法律文本

中華人民共和國水土保持法 (2010修訂）

Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation (Revised in 2010)

主席令第三十九號

Presidential Decree No. 39

《中華人民共和國水土保持法》已由中華人民共和國第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十八次會議於2010年12月25日修訂通過，現將修訂後的《中華人民共和國水土保持法》公布，自2011年3月1日起施行。

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation, which was revised and adopted at the 18th session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on December 25, 2010, is hereby promulgated and shall come into effect on March 1, 2011.

中華人民共和國主席 胡錦濤

President Hu Jintao

2010年12月25日

December 25, 2010

1991年6月29日第七屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十次會議通過 2010年12月25日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十八次會議修訂

Adopted at the 20th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on June 29, 1991 and revised at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress on December 25, 2010

目錄

Contents

  第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

  第二章 規劃

Chapter 2 Planning

  第三章 預防

Chapter 3 Prevention

  第四章 治理

Chapter 4 Governance

  第五章 監測和監督

Chapter 5 Monitoring and Supervision

  第六章 法律責任

Chapter 6 Legal Liabilities

  第七章 附則

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第一章 總則

Chapter 1 General Provisions

第一條   為了預防和治理水土流失,保護和合理利用水土資源,減輕水、旱、風沙災害,改善生態環境,保障經濟社會可持續發展,制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purpose of preventing and controlling soil erosion, protecting and making rational use of water and soil resources, mitigating disasters of flood, drought and sandstorm, improving ecological environment and ensuring the sustainable development of the economy and society.

第二條   在中華人民共和國境內從事水土保持活動,應當遵守本法。

Article 2 This Law shall be observed in all activities of water and soil conservation within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

本法所稱水土保持,是指對自然因素和人為活動造成水土流失所采取的預防和治理措施。

As used in this Law, the term "water and soil conservation" means preventive and rehabilitative measures taken against soil erosion which is caused by natural factors or human activities.

第三條   水土保持工作實行預防為主、保護優先、全面規劃、綜合治理、因地制宜、突出重點、科學管理、注重效益的方針。

Article 3 The work of water and soil conservation shall be carried out in accordance with the policy of prevention first, protection first, overall planning, comprehensive treatment, adoption of measures suited to local conditions, laying stress on focal points, scientific management and stress on beneficial results.

第四條   縣級以上人民政府應當加強對水土保持工作的統一領導,將水土保持工作納入本級國民經濟和社會發展規劃,對水土保持規劃確定的任務,安排專項資金,並組織實施。

Article 4 The people's governments at or above county level shall strengthen the unified leadership for water and soil conservation, incorporate the water and soil conservation into their respective plans for national economic and social development, allocate special funds for tasks specified in such plans and organize the implementation thereof.

國家在水土流失重點預防區和重點治理區,實行地方各級人民政府水土保持目標責任制和考核獎懲制度。

The State will implement the system of target-oriented responsibility and the system of rewards and punishment upon examination by local people's governments at various levels in key prevention areas and key control areas of water and soil loss.

第五條   國務院水行政主管部門主管全國的水土保持工作。

Article 5 The department of water administration under the State Council shall be in charge of the work of water and soil conservation throughout the country.

國務院水行政主管部門在國家確定的重要江河、湖泊設立的流域管理機構(以下簡稱流域管理機構),在所管轄範圍內依法承擔水土保持監督管理職責。

The watershed authorities set up by the department of water administration under the State Council for the key rivers and lakes defined as such by the State (hereinafter referred to as "watershed authorities") shall, within their respective jurisdictions, undertake supervision and management responsibilities for water and soil conservation in accordance with law.

縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門主管本行政區域的水土保持工作。

The departments of water administration under the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the work of water and soil conservation within their respective jurisdictions.

縣級以上人民政府林業、農業、國土資源等有關部門按照各自職責,做好有關的水土流失預防和治理工作。

The departments of forestry, agriculture, land and resources and other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above county level shall, in accordance with their respective duties, conduct erosion prevention and control.

第六條   各級人民政府及其有關部門應當加強水土保持宣傳和教育工作,普及水土保持科學知識,增強公眾的水土保持意識。

Article 6 The people's governments at various levels and their relevant departments shall intensify the publicity of and education in water and soil conservation, popularize scientific knowledge concerning water and soil conservation and intensify the public's awareness in this regard.

第七條   國家鼓勵和支持水土保持科學技術研究,提高水土保持科學技術水平,推廣先進的水土保持技術,培養水土保持科學技術人才。

Article 7 The State shall encourage and support the research in and raise the level of science and technology of water and soil conservation, popularize the advanced technology in water and soil conservation, and train scientific and technological personnel in the field of water and soil conservation.

第八條   任何單位和個人都有保護水土資源、預防和治理水土流失的義務,並有權對破壞水土資源、造成水土流失的行為進行舉報。

Article 8 All units and individuals shall have the obligation to protect water and soil resources, prevent and control water and soil loss, and also have the right to report against any unit or individual that damages water and soil resources or causes water and soil loss.

第九條   國家鼓勵和支持社會力量參與水土保持工作。

Article 9 The State encourages and supports participation of social forces in soil and water conservation.

對水土保持工作中成績顯著的單位和個人，由縣級以上人民政府給予表彰和獎勵。

Units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in soil and water conservation shall be praised and awarded by the people's governments at or above the county level.

第二章 規劃

Chapter 2 Planning

第十條   水土保持規劃應當在水土流失調查結果及水土流失重點預防區和重點治理區劃定的基礎上,遵循統籌協調、分類指導的原則編制。

Article 10 The soil and water conservation planning shall be compiled in accordance with the principles of overall coordination and classified guidance and on the basis of the survey results and the division of key prevention areas and key control areas of water and soil loss.

第十一條   國務院水行政主管部門應當定期組織全國水土流失調查並公告調查結果。

Article 11 The department of water administration under the State Council shall regularly organize the survey of water and soil loss all over the country and announce the survey results.

省、自治區、直轄市人民政府水行政主管部門負責本行政區域的水土流失調查並公告調查結果,公告前應當將調查結果報國務院水行政主管部門備案。

The departments of water administration under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be in charge of the survey of water and soil loss within their respective jurisdictions and announce survey results and shall submit the survey results to the department of water administration under the State Council for the record before making such announcement.

第十二條   縣級以上人民政府應當依據水土流失調查結果劃定並公告水土流失重點預防區和重點治理區。

Article 12 The people's governments at or above the county level shall, based on the survey results of water and soil loss, designate and announce key prevention areas and key control areas of water and soil loss.

對水土流失潛在危險較大的區域,應當劃定為水土流失重點預防區;對水土流失嚴重的區域,應當劃定為水土流失重點治理區。

Areas highly prone to soil erosion must be mapped out as key prevention areas; areas of serious soil erosion must be mapped out as key control areas.

第十三條   水土保持規劃的內容應當包括水土流失狀況、水土流失類型區劃分、水土流失防治目標、任務和措施等。

Article 13 Plans for water and soil conservation must include erosion conditions, typology, prevention and control targets, tasks, measures, etc.

水土保持規劃包括對流域或者區域預防和治理水土流失、保護和合理利用水土資源作出的整體部署,以及根據整體部署對水土保持專項工作或者特定區域預防和治理水土流失作出的專項部署。

Plans for water and soil conservation include overall deployment for the prevention and control of water and soil loss in basins or regions and the protection and reasonable use of water and soil resources, and special deployment for the special work of water and soil conservation or for the prevention and control of water and soil loss in special regions according to the overall deployment.

水土保持規劃應當與土地利用總體規劃、水資源規劃、城鄉規劃和環境保護規劃等相協調。

Plans for water and soil conservation must be in harmony with the overall plan for land use, water resources, urban and rural areas and environmental protection.

編制水土保持規劃,應當征求專家和公眾的意見。

The opinions of experts and the public shall be collected on the compilation of soil and water conservation planning.

第十四條   縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門會同同級人民政府有關部門編制水土保持規劃,報本級人民政府或者其授權的部門批準後,由水行政主管部門組織實施。

Article 14 The department of water administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in conjunction with the departments concerned under the people's governments at the corresponding level, draw up water and soil conservation plans, which shall be enforced by the department of water administration after being submitted to the people's governments at the corresponding level or the departments authorized thereby for approval.

水土保持規劃一經批準,應當嚴格執行;經批準的規劃根據實際情況需要修改的,應當按照規劃編制程序報原批準機關批準。

Once approved, a plan for water and soil conservation must be strictly enforced. Any modification to an approved plan, to be made in light of realities, must be submitted for approval to the original department in accordance with the procedures for plan formulation.

第十五條   有關基礎設施建設、礦產資源開發、城鎮建設、公共服務設施建設等方面的規劃，在實施過程中可能造成水土流失的，規劃的組織編制機關應當在規劃中提出水土流失預防和治理的對策和措施，並在規劃報請審批前征求本級人民政府水行政主管部門的意見。

Article 15 If the implementation of any plan for the construction of infrastructure, the development of mineral resources, the urban construction and the construction of public service facilities may cause water and soil loss, the authorities organizing and compiling such plan shall include strategies and measures for the prevention and control of water and soil loss, and consult with the department of water administration under the people's government at the corresponding level prior to submitting the plan for approval.

第三章 預防

Chapter 3 Prevention

第十六條   地方各級人民政府應當按照水土保持規劃,采取封育保護、自然修複等措施,組織單位和個人植樹種草,擴大林草覆蓋面積,涵養水源,預防和減輕水土流失。

Article 16 Local people's governments at various levels shall, in accordance with soil and water conservation plans, take such measures as hillsides closing and natural restoration, organize tree and grass planting by organizations and individuals, expand vegetation coverage, conserve water sources and prevent and mitigate soil erosion.

第十七條   地方各級人民政府應當加強對取土、挖砂、采石等活動的管理,預防和減輕水土流失。

Article 17 The local people's governments at various levels shall strengthen the control on such activities as earth-fetching, sand-digging and quarrying, so as to prevent and reduce soil erosion.

禁止在崩塌、滑坡危險區和泥石流易發區從事取土、挖砂、采石等可能造成水土流失的活動。崩塌、滑坡危險區和泥石流易發區的範圍,由縣級以上地方人民政府劃定並公告。崩塌、滑坡危險區和泥石流易發區的劃定,應當與地質災害防治規劃確定的地質災害易發區、重點防治區相銜接。

Earth-fetching, sand-digging, quarrying and other activities that may cause soil erosion are prohibited in areas in danger of land-collapsing or land-sliding or where mud-rock flow is liable to occur. The scope of such areas shall be determined and announced by the local people's governments at or above the county level. The division of such areas shall be connected to the areas where geological disasters are liable to occur and key areas for preventing and controlling geological disasters as determined in geological disaster prevention and control planning.

第十八條   水土流失嚴重、生態脆弱的地區,應當限制或者禁止可能造成水土流失的生產建設活動,嚴格保護植物、沙殼、結皮、地衣等。

Article 18 In areas of serious soil erosion and fragile ecology, any production or construction activities that could cause soil erosion must be restricted or prohibited, and plants, sand shell, crust, lichen etc.

在侵蝕溝的溝坡和溝岸、河流的兩岸以及湖泊和水庫的周邊,土地所有權人、使用權人或者有關管理單位應當營造植物保護帶。禁止開墾、開發植物保護帶。

The owner or holder of land or relevant management units shall plant vegetative screens on slopes and banks of eroded gully, banks of rivers and at the edges of lakes and reservoirs. Reclamation and development of plant protection zones shall be prohibited.

第十九條   水土保持設施的所有權人或者使用權人應當加強對水土保持設施的管理與維護,落實管護責任,保障其功能正常發揮。

Article 19 Owners or users of facilities for conservation of water and soil shall strengthen the management and maintenance of the facilities, fulfill the duties of management and protection, and ensure their normal function.

第二十條   禁止在二十五度以上陡坡地開墾種植農作物。在二十五度以上陡坡地種植經濟林的,應當科學選擇樹種,合理確定規模,采取水土保持措施,防止造成水土流失。

Article 20 Reclamation of hillsides with a slope of over 25 degrees for cultivation of crops shall be prohibited. Where commodity trees are planted on a slope of over 25 degrees, tree species must be scientifically selected, soil and water conservation measures shall be adopted and appropriate scale shall be determined, so as to prevent soil erosion.

省、自治區、直轄市根據本行政區域的實際情況,可以規定小於二十五度的禁止開墾坡度。禁止開墾的陡坡地的範圍由當地縣級人民政府劃定並公告。

The provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in line with the actual conditions of the areas under their respective jurisdiction, prescribe the reclamation-forbidden slope of below 25 degrees. The specific area of the reclamation-forbidden slope shall be determined and announced by the local people's government at the county level.

第二十一條   禁止毀林、毀草開墾和采集發菜。禁止在水土流失重點預防區和重點治理區鏟草皮、挖樹兜或者濫挖蟲草、甘草、麻黃等。

Article 21 Land reclamation at the expense of deforestation or grass destruction shall be prohibited. Stripping turf, digging up tree stumps and excessive digging of cordyceps sinensis, liquorice, ephedra etc. are prohibited in key areas for prevention or rehabilitation.

第二十二條   林木采伐應當采用合理方式,嚴格控制皆伐;對水源涵養林、水土保持林、防風固沙林等防護林只能進行撫育和更新性質的采伐;對采伐區和集材道應當采取防止水土流失的措施,並在采伐後及時更新造林。

Article 22 Felling of forest trees must be carried out rationally, and clear felling shall be strictly controlled. With respect to protective forests such as those for water supply conservation, water and soil conservation, windbreak and sand-fixation, felling shall only be permitted for tending and regeneration of forests. Preventive measures against soil erosion shall be adopted in the felling areas and on skid trails, and reforestation shall be accomplished in good time after the felling.

在林區采伐林木的,采伐方案中應當有水土保持措施。采伐方案經林業主管部門批準後,由林業主管部門和水行政主管部門監督實施。

For any felling in a forest area, water and soil conservation measures shall be included in the felling plan. The felling plan shall, upon approval by the department of forestry administration, be implemented under the supervision of the departments of water administration and forestry administration.

第二十三條   在五度以上坡地植樹造林、撫育幼林、種植中藥材等,應當采取水土保持措施。

Article 23 Water and soil conservation measures shall be adopted when afforestation, tending of young growth, and cultivation of Chinese medicinal plants are done on hillsides with a slope of above 5 degrees.

在禁止開墾坡度以下、五度以上的荒坡地開墾種植農作物,應當采取水土保持措施。具體辦法由省、自治區、直轄市根據本行政區域的實際情況規定。

Water and soil conservation measures shall be adopted when waste hillsides with a slope of above 5 degrees but under the reclamation-forbidden degrees are reclaimed for cultivation of crops. The specific measures therefor shall be formulated by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in light of the actual conditions of their respective administrative areas.

第二十四條   生產建設項目選址、選線應當避讓水土流失重點預防區和重點治理區;無法避讓的,應當提高防治標準,優化施工工藝,減少地表擾動和植被損壞範圍,有效控制可能造成的水土流失。

Article 24 Key prevention areas and key control areas of water and soil loss shall be avoided in location and line selection of production and construction projects; if it cannot be avoided, the prevention and control standards shall be raised and construction technology shall be optimized in order to reduce the areas of surface disturbance and vegetation damage and effectively control the possible water and soil loss.

第二十五條   在山區、丘陵區、風沙區以及水土保持規劃確定的容易發生水土流失的其他區域開辦可能造成水土流失的生產建設項目,生產建設單位應當編制水土保持方案,報縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門審批,並按照經批準的水土保持方案,采取水土流失預防和治理措施。沒有能力編制水土保持方案的,應當委托具備相應技術條件的機構編制。

Article 25 Where production and construction projects that could cause water and soil loss are established in a mountainous, hilly or sandstorm area or any other area that water and soil loss is liable to occur as specified in soil and water conservation planning, the producer or constructor shall formulate a plan for water and soil conservation, submit it for approval to the department of water administration under the people's governments at or above the county level, and take preventive and control measures according to the approved plan. If a water and soil conservation program cannot be compiled because of lack of ability, an organ with technological conditions shall be entrusted for the compilation thereof.

水土保持方案應當包括水土流失預防和治理的範圍、目標、措施和投資等內容。

A water and soil conservation program shall include the scope, goal, measures and investment of prevention and control of water and soil loss.

水土保持方案經批準後,生產建設項目的地點、規模發生重大變化的,應當補充或者修改水土保持方案並報原審批機關批準。水土保持方案實施過程中,水土保持措施需要作出重大變更的,應當經原審批機關批準。

Where the location or scale of a production or construction project changes greatly after the water and soil conservation program is approved, the water and soil conservation program shall be supplemented or modified and be submitted for approval to the same examination and approval organ. Where soil and water conservation measures needs to be changed materially during the implementation of a water and soil conservation program, approval of the same examination and approval authority shall be obtained.

生產建設項目水土保持方案的編制和審批辦法,由國務院水行政主管部門制定。

The water administration department of the State Council shall formulate measures governing the formulation and approval of plans for water and soil conservation in production or construction projects.

第二十六條   依法應當編制水土保持方案的生產建設項目,生產建設單位未編制水土保持方案或者水土保持方案未經水行政主管部門批準的,生產建設項目不得開工建設。

Article 26 With respect to a production or construction project that a water and soil conservation program shall compiled therefor according to law, if the producer or constructor fails to compile the water and soil conservation program or the water and soil conservation program fails to be approved by the department of water administration, the production or construction project may not be started.

第二十七條   依法應當編制水土保持方案的生產建設項目中的水土保持設施,應當與主體工程同時設計、同時施工、同時投產使用;生產建設項目竣工驗收,應當驗收水土保持設施;水土保持設施未經驗收或者驗收不合格的,生產建設項目不得投產使用。

Article 27 The water and soil conservation facilities in a production or construction project for which a plan for water and soil conservation is required shall be designed, constructed and put into operation simultaneously with the principal part of the project. When a production or construction project is completed and checked for acceptance, the water and soil conservation facilities shall be checked for acceptance at the same time. The production or construction project may not be put into operation if the water and soil conservation facilities fail to be checked for acceptance or fail to pass the acceptance.

第二十八條   依法應當編制水土保持方案的生產建設項目,其生產建設活動中排棄的砂、石、土、矸石、尾礦、廢渣等應當綜合利用;不能綜合利用,確需廢棄的,應當堆放在水土保持方案確定的專門存放地,並采取措施保證不產生新的危害。

Article 28 With respect to a production or construction project that a water and soil conservation program shall compiled therefor according to law, the sand, rocks, earth, attals, tailings and residues arising from production or construction activities shall be utilized comprehensively. Any of them that cannot be utilized comprehensively and have to be abandoned shall be disposed of in an area as specially designated in the water and soil conservation program and measures shall be taken to ensure that no new hazard will be incurred.

第二十九條   縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門、流域管理機構，應當對生產建設項目水土保持方案的實施情況進行跟蹤檢查，發現問題及時處理。

Article 29 The departments of water administration under the people's governments at or above the county level and basin management agencies shall follow up and check the implementation of water and soil conservation programs in production and construction projects and handle problems promptly if any.

第四章 治理

Chapter 4 Governance

第三十條   國家加強水土流失重點預防區和重點治理區的坡耕地改梯田、淤地壩等水土保持重點工程建設,加大生態修複力度。

Article 30 The State will strengthen the construction of key soil and water conservation projects such as changing sloping farmlands into terraced fields and constructing warp land dams in key prevention areas and key control areas of water and soil loss, and increase the efforts on ecological restoration.

縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門應當加強對水土保持重點工程的建設管理,建立和完善運行管護制度。

The departments of water administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the management of construction of key water and soil conservation projects and establish and improve the system for its management and protection.

第三十一條   國家加強江河源頭區、飲用水水源保護區和水源涵養區水土流失的預防和治理工作,多渠道籌集資金,將水土保持生態效益補償納入國家建立的生態效益補償制度。

Article 31 The State will strengthen the prevention and control of water and soil loss in river source areas, drinking water source protection areas and water conservation areas, raise funds through various channels and include the ecological benefit compensation for water and soil conservation in the ecological benefit compensation system of the State.

第三十二條   開辦生產建設項目或者從事其他生產建設活動造成水土流失的,應當進行治理。

Article 32 Water and soil loss caused by production and construction projects or other production and construction activities shall be controlled.

在山區、丘陵區、風沙區以及水土保持規劃確定的容易發生水土流失的其他區域開辦生產建設項目或者從事其他生產建設活動,損壞水土保持設施、地貌植被,不能恢複原有水土保持功能的,應當繳納水土保持補償費,專項用於水土流失預防和治理。專項水土流失預防和治理由水行政主管部門負責組織實施。水土保持補償費的收取使用管理辦法由國務院財政部門、國務院價格主管部門會同國務院水行政主管部門制定。

If water and soil conservation facilities, land features or vegetation are damaged by production or construction projects or other production or construction activities in a mountainous, hilly or sandstorm area or any other area that water and soil loss is liable to occur as specified in soil and water conservation planning, and their original soil and water conservation function cannot be restored, a compensation fee shall be paid for preventing and controlling water and soil loss. Specific prevention and control of soil erosion shall be carried out by the water administration departments. The administrative measures for the collection and use of compensation fees for water and soil conservation shall be formulated by the department of finance and the department of price administration under the State Council in conjunction with the department of water administration under the State Council.

生產建設項目在建設過程中和生產過程中發生的水土保持費用,按照國家統一的財務會計制度處理。

Conservation cost of water and soil in the process of production or construction shall be dealt with in accordance with the state's unified financial and accounting system.

第三十三條   國家鼓勵單位和個人按照水土保持規劃參與水土流失治理,並在資金、技術、稅收等方面予以扶持。

Article 33 The state encourages organizations and individuals to engage in erosion control under plans for water and soil conservation, and gives financial, technical, taxation and other support.

第三十四條   國家鼓勵和支持承包治理荒山、荒溝、荒丘、荒灘,防治水土流失,保護和改善生態環境,促進土地資源的合理開發和可持續利用,並依法保護土地承包合同當事人的合法權益。

Article 34 The State encourages and supports the contracted rehabilitation of barren hills, waste valleys, barren hillocks or desolated beaches, so as to prevent and control soil erosion, protect and improve the ecological environment, promote the rational development and sustainable utilization of land resources, and protects the legitimate rights and interests of land contractors according to law.

承包治理荒山、荒溝、荒丘、荒灘和承包水土流失嚴重地區農村土地的,在依法簽訂的土地承包合同中應當包括預防和治理水土流失責任的內容。

Where the rehabilitation of barren hills, waste valleys, barren hillocks or desolated beaches, or the rural land in areas suffering from serious water and soil loss are contracted out, the land contracts entered into according to law shall include the responsibilities for preventing and controlling water and soil loss.

第三十五條   在水力侵蝕地區,地方各級人民政府及其有關部門應當組織單位和個人,以天然溝壑及其兩側山坡地形成的小流域為單元,因地制宜地采取工程措施、植物措施和保護性耕作等措施,進行坡耕地和溝道水土流失綜合治理。

Article 35 In a water-eroded region, the people's governments at local levels and relevant departments thereof shall mobilize organizations and individuals to prevent and rehabilitate soil erosion on sloping fields and in gullies through engineering and vegetation measures and protective cultivation, taking as a unit a small river basin comprising a natural ravine and flanking hill slopes and considering local conditions.

在風力侵蝕地區,地方各級人民政府及其有關部門應當組織單位和個人,因地制宜地采取輪封輪牧、植樹種草、設置人工沙障和網格林帶等措施,建立防風固沙防護體系。

In a wind-eroded region, local people's governments and their relevant departments at all levels shall organize units and individuals to take such measures, according to local conditions, as rotation of closing and grazing periods, planting of trees and growing of grass, installation of artificial sand-break and forest network, so as to build a protective system for windbreak and sand-fixation.

在重力侵蝕地區,地方各級人民政府及其有關部門應當組織單位和個人,采取監測、徑流排導、削坡減載、支擋固坡、修建攔擋工程等措施,建立監測、預報、預警體系。

In gravity-eroded areas, the people's governments at local levels and relevant departments thereof shall mobilize organizations and individuals to set up a monitoring, forecasting and early warning system through monitoring, diverting runoff, cutting slope and unloading, building prop-ups to slopes and constructing fences.

第三十六條   在飲用水水源保護區,地方各級人民政府及其有關部門應當組織單位和個人,采取預防保護、自然修複和綜合治理措施,配套建設植物過濾帶,積極推廣沼氣,開展清潔小流域建設,嚴格控制化肥和農藥的使用,減少水土流失引起的面源汙染,保護飲用水水源。

Article 36 In drinking water source protection areas, local people's governments and their relevant departments at all levels shall organize units and individuals to take preventive and protective, natural restoration and comprehensive control measures, to build vegetation filter strips, to actively promote methane, to build clean small river basins, to strictly control the use of fertilizers and pesticides, so as to reduce non-point source pollution caused by water and soil loss and protect drinking water sources.

第三十七條   已在禁止開墾的陡坡地上開墾種植農作物的,應當按照國家有關規定退耕,植樹種草;耕地短缺、退耕確有困難的,應當修建梯田或者采取其他水土保持措施。

Article 37 Anyone who has conducted reclamation for cultivation of crops on the reclamation-forbidden slopes shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, stop the cultivation and plant trees and grass. If it is really difficult to stop the cultivation due to shortage of cultivated land, terraced fields shall be built or other water and soil conservation measures shall be taken.

在禁止開墾坡度以下的坡耕地上開墾種植農作物的,應當根據不同情況,采取修建梯田、坡面水系整治、蓄水保土耕作或者退耕等措施。

Anyone who conducts reclamation for cultivation of crops on slopes under the reclamation-forbidden degrees shall, in light of different conditions, take such measures as building terraced fields, regulating slope water system, doing cultivation conducive to water and soil conservation or stopping cultivation.

第三十八條   對生產建設活動所占用土地的地表土應當進行分層剝離、保存和利用,做到土石方挖填平衡,減少地表擾動範圍;對廢棄的砂、石、土、矸石、尾礦、廢渣等存放地,應當采取攔擋、坡面防護、防洪排導等措施。生產建設活動結束後,應當及時在取土場、開挖面和存放地的裸露土地上植樹種草、恢複植被,對閉庫的尾礦庫進行複墾。

Article 38 Topsoil in lands occupied by production and construction activities shall be stripped, preserved and utilized to balance earth digging and refilling and reduce earth surface disturbance; storage sites for waste sand, stone, earth, refuse, tailings and residues shall be fended and protected from landslide and flood. Trees and grass must be planted timely on bare lands used for earth-fetching, surface excavation and storage to restore vegetation, and reclamation done on closed tailings pools.

在幹旱缺水地區從事生產建設活動,應當采取防止風力侵蝕措施,設置降水蓄滲設施,充分利用降水資源。

Where production and construction activities are carried out in arid areas, measures shall be taken to prevent from wind erosion, rainfall infiltration facilities shall be set up and precipitation resources shall be fully utilized.

第三十九條   國家鼓勵和支持在山區、丘陵區、風沙區以及容易發生水土流失的其他區域，采取下列有利於水土保持的措施:

Article 39 The State encourages and supports the following measures conducive to water and soil conservation in mountainous, hilly or sandstorm areas, or other areas prone to soil erosion:

（一）免耕、等高耕作、輪耕輪作、草田輪作、間作套種等;

1. Zero tillage, contour farming, shifting cultivation, rotation of crops and grass and intercropping and interplanting;

（二）封禁撫育、輪封輪牧、舍飼圈養;

(II) closed tending, rotation of closing and grazing periods, and stable breeding;

（三）發展沼氣、節柴灶，利用太陽能、風能和水能，以煤、電、氣代替薪柴等;

(III) developing methane and fuel-saving stoves, utilizing solar, wind and water energy, and replacing firewood with coal, electricity and gas;

（四）從生態脆弱地區向外移民;

(IV) emigration from ecologically fragile regions; and

（五）其他有利於水土保持的措施。

(V) other measures beneficial to water and soil conservation.

第五章 監測和監督

Chapter 5 Monitoring and Supervision

第四十條   縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門應當加強水土保持監測工作,發揮水土保持監測工作在政府決策、經濟社會發展和社會公眾服務中的作用。縣級以上人民政府應當保障水土保持監測工作經費。

Article 40 The departments of water administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the monitoring of soil and water conservation, and give play to the role of the monitoring of soil and water conservation in government decision-making, economic and social development and public services. The people's governments at or above county level shall guarantee funds for such monitoring.

國務院水行政主管部門應當完善全國水土保持監測網絡,對全國水土流失進行動態監測。

The department of water administration under the State Council shall improve the monitoring network for water and soil conservation throughout the country and dynamically monitor water and soil loss all over the country.

第四十一條   對可能造成嚴重水土流失的大中型生產建設項目,生產建設單位應當自行或者委托具備水土保持監測資質的機構,對生產建設活動造成的水土流失進行監測,並將監測情況定期上報當地水行政主管部門。

Article 41 For a large or medium-sized production or construction project that may cause serious water and soil loss, the producer or constructor shall, by itself or entrust an organization with soil and water conservation monitoring qualification, monitor water and soil loss caused by its production or construction activities, and shall periodically report the monitoring results to the local water administration department.

從事水土保持監測活動應當遵守國家有關技術標準、規範和規程,保證監測質量。

Relevant national technical standards, criteria and procedures shall be abided by in soil and water conservation monitoring activities to ensure the quality of monitoring.

第四十二條   國務院水行政主管部門和省、自治區、直轄市人民政府水行政主管部門應當根據水土保持監測情況,定期對下列事項進行公告:

Article 42 The department of water administration under the State Council and the departments of water administration under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, on the basis of the monitoring results of soil and water conservation, periodically announce the following matters:

(一)水土流失類型、面積、強度、分布狀況和變化趨勢;

1. the type, area, intensity, distribution and variation tendency of water and soil loss;

(二)水土流失造成的危害;

2. the damage caused by the water loss and soil erosion;

(三)水土流失預防和治理情況。

(III) the prevention and control of water and soil loss.

第四十三條   縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門負責對水土保持情況進行監督檢查。流域管理機構在其管轄範圍內可以行使國務院水行政主管部門的監督檢查職權。

Article 43 The departments of water administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the supervision and inspection of water and soil conservation. A river basin administrative organ may, within its jurisdiction, exercise the powers of supervision and inspection of the administrative department for water resources under the State Council.

第四十四條   水政監督檢查人員依法履行監督檢查職責時,有權采取下列措施:

Article 44 When performing their duties, the supervisors and inspectors for administration of water resources shall have the right to take the following measures:

(一)要求被檢查單位或者個人提供有關文件、證照、資料;

1. requesting the units or individuals under inspection to provide the relevant documents, certificates and licenses, and materials;

(二)要求被檢查單位或者個人就預防和治理水土流失的有關情況作出說明;

(II) to require the unit or individual under inspection to give explanations of matters with respect to the prevention and control of soil erosion; and

(三)進入現場進行調查、取證。

(III) Enter the site to carry out investigations and collect evidence.

被檢查單位或者個人拒不停止違法行為,造成嚴重水土流失的,報經水行政主管部門批準,可以查封、扣押實施違法行為的工具及施工機械、設備等。

Where an inspected organization or individual causes serious soil erosion as a result of refusing to stop unlawful practices, its/his tools, machines, equipment for construction, etc. may be sealed up or detained subject to the approval of the department of water administration.

第四十五條   水政監督檢查人員依法履行監督檢查職責時,應當出示執法證件。被檢查單位或者個人對水土保持監督檢查工作應當給予配合,如實報告情況,提供有關文件、證照、資料;不得拒絕或者阻礙水政監督檢查人員依法執行公務。

Article 45 When performing their duties, the supervisors and inspectors for administration of water resources shall show their law-enforcement papers. Units or individuals concerned shall cooperate with the supervision and inspection of soil and water conservation, truthfully report the situations and provide relevant documents, certificates or licenses, and data and information, and may not refuse or obstruct such supervision and inspection.

第四十六條   不同行政區域之間發生水土流失糾紛應當協商解決;協商不成的，由共同的上一級人民政府裁決。

Article 46 Any dispute arising among different administrative regions over soil erosion shall be solved through consultation; if no settlement is reached through consultation, the case shall be handled by the people's government at the next higher level.

第六章 法律責任

Chapter 6 Legal Liabilities

第四十七條   水行政主管部門或者其他依照本法規定行使監督管理權的部門,不依法作出行政許可決定或者辦理批準文件的,發現違法行為或者接到對違法行為的舉報不予查處的,或者有其他未依照本法規定履行職責的行為的,對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予處分。

Article 47 Where the water administration or any other department that exercises the power of supervision and administration in accordance with this Law fails to issue administrative licenses or handle approval documents according to law, fails to investigate into and deal with any unlawful act upon finding it or receiving a report on such act, fails to perform any of its duties specified in this Law, the leading person directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given sanctions according to law.

第四十八條   違反本法規定,在崩塌、滑坡危險區或者泥石流易發區從事取土、挖砂、采石等可能造成水土流失的活動的,由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門責令停止違法行為,沒收違法所得,對個人處一千元以上一萬元以下的罰款,對單位處二萬元以上二十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 48 Where, in violation of this Law, earth-fetching, sand-digging, quarrying and other activities that may cause water and soil loss are carried out in the areas in danger of land-collapsing or land-sliding or where mud-rock flow is liable to occur, the department of water administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall order to stop the illegal acts, confiscate the illegal gains, impose a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 10,000 yuan on an individual and a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan on a unit.

第四十九條   違反本法規定,在禁止開墾坡度以上陡坡地開墾種植農作物,或者在禁止開墾、開發的植物保護帶內開墾、開發的,由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門責令停止違法行為,采取退耕、恢複植被等補救措施;按照開墾或者開發面積,可以對個人處每平方米二元以下的罰款、對單位處每平方米十元以下的罰款。

Article 49 Any organization or individual that, in violation of this Law, engages in the cultivation of crops at a hillside with a slope above reclamation-forbidden degrees, or in cultivation in reclamation-forbidden protection belts shall be ordered by the water conservancy administration department of the local people's government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act and take such remedial measures as returning farmland to forest and restoring vegetation; the individual may be fined less than 2 yuan per square meter and the unit may be fined less than 10 yuan per square meter based on the reclamation or development area.

第五十條   違反本法規定,毀林、毀草開墾的,依照《中華人民共和國森林法》、《中華人民共和國草原法》的有關規定處罰。

Article 50 Where, in violation of this Law, land is reclaimed at the expense of deforestation or grass destruction, a penalty shall be imposed according to the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China and the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China.

第五十一條   違反本法規定,采集發菜,或者在水土流失重點預防區和重點治理區鏟草皮、挖樹兜、濫挖蟲草、甘草、麻黃等的,由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門責令停止違法行為,采取補救措施,沒收違法所得,並處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下的罰款;沒有違法所得的,可以處五萬元以下的罰款。

Article 51 Any organization or individual that, in violation of this Law, engages in such activities as picking Nostoc flagelliforme, or scraping turf, digging tree stumps, Cordyceps sinensis, liquorice, ephedra etc. in key areas for prevention or rehabilitation shall be ordered by the water administration departments of the local people's governments at or above county level to stop such activities and take remedies, have the illegal gains confiscated and be fined not less than one time but not more than five times the amount of the illegal gains; where there is no illegal gains, a fine of not more than 50,000 yuan may be imposed.

在草原地區有前款規定違法行為的,依照《中華人民共和國草原法》的有關規定處罰。

Whoever commits an illegal act as prescribed in the preceding paragraph in a grassland area shall be punished according to the relevant provisions in the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China.

第五十二條   在林區采伐林木不依法采取防止水土流失措施的,由縣級以上地方人民政府林業主管部門、水行政主管部門責令限期改正,采取補救措施;造成水土流失的,由水行政主管部門按照造成水土流失的面積處每平方米二元以上十元以下的罰款。

Article 52 Where measures are not taken to prevent from water and soil loss when felling in a forest area, the department of the department of water administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall order to stop the illegal acts and to take remedial measures, the departments of forestry administration and water administration under the people's governments at or above the county level shall order to make rectification within a specified time limit and to take remedial measures; if water and soil loss is caused, the department of water administration shall impose a fine of more than CNY2 and less than CNY10 per square meter on the basis of the areas of water and soil loss caused thereby.

第五十三條   違反本法規定,有下列行為之一的,由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門責令停止違法行為,限期補辦手續;逾期不補辦手續的,處五萬元以上五十萬元以下的罰款;對生產建設單位直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予處分:

Article 53 Any producer or constructor that, in violation of this Law, commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the water administration departments of the people's governments at or above county level to stop such act and go through the formalities within a stipulated period; if the formalities are not gone through within the period, a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed; the persons directly in charge of the producer or constructor and the other persons directly responsible shall be punished according to law:

(一)依法應當編制水土保持方案的生產建設項目,未編制水土保持方案或者編制的水土保持方案未經批準而開工建設的;

1. where a production or construction project that a water and soil conservation program shall compiled therefor according to law is started without a water and soil conservation program or the approval for water and soil conservation program;

(二)生產建設項目的地點、規模發生重大變化,未補充、修改水土保持方案或者補充、修改的水土保持方案未經原審批機關批準的;

2. where the location or scale of a production or construction project changes materially but the water and soil conservation program is not supplemented or modified or the supplemented or modified water and soil conservation program fails to be approved by the original examination and approval authority;

(三)水土保持方案實施過程中,未經原審批機關批準,對水土保持措施作出重大變更的。

3. where soil and water conservation measures are changed materially without approval of the same examination and approval authority in the implementation of a water and soil conservation program.

第五十四條   違反本法規定,水土保持設施未經驗收或者驗收不合格將生產建設項目投產使用的,由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門責令停止生產或者使用,直至驗收合格,並處五萬元以上五十萬元以下的罰款。

Article 54 Any producer or constructor that, in violation of this Law, puts its project into operation without having its water and soil conservation facilities accepted or failing to pass the acceptance check shall be ordered by the water administration departments at or above county level to suspend production or use until the facilities pass the acceptance check, and be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.

第五十五條   違反本法規定,在水土保持方案確定的專門存放地以外的區域傾倒砂、石、土、矸石、尾礦、廢渣等的,由縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門責令停止違法行為,限期清理,按照傾倒數量處每立方米十元以上二十元以下的罰款;逾期仍不清理的,縣級以上地方人民政府水行政主管部門可以指定有清理能力的單位代為清理,所需費用由違法行為人承擔。

Article 55 Any producer or constructor that, in violation of this Law, dumps sand, stone, earth, refuse, tailings or residues in areas other than designated areas as specified in its conservation plan shall be ordered by the water administration departments at or above county level to stop such act, clear away within a stipulated period and be fined of not less than 10 yuan but not more than 20 yuan per cubic meter; where it fails to clear away within the period, the water administration departments may appoint a capable agency to clear away on its behalf and the expenses therefrom shall be borne by the producer or constructor.

第五十六條   違反本法規定,開辦生產建設項目或者從事其他生產建設活動造成水土流失,不進行治理的,由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門責令限期治理;逾期仍不治理的,縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門可以指定有治理能力的單位代為治理,所需費用由違法行為人承擔。

Article 56 Any producer or constructor that, in violation of this Law, causes soil erosion by opening project or engaging in other production or construction activities and fails to carry out rehabilitation shall be ordered by the water administration departments at or above county level to carry out rehabilitation within a stipulated period; where it fails to carry out rehabilitation within the period, the water administration departments may appoint a capable agency to carry out rehabilitation on its behalf and the expenses therefrom shall be borne by the producer or constructor.

第五十七條   違反本法規定,拒不繳納水土保持補償費的,由縣級以上人民政府水行政主管部門責令限期繳納;逾期不繳納的,自滯納之日起按日加收滯納部分萬分之五的滯納金,可以處應繳水土保持補償費三倍以下的罰款。

Article 57 Any producer or constructor who, in violation of this Law, refuses to pay compensation for soil erosion shall be ordered by the water administration departments at or above county level to pay within a stipulated period; where it fails to pay within the period, it shall be subject to an overdue fine of 0.05% per day of the overdue payment, starting from the first day in arrears, and may face a fine of not more than three times the compensation.

第五十八條   違反本法規定，造成水土流失危害的，依法承擔民事責任;構成違反治安管理行為的，由公安機關依法給予治安管理處罰;構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 58 Any organization or individual that, in violation of this Law, causes soil erosion hazards shall bear civil liabilities according to law; if a violation of public security administration is constituted, a penalty for such violation shall be imposed by the public security organ; if a crime is constituted, criminal liabilities shall be investigated.

第七章 附則

Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions

第五十九條   縣級以上地方人民政府根據當地實際情況確定的負責水土保持工作的機構,行使本法規定的水行政主管部門水土保持工作的職責。

Article 59 Organs in charge of water and soil conservation as determined by local people's governments at or above county level in light of local realities shall perform duties of the water administration departments prescribed in this Law.

第六十條   本法自2011年3月1日起施行。

Article 60 This Law shall be effective 1 March 2011.