法律文本

中華人民共和國國防教育法（2018修正）

Defense Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (2018 Amendment)

2001年4月28日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十一次會議通過 根據2018年4月27日第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二次會議《關於修改〈中華人民共和國國境衛生檢疫法〉等六部法律的決定》修正）

Adopted at the 21st Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on April 28, 2001, and revised according to the Decision on Revising Six Laws including the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the Second Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on April 27, 2018)

第一章 總 則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了普及和加強國防教育，發揚愛國主義精神，促進國防建設和社會主義精神文明建設，根據國防法和教育法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Law on National Defense and the Education Law for the purpose of popularizing and strengthening education in national defense, carrying forward the spirit of patriotism, promoting the building of national defense and promoting the building of socialist spiritual civilization.

第二條   國防教育是建設和鞏固國防的基礎，是增強民族凝聚力、提高全民素質的重要途徑。

Article 2 The national defense education is the basis for the construction and consolidation of national defense and an important means for enhancing the national cohesion and improving the quality of the whole people.

第三條   國家通過開展國防教育，使公民增強國防觀念，掌握基本的國防知識，學習必要的軍事技能，激發愛國熱情，自覺履行國防義務。

Article 3 The State, through conducting national defense education, helps citizens to enhance their awareness of the importance of national defense, master the basic knowledge of national defense, learn the necessary military skills, develop patriotic enthusiasm and conscientiously perform their obligations to defend the country.

第四條   國防教育貫徹全民參與、長期堅持、講求實效的方針，實行經常教育與集中教育相結合、普及教育與重點教育相結合、理論教育與行為教育相結合的原則，針對不同對象確定相應的教育內容分類組織實施。

Article 4 The national defense education shall, under the policy of seeking the whole people as participants, persisting for a long term and focusing on the practical effects and in accordance with the principle of combining regular education with centralized education, popularization education with emphases education, and theoretical education with behavioral education, be organized and implemented by determining corresponding education contents for different targets.

第五條   中華人民共和國公民都有接受國防教育的權利和義務。

Article 5 All the citizens of the People's Republic of China have the rights and obligations to accept national defense education.

普及和加強國防教育是全社會的共同責任。

It is the common responsibility of the whole society to popularize and strengthen national defense education.

一切國家機關和武裝力量、各政黨和各社會團體、各企業事業組織以及基層群眾性自治組織，都應當根據各自的實際情況組織本地區、本部門、本單位開展國防教育。

All State organs and armed forces, all political parties and public organizations, all enterprises and institutions and grass-roots autonomous organizations of a mass character shall, in light of their specific conditions, organize national defense education in their respective areas, departments and units.

第六條   國務院領導全國的國防教育工作。中央軍事委員會協同國務院開展全民國防教育。

Article 6 The State Council shall exercise leadership over the national defense work throughout the country. The Central Military Commission shall assist the State Council in conducting national defense education among the whole people.

地方各級人民政府領導本行政區域內的國防教育工作。駐地軍事機關協助和支持地方人民政府開展國防教育。

Local people's governments at various levels shall exercise leadership over the work of national defense education within their respective administrative areas. Military organs stationed in the localities shall assist and support local people's governments in conducting national defense education.

第七條   國家國防教育工作機構規劃、組織、指導和協調全國的國防教育工作。

Article 7 The national defense education working institution of the state shall plan, organize, direct and coordinate the national defense education work throughout the country.

縣級以上地方負責國防教育工作的機構組織、指導、協調和檢查本行政區域內的國防教育工作。

Local organs at or above the county level in charge of the work of national defense education shall organize, direct, coordinate and inspect the work of national defense education within their respective administrative areas.

第八條   教育、退役軍人事務、文化宣傳等部門，在各自職責範圍內負責國防教育工作。

Article 8 The departments of education, ex-serviceman affairs, culture and publicity shall be responsible for the national defense work in compliance with their respective functions.

征兵、國防科研生產、國民經濟動員、人民防空、國防交通、軍事設施保護等工作的主管部門，依照本法和有關法律、法規的規定，負責國防教育工作。

The competent departments for the work of conscription, national defense research and production, national economic mobilization, civil air defense, national defense communications, protection of military installations, etc. shall take charge of the work of national defense education in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and regulations.

工會、共產主義青年團、婦女聯合會以及其他有關社會團體，協助人民政府開展國防教育。

Trade unions, communist youth leagues, women's federations and other relevant public organizations shall assist the people's governments in conducting national defense education.

第九條   中國人民解放軍、中國人民武裝警察部隊按照中央軍事委員會的有關規定開展國防教育。

Article 9 The Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force shall conduct national defense education in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Central Military Commission.

第十條   國家支持、鼓勵社會組織和個人開展有益於國防教育的活動。

Article 10 The State supports and encourages public organizations and individuals to carry out activities conducive to national defense education.

第十一條   國家和社會對在國防教育工作中作出突出貢獻的組織和個人，采取各種形式給予表彰和獎勵。

Article 11 The State and society commend and award, in various forms, the organizations and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to the work of national defense education.

第十二條   國家設立全民國防教育日。

Article 12 The state shall establish a National Defense Education Day of the Whole People.

第二章 學校國防教育

Chapter II National Defense Education in Schools

第十三條   學校的國防教育是全民國防教育的基礎，是實施素質教育的重要內容。

Article 13 The national defense education in schools is the basis for the national defense education of whole people. It is an important part of the quality education.

教育行政部門應當將國防教育列入工作計劃，加強對學校國防教育的組織、指導和監督，並對學校國防教育工作定期進行考核。

The administrative departments for education shall incorporate national defense education into their work plans, improve their organization and direction of and supervision over such education in schools and make regular assessment of the work of the said education.

第十四條   小學和初級中學應當將國防教育的內容納入有關課程，將課堂教學與課外活動相結合，對學生進行國防教育。

Article 14 In primary schools and junior secondary schools, national defense education shall be incorporated into related curricular and such education shall be conducted among the students by combining classroom instruction with extracurricular activities.

有條件的小學和初級中學可以組織學生開展以國防教育為主題的少年軍校活動。教育行政部門、共產主義青年團組織和其他有關部門應當加強對少年軍校活動的指導與管理。

Primary schools and junior secondary schools where conditions permit may organize juvenile cadet activities themed on national defense education. The administrative departments for education, the Communist Youth League organizations and other departments concerned shall improve their direction and administration of the juvenile cadet activities.

小學和初級中學可以根據需要聘請校外輔導員，協助學校開展多種形式的國防教育活動。

The elementary schools and junior middle schools may, where necessary, hire non-school tutors to assist the schools to carry out various national defense education activities.

第十五條   高等學校、高級中學和相當於高級中學的學校應當將課堂教學與軍事訓練相結合，對學生進行國防教育。

Article 15 In institutions of higher education, senior secondary schools and schools equivalent to senior secondary schools, national defense education shall be conducted among the students by combining classroom instruction with military training.

高等學校應當設置適當的國防教育課程，高級中學和相當於高級中學的學校應當在有關課程中安排專門的國防教育內容，並可以在學生中開展形式多樣的國防教育活動。

In higher education institutions, appropriate courses for national defense education shall be offered and in senior secondary schools and schools equivalent to senior secondary schools, special contents of national defense education shall be added to the related courses, and national defense education may be conducted in various forms among the students there.

高等學校、高級中學和相當於高級中學的學校學生的軍事訓練，由學校負責軍事訓練的機構或者軍事教員按照國家有關規定組織實施。軍事機關應當協助學校組織學生的軍事訓練。

Military training of students in institutions of higher education institutions, senior secondary schools and schools equivalent to senior secondary schools shall be organized and conducted in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State by the offices of these institutions and schools that are in charge of Military training or by military instructors. Military organs shall assist the said institutions and schools in organizing military training of students.

第十六條   學校應當將國防教育列入學校的工作和教學計劃，采取有效措施，保證國防教育的質量和效果。

Article 16 A school shall integrate the national defense education into the work and teaching plan of the school and shall take effective measures to ensure the quality and effects of the national defense education.

學校組織軍事訓練活動，應當采取措施，加強安全保障。

When organizing an activity of military training, a school shall take measures to ensure the safety.

第十七條   負責培訓國家工作人員的各類教育機構，應當將國防教育納入培訓計劃，設置適當的國防教育課程。

Article 17 All types of education institutions responsible for the training of state functionaries shall integrate the national defense education into the training plan and shall set up appropriate national defense education courses.

國家根據需要選送地方和部門的負責人到有關軍事院校接受培訓，學習和掌握履行領導職責所必需的國防知識。

The State, in light of need, selects and sends local leaders and department heads to relevant military academies to receive training in order that they will learn and master national defense knowledge which is essential for the performance of their duties as leaders.

第三章 社會國防教育

Chapter III National Defense Education in the Society

第十八條   國家機關應當根據各自的工作性質和特點，采取多種形式對工作人員進行國防教育。

Article 18 State organs shall, in light of the nature and characteristics of their respective work, conduct national defense education among their functionaries in various forms.

國家機關工作人員應當具備基本的國防知識。從事國防建設事業的國家機關工作人員，必須學習和掌握履行職責所必需的國防知識。

The functionaries of the state organs shall have basic national defense knowledge. Personnel of State organs engaged in the building of national defense must learn and master national defense knowledge which are essential for them to perform their duties.

各地區、各部門的領導人員應當依法履行組織、領導本地區、本部門開展國防教育的職責。

Leading members of the various regions and departments shall, in accordance with law, perform their responsibilities of organizing and directing national defense education in their respective regions and departments.

第十九條   企業事業組織應當將國防教育列入職工教育計劃，結合政治教育、業務培訓、文化體育等活動，對職工進行國防教育。

Article 19 Enterprises and institutions shall incorporate national defense education into education plans for their workers and staff members and conduct such education among them in combination with political education, professional training, cultural and sports activities.

承擔國防科研生產、國防設施建設、國防交通保障等任務的企業事業組織，應當根據所擔負的任務，制定相應的國防教育計劃，有針對性地對職工進行國防教育。

Enterprises and institutions that shoulder the tasks of national defense research and production, construction of national defense installations and support of national defense communications shall, on the basis of their tasks, formulate corresponding plans for national defense education and conduct such education among their workers and staff members according to their specific conditions.

社會團體應當根據各自的活動特點開展國防教育。

Public groups shall conduct national defense education in light of the characteristics of their respective activities.

第二十條   軍區、省軍區(衛戍區、警備區)、軍分區(警備區)和縣、自治縣、市、市轄區的人民武裝部按照國家和軍隊的有關規定，結合政治教育和組織整頓、軍事訓練、執行勤務、征兵工作以及重大節日、紀念日活動，對民兵、預備役人員進行國防教育。

Article 20 The military area commands, provincial military area commands, (garrison commands, guard commands), sub-military area commands (guard commands) and the departments of people's armed force of the counties, autonomous counties, cities and districts under a city shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and army, offer national defense education to the militia and reservists by combining it with the political education, organization rectification, military training, performance of service, conscription work as well as activities in important festivals and memorial days.

民兵、預備役人員的國防教育，應當以基幹民兵、第一類預備役人員和擔任領導職務的民兵、預備役人員為重點，建立和完善制度，保證受教育的人員、教育時間和教育內容的落實。

In conducting national defense education among the militia and reservists, emphasis shall be laid on primary militiamen, first-class reservists and the leading militia and reservists, and the systems for such education shall be established and improved to guarantee the numbers of persons receiving the education, the fulfillment of the length of time allotted to it, and the contents of the education.

第二十一條   城市居民委員會、農村村民委員會應當將國防教育納入社區、農村社會主義精神文明建設的內容，結合征兵工作、擁軍優屬以及重大節日、紀念日活動，對居民、村民進行國防教育。

Article 21 The urban residents' committees and rural villagers' committees shall integrate the national defense education into the contents of the construction of social spiritual civilization of the communities and countryside. They shall offer national defense education to the urban residents and villagers by combining it with the conscription work, activity of supporting the army and rendering preferential treatments to the families of servicemen, as well as activities of important festivals and memorial days.

城市居民委員會、農村村民委員會可以聘請退役軍人協助開展國防教育。

Residents committees in cities and villagers committees in rural areas may invite ex-servicemen to assist them in conducting national defense education.

第二十二條   文化、新聞、出版、廣播、電影、電視等部門和單位應當根據形勢和任務的要求，采取多種形式開展國防教育。

Article 22 The departments and entities of culture, news, publication, radio, film, television, etc. shall, in light of the situation and tasks, take various forms to carry out national defense education.

中央和省、自治區、直轄市以及設區的市的廣播電臺、電視臺、報刊應當開設國防教育節目或者欄目，普及國防知識。

The radio stations, TV stations, newspapers and periodicals of the Central Government, provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and districted cities shall establish national defense education programs or columns to popularize the national defense knowledge.

第二十三條   烈士陵園、革命遺址和其他具有國防教育功能的博物館、紀念館、科技館、文化館、青少年宮等場所，應當為公民接受國防教育提供便利，對有組織的國防教育活動實行優惠或者免費；依照本法第二十八條的規定被命名為國防教育基地的，應當對有組織的中小學生免費開放；在全民國防教育日向社會免費開放。

Article 23 The cemeteries of martyrs, revolutionary sites, museums, memorials, science and technology museums, culture centers, Youth and Children's Palaces and other places that have the functions of national defense education shall facilitate the citizens to receive national defense education. They shall offer preferential treatments or shall be open gratuitously to the organized national defense education activities. A national defense education base named in accordance with Article 28 of this Law shall be opened gratuitously to the organized primary school students, and shall be opened gratuitously to the general public on the National Defense Education Day of the Whole People.

第四章 國防教育的保障

Chapter 4 Guarantee of National Defense Education

第二十四條   各級人民政府應當將國防教育納入國民經濟和社會發展計劃，並根據開展國防教育的需要，在財政預算中保障國防教育所需的經費。

Article 24 People's governments at various levels shall incorporate national defense education into their plans for national economic and social development, and according to the need for conducting such education, include the funds needed for the education in their fiscal budgets by way of guarantee.

第二十五條   國家機關、事業單位、社會團體開展國防教育所需的經費，在本單位預算經費內列支；企業開展國防教育所需經費，在本單位職工教育經費中列支。

Article 25 The fund that is essential for a state organ, public institution, mass organization to carry out national defense education shall be paid from its budgetary fund. The fund that is essential for an enterprise to carry out national defense education shall be paid from its staff education fund.

學校組織學生軍事訓練所需的經費，按照國家有關規定執行。

Funds needed by schools for organizing military training among students shall be allocated according to the relevant regulations of the State.

第二十六條   國家鼓勵社會組織和個人捐贈財產，資助國防教育的開展。

Article 26 The state encourages social organizations and individuals to donate properties to support the national defense education.

社會組織和個人資助國防教育的財產，由依法成立的國防教育基金組織或者其他公益性社會組織依法管理。

The properties donated by social organizations and individuals to support the national defense education shall be managed by a lawfully established national defense education fund organization or any other commonweal organization according to law.

國家鼓勵社會組織和個人提供或者捐贈所收藏的具有國防教育意義的實物用於國防教育。使用單位對提供使用的實物應當妥善保管，使用完畢，及時歸還。

The state encourages the social organizations and individuals to provide or donate their collection of physical objects of national defense education significance for national defense education. A user entity shall properly keep the physical objects provided by it for use, and shall return them after use without delay.

第二十七條   國防教育經費和社會組織、個人資助國防教育的財產，必須用於國防教育事業，任何單位或者個人不得挪用、克扣。

Article 27 Funds for national defense education and the property donated by public organizations and individuals in support of national defense education must be used for such education. No unit or individual may misappropriate or withhold them.

第二十八條   本法第二十三條規定的場所，具備下列條件的，經省、自治區、直轄市人民政府批準，可以命名為國防教育基地：

Article 28 If any of the places as mentioned in Article 23 of this Law satisfies the following conditions, it may be named as a national defense education base upon approval of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government:

（一）有明確的國防教育主題內容；

1. Having definite subject contents for national defense education;

（二）有健全的管理機構和規章制度；

2. Having sound management departments, rules and regulations;

（三）有相應的國防教育設施；

(III) Having corresponding national defense education facilities;

（四）有必要的經費保障；

(IV) having necessary funds; and

（五）有顯著的社會教育效果。

(V) Having obvious social education effects.

國防教育基地應當加強建設，不斷完善，充分發揮國防教育的功能。被命名的國防教育基地不再具備前款規定條件的，由原批準機關撤銷命名。

National defense education bases shall be built with redoubled efforts and improved progressively, so that they will fully perform their functions of national defense education. If an existing national defense education base cannot meet the conditions as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, its name shall be revoked by the original approval organ.

第二十九條   各級人民政府應當加強對國防教育基地的規劃、建設和管理，並為其發揮作用提供必要的保障。

Article 29 The people's governments at all levels shall intensify the plan, construction and management of national defense education bases and offer necessary conditions to ensure that they play their roles.

各級人民政府應當加強對具有國防教育意義的文物的收集、整理、保護工作。

People's governments at all levels shall improve their work of collecting, sorting and protecting cultural relics of national defense education significance.

第三十條   全民國防教育使用統一的國防教育大綱。國防教育大綱由國家國防教育工作機構組織制定。

Article 30 A uniform outline shall be used for national defense education for the whole people. The national defense education program shall be formulated under the organization of the State national defense education working institution.

適用於不同地區、不同類別教育對象的國防教育教材，由有關部門或者地方依據國防教育大綱並結合本地區、本部門的特點組織編寫。

Teaching materials for national defense education to be used in different regions and among different categories of people receiving the education shall be compiled in accordance with the teaching program for national defense education and in light of the characteristics of the regions or departments, which is to be arranged by the departments or local authorities concerned.

第三十一條   各級國防教育工作機構應當組織、協調有關部門做好國防教育教員的選拔、培訓和管理工作，加強國防教育師資隊伍建設。

Article 31 The national defense education working institutions at all levels shall organize and coordinate with the relevant departments to fulfill the tasks of selection, training and management of teachers of national defense education and shall strengthen the faculty construction for national defense education.

國防教育教員應當從熱愛國防教育事業、具有基本的國防知識和必要的軍事技能的人員中選拔。

Teachers of national defense education shall be selected from among persons who are devoted to national defense education and possess the basic knowledge in this field and the necessary military skills.

第三十二條   中國人民解放軍和中國人民武裝警察部隊應當根據需要和可能，為駐地有組織的國防教育活動選派軍事教員，提供必要的軍事訓練場地、設施以及其他便利條件。

Article 32 The Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force shall, where necessary and possible, select and assign military teachers and provide necessary military training places, facilities and other convenient conditions for the organized national defense education activities to the local place where the troops are stationed.

在國慶節、中國人民解放軍建軍節和全民國防教育日，經批準的軍營可以向社會開放。軍營開放的辦法由中央軍事委員會規定。

On National Day, the Chinese People's Liberation Army Day and the National Defense Education Day, barracks may, upon approval, open to the public. The measures for the opening of barracks to the public shall be formulated by the Central Military Commission.

第五章 法律責任

Chapter 5 Legal Liabilities

第三十三條   國家機關、社會團體、企業事業組織以及其他社會組織違反本法規定，拒不開展國防教育活動的，由人民政府有關部門或者上級機關給予批評教育，並責令限期改正；拒不改正，造成惡劣影響的，對負有直接責任的主管人員依法給予行政處分。

Article 33 Where any state organ, mass organization, enterprise, public institution or any other social organization violates this Law due to failing to carry out national defense education activities, the relevant department of the people's government or its superior organ shall criticize it and order it to make corrections within a time limit. If it refuses to make corrections and results in any vile consequences, the directly liable person-in-charge shall be given an administrative sanction.

第三十四條   違反本法規定，挪用、克扣國防教育經費的，由有關主管部門責令限期歸還；對負有直接責任的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予行政處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 34 Where anyone violates this Law due to misappropriating or skimping the fund of national defense education, the competent authority may order it (him) to make a reimbursement within a time limit. The directly liable person-in-charge and other directly liable persons shall be given an administrative sanction. If any crime is constituted, they shall be subject to criminal liabilities.

第三十五條   侵占、破壞國防教育基地設施、損毀展品的，由有關主管部門給予批評教育，並責令限期改正；有關責任人應當依法承擔相應的民事責任。

Article 35 Where anyone encroaches on or destroys the facilities, or causes damage to the exhibition items of a national defense education base, the relevant competent authority shall criticize him and order him to make corrections within a time limit. The relevant liable persons shall bear the corresponding civil liabilities according to law.

有前款所列行為，違反治安管理規定的，由公安機關依法給予治安管理處罰；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Anyone who commits any of the acts listed in the preceding paragraph and violates the regulations for public security shall be given security administration punishment by the public security organ in accordance with law; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.

第三十六條   尋釁滋事，擾亂國防教育工作和活動秩序的，或者盜用國防教育名義騙取錢財的，由有關主管部門給予批評教育，並予以制止；違反治安管理規定的，由公安機關依法給予治安管理處罰；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 36 Where anyone disrupts the order of national defense education work and activities by picking a quarrel and making trouble, or illegally swindles money and property by usurping the name of national defense education, he shall be criticized and shall be ordered to stop the violation by the relevant administrative department. Anyone who violates the public security administration provisions shall be given a public security administration punishment by the public security organ in accordance with the law. Where any crime is constituted, he shall be subject to criminal liabilities.

第三十七條   負責國防教育的國家工作人員玩忽職守、濫用職權、徇私舞弊的，依法給予行政處分；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 37 Where any state functionary who is responsible for the national defense education neglects his duties, abuses his powers, seeks private benefits, he shall be given an administrative sanction. If any crime is constituted, he shall be subject to criminal liabilities.

第六章 附 則

Chapter 6 Supplementary Provisions

第三十八條   本法自公布之日起施行。

Article 38 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.