以在進入的同時向主管機關緊急報告，並聽從指揮。

Article 11 Non- military vessels of foreign nationality may not enter the internal waters and harbours of the People's Republic of China without the approval of its competent authorities. However, under unexpected circumstances such as critical illness of personnel, engine breakdown or the vessels being in distress or seeking shelter from wind when they do not have the time to obtain approval, they may, while entering the country, make an emergency report to the competent authorities and shall obey its directions.

外國籍軍用船舶，未經中華人民共和國政府批準，不得進入中華人民共和國領海。

Military vessels of foreign nationality may not enter the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China without the approval of the Government of the People's Republic of China.

第十二條   國際航行船舶進出中華人民共和國港口，必須接受主管機關的檢查。

Article 12. International vessels entering or leaving ports of the People's Republic of China shall be subject to inspection by the authorities in charge.

本國籍國內航行船舶進出港口，必須向主管機關報告船舶的航次計劃、適航狀態、船員配備和載貨載客等情況。

For the port entry and exit of a domestic voyage vessel, such conditions as voyage planning, airworthiness, equipping of a vessel's crew, and the cargo and passenger carrying capacity of vessels shall be reported to the competent authority.

第十三條   外國籍船舶進出中華人民共和國港口或者在港內航行、移泊以及靠離港外系泊點、裝卸站等，必須由主管機關指派引航員引航。

Article 13 Vessels of foreign nationality entering and leaving a harbour of the People's Republic of China, navigating or shifting berths in the harbour area, or approaching or leaving mooring points or loading spots outside the harbour must be navigated by a pilot designated by the competent authorities.

第十四條   船舶進出港口或者通過交通管制區、通航密集區和航行條件受到限制的區域時，必須遵守中華人民共和國政府或主管機關公布的特別規定。

Article 14 When entering or leaving harbours or passing through controlled traffic areas, crowded navigable areas or areas where navigational conditions are restricted, vessels must observe the special regulations promulgated by the Government of the People's Republic of China or by the competent authorities.

第十五條   除經主管機關特別許可外，禁止船舶進入或穿越禁航區。

Article 15 Vessels shall be prohibited from entering or passing through restricted navigation zones unless specially permitted by the competent authorities.

第十六條   大型設施和移動式平臺的海上拖帶，必須經船舶檢驗部門進行拖航檢驗，並報主管機關核準。

Article 16 Towing operations on the open sea involving large-sized installations and mobile platforms must undergo towing inspection conducted by vessel inspection departments and be reported to the competent authorities for examination and approval.

第十七條   主管機關發現船舶的實際狀況同證書所載不相符合時，有權責成其申請重新檢驗或者通知其所有人、經營人采取有效的安全措施。

Article 17 If the competent authorities finds the actual condition of a vessel to be not in conformity with what is stated in the vessel's certificates, it shall have the right to require the vessel to apply for a new inspection or notify its owner or manager to adopt effective safety measures.

第十八條   主管機關認為船舶對港口安全具有威脅時，有權禁止其進港或令其離港。

Article 18 If the competent authorities believes that a vessel presents a menace to the safety of a harbour, it shall have the right to forbid the vessel from entering the harbour or to order it to leave the harbour.

第十九條   船舶、設施有下列情況之一的，主管機關有權禁止其離港，或令其停航、改航、停止作業：

Article 19 The competent authorities shall have the right to prohibit a vessel or an installation from leaving the port or order it to suspend its voyage, change its route or stop its operations if it:

一、違反中華人民共和國有關的法律、行政法規或規章；

1. Violating the relevant laws, administrative regulations or rules of the People's Republic of China;

二、處於不適航或不適拖狀態；

II、 being unseaworthy or untowworthy;

三、發生交通事故，手續未清；

III、 if it was involved in a traffic accident and has not completed the necessary formalities;

四、未向主管機關或有關部門交付應承擔的費用，也未提供適當的擔保；

IV、 if it has not paid the fees that are due or furnished appropriate security to the competent authorities or the department concerned;

五、主管機關認為有其他妨害或者可能妨害海上交通安全的情況。

V、 if the competent authorities considers that there are other circumstances which will or may threaten the maritime traffic safety.

第五章 安全保障

Chapter 5 Security

第二十條   在沿海水域進行水上水下施工以及劃定相應的安全作業區，必須報經主管機關核準公告。無關的船舶不得進入安全作業區。施工單位不得擅自擴大安全作業區的範圍。

Article 20 Construction operations to be carried out on the surface or underwater in coastal waters and the demarcation of corresponding safe operation zones must be reported to the competent authorities for examination and approval and must be publicly announced. Vessels not involved in the construction project may not enter the safe operation zones. The construction unit may not enlarge such zones without authorization.

在港區內使用岸線或者進行水上水下施工包括架空施工，還必須附圖報經主管機關審核同意。

When shore lines are to be used in harbour areas or when construction work, including overhead operations, is to be carried out on the sea surface or underwater in such areas, the plan and a drawing thereof must be submitted to the competent authorities for examination and approval.

第二十一條   在沿海水域劃定禁航區，必須經國務院或主管機關批準。但是，為軍事需要劃定禁航區，可以由國家軍事主管部門批準。

Article 21 The designation of restricted navigation zones in coastal waters must be approved by the State Council or the competent authorities. However, the designation of restricted navigation zones for military purposes shall be approved by the national military authorities.

禁航區由主管機關公布。

The restricted navigation zones shall be announced by the competent authorities.

第二十二條   未經主管機關批準，不得在港區、錨地、航道、通航密集區以及主管機關公布的航路內設置、構築設施或者進行其他有礙航行安全的活動。

Article 22 Without the approval of the competent authorities, no installations may be established or constructed, nor may any activities that hinder navigational safety be carried out in harbour areas, anchorages, channels, or crowded navigable areas, as well as in navigation routes announced by the competent authorities.

對在上述區域內擅自設置、構築的設施，主管機關有權責令其所有人限期搬遷或拆除。

With respect to any installations which have been established or constructed in the above-mentioned areas without authorization, the competent authorities shall have the right to order their owners to remove or dismantle the installations within a given period of time.

第二十三條   禁止損壞助航標志和導航設施。損壞助航標志或導航設施的，應當立即向主管機關報告，並承擔賠償責任。

Article 23 It shall be forbidden to damage navigation aids or navigational facilities. Whoever has damaged navigation aids or navigational facilities shall immediately report the damage to the competent authorities and be liable for compensation.

第二十四條   船舶、設施發現下列情況，應當迅速報告主管機關：

Article 24 Vessels and installations shall promptly make a report to the competent authorities if they discover any of the following situations:

一、助航標志或導航設施變異、失常；

1. If navigation aids or navigational facilities malfunction or become abnormal;

二、有妨礙航行安全的障礙物、漂流物；

II、 if any obstacle or drifting object jeopardizing the safety of navigation is discovered;

三、其他有礙航行安全的異常情況。

Other abnormal situations affecting navigation safety.

第二十五條   航標周圍不得建造或設置影響其工作效能的障礙物。航標和航道附近有礙航行安全的燈光，應當妥善遮蔽。

Article 25 No obstacle affecting the efficacy of navigation aids may be erected or installed in areas surrounding the aids. Any lights in the vicinity of the navigation aids or navigational lanes that jeopardize navigation safety shall be properly screened.

第二十六條   設施的搬遷、拆除，沉船沉物的打撈清除，水下工程的善後處理，都不得遺留有礙航行和作業安全的隱患。在未妥善處理前，其所有人或經營人必須負責設置規定的標志，並將礙航物的名稱、形狀、尺寸、位置和深度準確地報告主管機關。

Article 26 When removing or dismantling installations, salvaging or removing sunken ships or objects, and handling the finishing operations of underwater projects, no hidden dangers shall be left to menace navigational or operational safety. Before the aforesaid operations have been properly completed, their owners or managers must be responsible for erecting markers as required and making an accurate report to the competent authority on the type, shape, size and location of the obstacle and the depth of water over it.

第二十七條   港口碼頭、港外系泊點，裝卸站和船閘，應當加強安全管理，保持良好狀態。

Article 27. Port wharves, mooring points and cargo terminals outside of port areas as well as locks should be well maintained for safety and kept in good condition.

第二十八條   主管機關根據海上交通安全的需要，確定、調整交通管制區和港口錨地。港外錨地的劃定，由主管機關報上級機關批準後公告。

Article 28 To meet the requirements of maritime traffic safety, the competent authority shall fix and adjust traffic control areas and harbour anchorages. The designation of anchorages outside of harbour areas shall be announced by the competent authority after the report relative thereto has been submitted to and approved by higher authorities.

第二十九條   主管機關按照國家規定，負責統一發布航行警告和航行通告。

Article 29 The competent authorities shall, in accordance with relevant provisions of the State, be responsible for issuing navigational warnings and navigational notices.

第三十條   為保障航行、停泊和作業的安全，有關部門應當保持通信聯絡暢通，保持助航標志、導航設施明顯有效，及時提供海洋氣象預報和必要的航海圖書資料。

Article 30 In order to ensure the safety of navigation, berthing and operations, the departments concerned shall maintain unimpeded communications facilities, ensure distinct and effective navigation aids and navigational facilities and, in a timely manner, provide meteorological forecasts and necessary books and reference materials concerning maritime navigation.

第三十一條   船舶、設施發生事故，對交通安全造成或者可能造成危害時，主管機關有權采取必要的強制性處置措施。

Article 31 When vessels and installations are involved in accidents that jeopardize or may jeopardize traffic safety, the competent authorities shall have the right to take necessary, compulsory measures to deal with the matter.

第六章 危險貨物運輸

Chapter 6 Transportation of Dangerous Goods

第三十二條   船舶、設施儲存、裝卸、運輸危險貨物，必須具備安全可靠的設備和條件，遵守國家關於危險貨物管理和運輸的規定。

Article 32 When vessels or installations store, load, unload or transport dangerous goods, they must maintain safe and reliable equipment and conditions and observe the state provisions governing the control and transport of dangerous goods.

第三十三條   船舶裝運危險貨物，必須向主管機關辦理申報手續，經批準後，方可進出港口或裝卸。

Article 33 When vessels load and transport dangerous goods, they must go through the procedures for declaration to the competent authorities and they may not enter or leave the harbour or load or unload until approval has been obtained.

第七章 海難救助

Chapter 7 Salvage at Sea

第三十四條   船舶、設施或飛機遇難時，除發出呼救信號外，還應當以最迅速的方式將出事時間、地點、受損情況、救助要求以及發生事故的原因，向主管機關報告。

Article 34 When vessels, installations or aircraft are in distress, they shall, in addition to issuing distress signals calling for help, use the quickest method possible to report to the competent authorities the time and place of the accident, the extent of damage, the assistance required and the cause of the accident.

第三十五條   遇難船舶、設施或飛機及其所有人、經營人應當采取一切有效措施組織自救。

Article 35 Vessels, installations or aircraft in distress and their owners or managers shall take all effective measures to organize their own rescue efforts.

第三十六條   事故現場附近的船舶，設施，收到求救信號或發現有人遭遇生命危險時，在不嚴重危及自身安全的情況下，應當盡力救助遇難人員，並迅速向主管機關報告現場情況和本船舶、設施的名稱、呼號和位置。

Article 36 When vessels or installations in the vicinity of the scene of an accident receive a distress signal or discover that people's lives are endangered, they shall do their best to rescue the people in distress insofar as their own safety is not seriously endangered, and promptly report to the competent authorities the situation at the scene, their own names, call signs and positions.

第三十七條   發生碰撞事故的船舶、設施，應當互通名稱、國籍和登記港，並盡一切可能救助遇難人員。在不嚴重危及自身安全的情況下，當事船舶不得擅自離開事故現場。

Article 37 Vessels or installations involved in a collision shall exchange their names, nationalities and ports of registry and do their best to rescue personnel in distress. The vessels involved may not leave the scene of the accident without authorization, insofar as their own safety is not seriously endangered.

第三十八條   主管機關接到求救報告後，應當立即組織救助。有關單位和在事故現場附近的船舶、設施，必須聽從主管機關的統一指揮。

Article 38 Upon receiving a request for rescue, the competent authorities shall immediately organize a rescue operation. All units concerned and vessels or installations in the vicinity of the scene must act under the orders of the competent authorities.

第三十九條   外國派遣船舶或飛機進入中華人民共和國領海或領海上空搜尋救助遇難的船舶或人員，必須經主管機關批準。

Article 39 When a foreign country intends to dispatch vessels or aircraft into the territorial waters or the airspace over the territorial waters of the People's Republic of China to search for and rescue vessels or people in distress, it must obtain the approval of the competent authorities.

第八章 打撈清除

Chapter 8 Salvage and Removal

第四十條   對影響安全航行、航道整治以及有潛在爆炸危險的沉沒物、漂浮物，其所有人、經營人應當在主管機關限定的時間內打撈清除。否則，主管機關有權采取措施強制打撈清除，其全部費用由沉沒物、漂浮物的所有人、經營人承擔。

Article 40 With respect to sunken or drifting objects that may affect the safety of navigation and the management of navigation lanes, as well as those constituting a threat of explosion, the owners or managers thereof shall salvage and remove such objects within a deadline set by the competent authorities. The competent authorities shall have the authority to take measures to compel the removal of the objects by salvage at the expense of the owners or operators of the sunken or drifting objects.

本條規定不影響沉沒物、漂浮物的所有人、經營人向第三方索賠的權利。

Nothing in this Article shall affect the rights of the owners or operators of sunken or drifting objects to demand compensation from third parties.

第四十一條   未經主管機關批準，不得擅自打撈或拆除沿海水域內的沉船沉物。

Article 41 No sunken vessels or sunken articles in the coastal waters may be salvaged or dismantled without the approval of the competent authorities.

第九章 交通事故的調查處理

Chapter 9 Investigation and Settlement of Traffic Accidents

第四十二條   船舶、設施發生交通事故，應當向主管機關遞交事故報告書和有關資料，並接受調查處理。

Article 42 Any vessel or installation involved in a traffic accident shall submit a written accident report and relative materials to the competent authorities and accept its investigation and handling of the accident.

事故的當事人和有關人員，在接受主管機關調查時，必須如實提供現場情況和與事故有關的情節。

While being investigated by the competent authorities the parties involved in the accident and relevant personnel must give a truthful account of circumstances at the scene of the accident and other relevant information.

第四十三條   船舶、設施發生的交通事故，由主管機關查明原因，判明責任。

Article 43 In the event of a traffic accident that involves a vessel or installation, the competent authorities shall ascertain the cause of the accident and fix the responsibility for it.

第十章 法律責任

Chapter 10 Legal Liabilities

第四十四條   對違反本法的，主管機關可視情節，給予下列一種或幾種處罰：

Article 44 The competent authorities shall, in the light of the circumstances, impose one or more of the following penalties on anyone who violates this Law:

一、警告；

1. Warning;

二、扣留或吊銷職務證書；

II、 Withholding or revoking work certificate;

三、罰款。

Fine.

第四十五 條   當事人對主管機關給予的罰款、吊銷職務證書處罰不服的，可以在接到處罰通知之日起十五天內，向人民法院起訴；期滿不起訴又不履行的，由主管機關申請人民法院強制執行。

Article 45 If a party does not accept the penalty of a fine or revocation of his work certificate imposed by the competent authorities, he may bring suit in a people's court within 15 days after receiving notification of the penalty. If he neither brings suit nor complies with the penalty upon the expiration of that period, the competent authorities shall request compulsory enforcement from the people's court.

第四十六條   因海上交通事故引起的民事糾紛，可以由主管機關調解處理，不願意調解或調解不成的，當事人可以向人民法院起訴；涉外案件的當事人，還可以根據書面協議提交仲裁機構仲裁。

Article 46 A civil dispute arising from a maritime traffic accident may be settled through mediation by the competent authorities. If the parties are unwilling to have the case mediated or if the mediation is unsuccessful, the parties may bring suit in the people's court. Parties to a case involving foreign interests may also submit the case to an arbitration agency for mediation, in accordance with the written agreement concluded between them.

第四十七條   對違反本法構成犯罪的人員，由司法機關依法追究刑事責任。

Article 47 Those whose violation of this Law constitutes a crime shall be investigated for their criminal responsibility by judicial organs in accordance with the Law.

第十一章 特別規定

Chapter 11 Special Provisions

第四十八條   國家漁政漁港監督管理機構，在以漁業為主的漁港水域內，行使本法規定的主管機關的職權，負責交通安全的監督管理，並負責沿海水域漁業船舶之間的交通事故的調查處理。具體實施辦法由國務院另行規定。

Article 48 Within the waters of fishing harbours, the state fisheries administration and fishing harbour superintendency agencies shall exercise the functions and powers of the competent authorities as provided in this Law, being responsible for the supervision and administration of traffic safety and for the investigation and handling of traffic accidents between fishing vessels in coastal waters. Concrete measures for implementation shall be separately prescribed by the State Council.

第四十九條   海上軍事管轄區和軍用船舶、設施的內部管理，為軍事目的進行水上水下作業的管理，以及公安船舶的檢驗登記、人員配備、進出港簽證，由國家有關主管部門依據本法另行規定。

Article 49 The internal administration of offshore military jurisdictional areas and military vessels and installations, the administration of surface and underwater operations carried out for military purposes, and the inspection and registration of public security vessels, the provision of their personnel and the issuing of their port entry and departure visas shall be separately prescribed by the relevant competent departments of the state in accordance with this Law.

第十二章 附則

Chapter 12 Supplementary Provisions

第五十條   本法下列用語的含義是：

Article 50 For the purpose of this Law, the definitions of the following terms are:

“沿海水域”是指中華人民共和國沿海的港口、內水和領海以及國家管轄的一切其他海域。

“Coastal Waters” means the harbours, inland waters, territorial seas and all other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the State along the seacoast of the People’s Republic of China.

“船舶”是指各類排水或非排水船、筏、水上飛機、潛水器和移動式平臺。

"Vessels" means all types of displacement or non-displacement ships, rafts, seaplanes, submersibles and mobile platforms.

“設施”是指水上水下各種固定或浮動建築、裝置和固定平臺。

“Facilities” means all types of surface and underwater structures, installations and fixed platforms, whether fixed or floating.

“作業”是指在沿海水域調查、勘探、開采、測量、建築、疏浚、爆破、救助、打撈、拖帶、捕撈、養殖、裝卸、科學試驗和其他水上水下施工。

"Operations" means investigations, exploration, exploitation, survey construction, dredging, demolition, rescue, salvage, towage, fishing, aquatic breeding, loading and unloading, scientific experimentation and other surface and underwater operations.

第五十一條   國務院主管部門依據本法，制定實施細則，報國務院批準施行。

Article 51 The competent department under the State Council shall, on the basis of this Law, formulate rules for its implementation, which shall go into effect after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.

第五十二條   過去頒布的海上交通安全法規與本法相抵觸的，以本法為準。

Article 52 In cases of conflict between laws and regulations pertaining to maritime traffic safety hitherto promulgated and this Law, this Law shall prevail.

第五十三條   本法自一九八四年一月一日起施行。

Article 53 This Law shall go into effect on January 1, 1984.